A modifier of the Bg element of the Bg-rbg transposable element system of maize

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
V. V. Koterniak
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Element System

scholarly journals R-STIPPLED MAIZE AS A TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SYSTEM

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488
Author(s):  
W M Williams ◽  
K V Satyanarayana ◽  
J L Kermicle
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Linkage Phase ◽  
Element System ◽  
In Trans ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT The I-R element at the R locus destabilizes kernel pigmentation giving the variegated pattern known as stippled (R-st). In trans linkage phase with R-st the element was shown to act as a modifier of stippled, intensifying seed spotting in parallel with effects of the dominant linked modifier M-st. Presence of I-R in the genome was, therefore, shown to be detectable as a modifier of R-st. When this test was used, new modifiers resembling M-st were often detected following mutations of R-st to the stable allele R-sc. Such mutations evidently occurred by transposition of I-R away from the R locus to a site where it was identifiable as a modifier. M-st may be such a transposed I-R. Analysis of mutations to R-sc during the second (sperm-forming) mitosis in pollen grains showed that some of the transposed I-R elements were linked with R, whereas others assorted independently. Their strengths varied from barely discernible to a level equal to M-st. Overreplication frequently accompanied transposition at the sperm-forming mitosis, leading to transposed I-R elements in both the mutant and nonmutant sperm.

Genetic and molecular analysis of the Enhancer (En) transposable element system of Zea mays

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Pereira ◽  
Zsuzsanna Schwarz-Sommer ◽  
Alfons Gierl ◽  
Isolde Bertram ◽  
Peter A. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Element System

scholarly journals The Hermes transposable element from the house fly, Musca domestica, is a short inverted repeat-type element of the hobo, Ac, and Tam3 (hAT) element family

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Warren ◽  
Peter W. Atkinson ◽  
David A. O'Brochta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Inverse Pcr ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Repeat Type ◽  
Genetic Tool ◽  
Element System

SummaryThe genome of the house fly, Musca domestica, contains an active transposable element system, called Hermes. Using PCR and inverse PCR we amplified and sequenced overlapping segments of several Hermes elements and from these data we have constructed a 2749 bp consensus Hermes DNA sequence. Hermes termini are composed of 17 bp imperfect inverted repeats that are almost identical to the inverted terminal repeats of the hobo element of Drosophila melanogaster. Full length Hermes elements contain a single long ORF capable of encoding a protein of 612 amino acids which is 55% identical to the amino acid sequence of the hobo transposase. Comparison of the ends of the Hermes and hobo elements to those of the Ac element of Zea mays, and the Tam3 element of Antirrhinum majus, as well as several other plant and insect elements, revealed a conserved terminal sequence motif. Thus Hermes is clearly a member of the hobo, Ac and Tam3 (hAT) transposable element family, other members of which include the Tagl element from Arabidopsis thaliana and the Bg element from Zea mays. The evolution of this class of transposable elements and the potential utility of Hermes as a genetic tool in M. domestica and related species are discussed.

STABLE NON-MUTATOR STOCKS OF MAIZE HAVE SEQUENCES HOMOLOGOUS TO THE Mu1 TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1021
Author(s):  
Vicki Chandler ◽  
Carol Rivin ◽  
Virginia Walbot
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Mutator Activity ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Initial Characterization ◽  
Element System ◽  
Intact Element ◽  
Internal Probe

ABSTRACT Mutator stocks of maize produce mutants at many loci at rates 20- to 50-fold above spontaneous levels. Current evidence suggests that this high mutation rate is mediated by an active transposable element system, Mu. Members of this transposable element family are found in ~10-60 copies in Mutator stocks. We report here an initial characterization of previously undetected sequences homologous to Mu elements in eight non-Mutator inbred lines and varieties of maize that have a normal low mutation rate. All stocks have ~40 copies of sequences homologous only to the terminal repeat and show weak homology to an internal probe. In addition, several of the stocks contain an intact Mu element. One intact Mu element and two terminal-specific clones have been isolated from one non-Mutator line, B37. The cloned sequences have been used to demonstrate that in genomic DNA the intact element, termed Mu1.4B37, is modified, such that restriction sites in its termini are not accessible to cleavage by the HinfI restriction enzyme. This modification is similar to that observed in Mutator lines that have lost activity. We hypothesize that the DNA modification of the Mu-like element may contribute to the lack of Mutator activity in B37.

scholarly journals Transposable Elements in Maize the?Activator-Dissociation (Ac-Ds) System

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Howard ◽  
E S Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Lower Eukaryotes ◽  
Element System ◽  
Controlling Element ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Living Organisms

Although unstable mutants in maize (Zea mays) were described as early as 1914 (Emerson 1914, 1917, 1929; Rhoades 1936, 1938), the first explanation of such mutants in terms of transposable DNA was provided by Barbara McClintock's elegant series of experiments on the activator-dissociation (Ac-Ds) controlling-element system of maize (McClintock 1947,1948, 1951). McClintock demonstrated genetically thatAc and Ds were short regions of DNA which could move (transpose) from one chromosomal location to another. McClintock also established that Ds could transpose only in response to the action of Ac (i.e. both elements were required in the same nucleus for Ds transposition), and that Ac could transpose autonomously (i.e. in the absence of Ds). A total of eight transposable element systems have been recognized in maize, the best characterized of which are Ac(Mp)Ds, Spm and Robertson's mutator (reviewed in Fedoroff 1983; Nevers et al. 1984). All but Robertson's mutator occur as two-element systems, similar to Ac-Ds. Transposable elements have now been shown to be widespread in living organisms-occurring in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes as well as other higher eukaryotes, including animals.

Specificity and Regulation of the Mutator Transposable Element System in Maize

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bennetzen ◽  
P. S. Springer ◽  
A. D. Cresse ◽  
M. Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Element System

Structure and Function of the En/Spm Transposable Element System of Zea Mays: Identification of the Suppressor Component of En

1988 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons Gierl ◽  
Heinrich Cuypers ◽  
Stephanie Lütticke ◽  
Andy Pereira ◽  
Zsuzsanna Schwarz-Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Element System ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Cloning of the Mutator transposable element MuA2, a putative regulator of somatic mutability of the a1-Mum2 allele in maize.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Qin ◽  
D S Robertson ◽  
A H Ellingboe
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Terminal Inverted Repeats ◽  
Somatic Instability ◽  
Mutator Activity ◽  
Element System ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract The identification of the autonomous or transposase-encoding element of the Mutator (Mu) transposable element system of maize is necessary to the characterization of the system. We reported previously that a transcript homologous to the internal region of the MuA element is associated with activity of the Mutator system. We describe here the cloning of another Mu element, designated MuA2, that cosegregates with Mutator activity as assayed by somatic instability of the a1-Mum2 allele. The MuA2 element has features typical of the transposable elements of the Mutator family, including the 210-bp terminal inverted repeats. Several lines of evidence suggest that MuA2 is an autonomous or transposase-encoding element of the Mu family: (1) MuA2 cosegregates with a genetically defined element that regulates somatic mutability of the a1-Mum2 allele; (2) MuA2 is hypomethylated while most other MuA2-hybridizing sequences in the genome are extensively methylated; (3) the increase of the copy number of MuA2 is concomitant with the increase of regulator elements; (4) MuA2-like elements are found in Mutator lines but not in non-Mutator inbreds. We propose that autonomous or transposase-encoding elements of the Mu family may be structurally conserved and MuA2-like.

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