The History of Vegetation in Ulyanovsk and Its Environs

The postglacial history of vegetation in the Yale area of the lower Fraser River Canyon is described from sediments of two lakes using percentage pollen analysis supplemented with macrofossil evidence and radiocarbon dating. Deposition of postglacial sediments, ranging from basal clays to gyttjas, began about 11 500 y B.P. Three distinct pollen assemblage zones are distinguished, reflecting in part the main climatic conditions for the intervals. The oldest zone, with high percentages of pine (Pinus) and alder (Alnus) pollen, suggests cool and moist conditions following withdrawal of glacial ice. This is followed by marked increases in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga), grasses and other nonarboreal pollen, suggesting in part, warmer and drier conditions. The third zone, ranging from about the Mt. Mazama ash at 6600 y B.P. to the present, is marked by high alder and Douglas-fir, and increasing cedar (Thuja-Chamaecyparis type), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), fir (Abies) and birch; an assemblage indicating a return to wetter conditions. This sequence contrasts with previously described successions that recognized the classical Hypsithermal in adjacent areas. The sequence of inferred vegetational changes, although similar to those described for the Haney area to the west, suggests that the Yale area has been a biogeoclimatically transitional area for much of postglacial time.

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Household Economy, Long-Term Change, and Social Transformation: The Bronze Age Political Economy of Northwestern Europe

Nature and Culture ◽

10.3167/nc.2007.020204 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 161-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kristian Kristiansen

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Social Transformation ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Term Change ◽

History Of Vegetation ◽

History Of ◽

Triggering Factor ◽

The Bronze Age

In this article I examine how long-term economic strategies in the Bronze Age of northern Europe between 2300 and 500 BCE transformed the environment and thus created and imposed new ecological constraints that finally led to a major social transformation and a "dark age" that became the start of the new long-term cycle of the Iron Age. During the last 30 years hundreds of well-excavated farmsteads and houses from south Scandinavia have made it possible to reconstruct the size and the structure of settlement and individual households through time. During the same period numerous pollen diagrams have established the history of vegetation and environmental changes. I will therefore use the size of individual households or farmsteads as a parameter of economic strength, and to this I add the role of metal as a triggering factor in the economy, especially after 1700 BCE when a full-scale bronze technology was adopted and after 500 BCE when it was replaced by iron as the dominant metal. A major theoretical concern is the relationships between micro- and macroeconomic changes and how they articulated in economic practices. Finally the nature of the "dark age" during the beginning of the Iron Age will be discussed, referring to Sing Chew's use of the concept (Chew 2006).

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HISTORY OF VEGETATION

Conversations on Chemistry ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511711602.010 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 243-275

Author(s):

Jane Haldimand Marcet

Keyword(s):

History Of Vegetation ◽

History Of

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History of vegetation and habitat change in the Austral-Asian region

Quaternary International ◽

10.1016/s1040-6182(03)00133-2 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 118-119 ◽

pp. 103-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

Geoffrey Hope ◽

A.Peter Kershaw ◽

Sander van der Kaars ◽

Sun Xiangjun ◽

Ping-Mei Liew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Habitat Change ◽

Asian Region ◽

History Of Vegetation ◽

History Of

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Notes on Late Wisconsin and Early Holocene History of Vegetation in Canada

Arctic and Alpine Research ◽

10.1080/00040851.1973.12003701 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 201-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. Terasmae

Keyword(s):

Early Holocene ◽

History Of Vegetation ◽

History Of

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Vegetation history of Western Russia (Upper Dnieper, Smolensk region): Climate and human impact on landscape in last two millennia

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-14384 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nikita Lavrenov ◽

Ekaterina Ershova ◽

Margarita Zhuravkova ◽

Nikolay Krenke

Keyword(s):

Human Impact ◽

Pollen Analysis ◽

Vegetation History ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Analysis Data ◽

History Of Vegetation ◽

Modern Analogue ◽

First Results ◽

History Of ◽

Indigenous Forest

Climate and vegetation history of Upper Dnieper region (Western Russia) is investigated poorly while archaeological studies provide evidences of human activities during last 3 millennia. Our study presents vegetation reconstruction based on pollen analysis of sediments extracted from two sites in Smolensk region. The first site is located in Katynka river bassin and pollen analysis of extracted buried soil, alluvium and peat sediments demonstrates vegetation dynamics in archaeologically rich area over 5 millennia. The second site is located in 50 km from to the west from Smolensk and in 15 km to east from the Russian-Belarus state border. The analysis of extracted peat sediments presents regional history of vegetation. The aim of our study is to compare data obtained from both sites and to estimate climate and human influence on vegetation during last two millennia when activities associated with agriculture changed Dnieper valley landscape significantly.The first results of pollen analysis data of the first site allow to register significant human impact on vegetation 2.0-0.8 ka BP. Before that period pollen of indigenous forest trees dominates in spectra while since 2.0 ka BP pollen compassion changes dramatically and pollen of Betula and Pinus is in majority in so-called &#8220;Gnezdovo soil&#8221; lay. Medieval lays of sapropel contains mostly pollen of Pinus with admixture of Betula and Alnus. Taxonomic diversity and presence of meadow herbs, weeds and cultivated taxa pollen increases significantly (up to 30%). Dynamics of pollen composition in specimens from the second site allows us to register slow processes of indigenous vegetation recovery over last 3 centuries approximately. Modern analogue technique applied on pollen data and analysis of historical data makes possible to separate impacts of climate and human on vegetation of the past and to reconstruct the climate of last two millennia.The study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-34-90172.

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A postglacial history of vegetation and bog formation at Point Escuminac, New Brunswick

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e91-141 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1572-1582 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Barry G. Warner ◽

Kimmo Tolonen ◽

Mirjami Tolonen

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

Radiocarbon Dating ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Postglacial History ◽

History Of Vegetation ◽

Ombrotrophic Bog ◽

History Of ◽

Northern Edge ◽

Woodland Communities

Radiocarbon dating and analyses of fossils contained in peat cliffs establish the history of peatland formation and development at the northern edge of Point Escuminac, New Brunswick. A 532 cm radiocarbon-dated mineral sediment and peat sequence, the oldest of four sections studied, yielded pollen and macrofossils that record bog development from 11 000 BP. The earliest landscape was open Juniperus shrubland. Picea was the first tree to move into the area, forming woodland communities by 10 200 BP and closed coniferous forests with Abies by 9200 BP. An early counterpart of the modern Acadian forests was in place by 6500 BP and was fully developed by 2900 BP when Fagus spread through the area. Shallow freshwater, open wetland communities acted as nuclei for the development of fen near the centre of the peninsula. Transformation into an ombrotrophic bog started around 6500 BP and was completed by 4700 BP, after which time the bog spread laterally by paludification onto higher parts of the peninsula.

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