Structural Transformations and Valence States of Fe in Substituted Strontium Ferrite Sr2LaFe3O9 – δ

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1138-1143
Author(s):  
V. D. Sedykh ◽  
O. G. Rybchenko ◽  
N. V. Barkovskii ◽  
A. I. Ivanov ◽  
V. I. Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Strontium Ferrite ◽  
Valence States

Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA and its application

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
Chen Liqing ◽  
Liu Zuqin ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
State Analysis

Valence state analyses of Fe and Mn in oxides by EPMA have been reported in literature. In this paper, the effects of valence state on intensity ratios ILα/IKα and ILα/ILβ of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and their oxides, and on intensity ratios ILβ2/ILα1 and ILγ1/ILα1 of Mo, Nb, Zr and their oxides were studied. It was observed that intensity ratios change with valence states in accordance with some regularities, and these effects could be utilized for analyzing the valence states of catalysts.Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA is based on the fact that changes in the states of valence electrons in the outer shells of an atom cause corresponding changes in line intensities. The M electrons of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and the N electrons of Mo, Nb, Zr are valence electrons. Line Kα1,2 and six lines of L are produced from the transitions of K-L2,3 and L-M or L-N respectively.

Structural Transformation of a Germanium Σ=13 (510) [001] Tilt Grain Boundary under the Electron Beam

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Rouvière ◽  
Alain Bourret
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Tilt Grain Boundary

The possible structural transformations during the sample preparations and the sample observations are important issues in electron microscopy. Several publications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) have reported that structural transformations and evaporation of the thin parts of a specimen could happen in the microscope. Diffusion and preferential etchings could also occur during the sample preparation.Here we report a structural transformation of a germanium Σ=13 (510) [001] tilt grain boundary that occurred in a medium-voltage electron microscopy (JEOL 400KV).Among the different (001) tilt grain boundaries whose atomic structures were entirely determined by High Resolution Electron Microscopy (Σ = 5(310), Σ = 13 (320), Σ = 13 (510), Σ = 65 (1130), Σ = 25 (710) and Σ = 41 (910), the Σ = 13 (510) interface is the most interesting. It exhibits two kinds of structures. One of them, the M-structure, has tetracoordinated covalent bonds and is periodic (fig. 1). The other, the U-structure, is also tetracoordinated but is not strictly periodic (fig. 2). It is composed of a periodically repeated constant part that separates variable cores where some atoms can have several stable positions. The M-structure has a mirror glide symmetry. At Scherzer defocus, its HREM images have characteristic groups of three big white dots that are distributed on alternatively facing right and left arcs (fig. 1). The (001) projection of the U-structure has an apparent mirror symmetry, the portions of good coincidence zones (“perfect crystal structure”) regularly separate the variable cores regions (fig. 2).

Valence states of O2 Feynman's way

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1577-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS SORENSEN ◽  
WALTER ENGLAND
Keyword(s):  
Valence States

Study of the structural degradation of steel 15Kh5M upon continuous duty

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kim ◽  
Valeriya V. Lysenko ◽  
Anna A. Afanaseva ◽  
Khasan I. Turkmenov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Structural Degradation ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Multifractal Spectra ◽  
Steel 15Kh5m ◽  
Complex Indicators

Structural degradation of the material upon long-term thermal and force impacts is a complex process which includes migration of the grain boundaries, diffusion of the active elements of the external and technological environment, hydrogen embrittlement, aging, grain boundary corrosion and other mechanisms. Application of the fractal and multifractal formalism to the description of microstructures opens up wide opportunities for quantitative assessment of the structural arrangement of the material, clarifies and reveals new aspects of the known mechanisms of structural transformations. Multifractal parameterization allows us to study the processes of structural degradation from the images of microstructures and identify structural changes that are hardly distinguishable visually. Any quantitative structural indicator can be used to calculate the multifractal spectra of the microstructure, but the most preferable is that provides the maximum range of variation in the numerical values of the multifractal components. The results of studying structural degradation of steel 15Kh5M upon continuous duty are presented. It is shown that structural degradation of steel during operation under high temperatures and stresses is accompanied by enlargement of the microstructural objects, broadening of the grain boundaries and allocation of the dispersed particles which are represented as point objects in the images. The processes of structural degradation lead to an increase in the range of changes in the components of the multifractal spectra. High values of complex indicators of structural arrangement indicate to an increase in heterogeneity and randomness at the micro-scale level, but at the same time, to manifestation of the ordered combinations of individual submicrostructures. Those structural transformations adapt the material to external impacts and provide the highest reliability and fracture resistance of the material.

Structural transformations in aluminum and silicon oxides in microwave fields

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
O. N. Kanygina ◽  
◽  
M. M. Filyak ◽  
A. G. Chetverikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Silicon Oxides
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