Nonlinear continual growth model of nonuniformly scaled reliefs as applied to the rigorous analysis of the X-ray scattering intensity of multilayer mirrors and gratings

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Goray ◽  
M. N. Lubov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Multilayer Mirrors ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals GIWAXS-SIIRkit: scattering intensity, indexing and refraction calculation toolkit for grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering of organic materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Savikhin ◽  
Hans-Georg Steinrück ◽  
Ru-Ze Liang ◽  
Brian A. Collins ◽  
Stefan D. Oosterhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Learning Curve ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Intensity Normalization ◽  
Ray Scattering

Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) has become an increasingly popular technique for quantitative structural characterization and comparison of thin films. For this purpose, accurate intensity normalization and peak position determination are crucial. At present, few tools exist to estimate the uncertainties of these measurements. Here, a simulation package is introduced called GIWAXS-SIIRkit, where SIIR stands for scattering intensity, indexing and refraction. The package contains several tools that are freely available for download and can be executed in MATLAB. The package includes three functionalities: estimation of the relative scattering intensity and the corresponding uncertainty based on experimental setup and sample dimensions; extraction and indexing of peak positions to approximate the crystal structure of organic materials starting from calibrated GIWAXS patterns; and analysis of the effects of refraction on peak positions. Each tool is based on a graphical user interface and designed to have a short learning curve. A user guide is provided with detailed usage instruction, tips for adding functionality and customization, and exemplary files.

Interpretation of small-angle x-ray scattering intensity distribution from fluctuating lamellae in a ternary system: sodium octyl sulfate-water-decanol

Langmuir ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1899
Author(s):  
Eric Y. Sheu ◽  
Sow Hsin. Chen ◽  
Bruce L. Carvalho ◽  
J. S. Lin ◽  
Malcolm. Capel
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
System Sodium ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Small-angle X-ray scattering from GaN nanowires on Si(111): facet truncation rods, facet roughness and Porod's law

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Kaganer ◽  
Oleg V. Konovalov ◽  
Sergio Fernández-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Incidence Geometry ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gan Nanowires ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Orientational Distribution ◽  
Ray Scattering

Small-angle X-ray scattering from GaN nanowires grown on Si(111) is measured in the grazing-incidence geometry and modelled by means of a Monte Carlo simulation that takes into account the orientational distribution of the faceted nanowires and the roughness of their side facets. It is found that the scattering intensity at large wavevectors does not follow Porod's law I(q) ∝ q −4. The intensity depends on the orientation of the side facets with respect to the incident X-ray beam. It is maximum when the scattering vector is directed along a facet normal, reminiscent of surface truncation rod scattering. At large wavevectors q, the scattering intensity is reduced by surface roughness. A root-mean-square roughness of 0.9 nm, which is the height of just 3–4 atomic steps per micrometre-long facet, already gives rise to a strong intensity reduction.

Studies on Collagen Structure using X-Ray Scattering on a Closed-Loop Leather Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 373-379
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jenna Buchanan ◽  
Jiasheng Su ◽  
Zhuangdou Zhang ◽  
Geoff Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Waste management in leather processing is crucial in limiting the excess use of hazardous materials that lead to environmental pollution and health concerns. A closed-loop approach was developed to recycle the spent solutions from leather processing to reduce waste in the effluent. The structural changes of collagen that accompany such processing are yet to be studied and is crucial in understanding the closed-loop process and its subsequent leather properties. In this study, we analysed the collagen structure at different processing stages across the closed-loop approach using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. An increased filling effect in the collagen matrix was observed and attributed to the residual organic component and chromium species in recycled spent solutions. A high uptake of chromium was also observed from the increased scattering intensity from leathers treated with recycled chrome solution, indicating its efficient use. Additionally, the changes in scattering intensity from keratin and lipids indicated an effective unhairing process. Such findings on collagen structure changes will support the development of more environmentally and economically sustainable processing methods to benefit the leather industry.

Interference Effects in Neutron and X Ray Scattering

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (22) ◽  
pp. 2281-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Glyde
Keyword(s):  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Sum Rules ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Interference Term ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Ray Scattering

The properties of interference between the one and multiphonon contributions to the dynamic and static scattering functions, S(Q, ω) and S(Q), first considered by Ambegaokar et al., are discussed in detail for b.c.c 3He and 4He for comparison with recent neutron and proposed X ray scattering experiments. Calculations of interference for Na and of the Debye temperature appropriate to the Debye–Waller factor in b.c.c 3He are also presented. In all cases the on shell interference term which alters the one phonon scattering intensity is found to be more important than the off shell term which alters the one phonon line shape. This is characteristic of systems in which anharmonic effects produce a large phonon frequency shift but in which the phonon lifetimes remain long. The difficulty in establishing the one phonon sum rules experimentally in the presence of interference is emphasized. As noted by Horner, existing unusual variations of scattering intensity observed in solid 4He can be satisfactorily explained by taking account of interference and this difficulty without introducing an anomolous Debye–Waller factor. Comparisons with liquid 4He suggest a similar difficulty in establishing the sum rules there.

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