Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture at St25 and Cv12 in a Rat Model of Postinflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome Visceral Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwei Zhu ◽  
Zhibin Liu ◽  
Yifei Qin ◽  
Wenmin Niu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Visceral Hyperalgesia ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background Treatment with electroacupuncture (EA) at ST25 and CV12 has a significant analgesic effect on postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) visceral pain. Enterochromaffin (EC) cells and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) are important in the development of visceral hyperalgesia. Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and underlying mechanisms of EA at ST25 and CV12 on the treatment of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced PI-IBS visceral hyperalgesia in rats. Methods After EA at ST25 and CV12, changes in abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), electromyography (EMG) recordings, colonic EC cell numbers, and expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) of TNBS-induced PI-IBS visceral hyperalgesia in rats were examined. Results The results of AWR tests and EMG recordings indicated a significant analgesic effect of EA stimulation at ST25 and CV12on PI-IBS visceral hyperalgesia (p<0.05). In addition, the increased EC cell numbers and colonic expression of TPH and 5-HT in rats with TNBS-induced PI-IBS visceral hyperalgesia were significantly reduced by EA (p<0.05). Conclusions EA stimulation at ST25 and CV12 can attenuate visceral hyperalgesia. This analgesic effect may be mediated via reduction of both colonic EC cell number and 5-HT concentration.

scholarly journals JCM-16021, a Chinese Herbal Formula, Attenuated Visceral Hyperalgesia in TNBS-Induced Postinflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome through Reducing Colonic EC Cell Hyperplasia and Serotonin Availability in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yan Qin ◽  
Hai-Tao Xiao ◽  
Fung-Ping Leung ◽  
Zhi-Jun Yang ◽  
Justin C. Y. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Visceral Hyperalgesia ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Chinese Herbal Formula ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of JCM-16021, a revised traditional Chinese herbal formula, on postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) in rats. The trinitrobenzene sulfonic (TNBS) acid-induced PI-IBS model rats were orally administrated with different doses of JCM-16021 (1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g/kg/d) for 14 consecutive days. The results showed that JCM-16021 treatment dose-dependently attenuated visceral hyperalgesia in PI-IBS rats. Further, the colonic enterochromaffin (EC) cell number, serotonin (5-HT) content, tryptophan hydroxylase expression, and mechanical-stimuli-induced 5-HT release were significantly ameliorated. Moreover, the decreased levels of mucosal cytokines in PI-IBS, especially the helper T-cell type 1- (Th1-) related cytokine TNF-α, were also elevated after JCM-16021 treatment. These data demonstrate that the analgesic effect of JCM-16021 on TNBS-induced PI-IBS rats may be medicated via reducing colonic EC cell hyperplasia and 5-HT availability.

Effects of Electroacupuncture at St25 and Bl25 in a Sennae-induced rat model of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwei Zhu ◽  
Zhibin Liu ◽  
Wenmin Niu ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Aimin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Paracrine Signalling ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Small Intestine Transit

Background Electroacupuncture (EA) may have a role in the treatment of diarrhoea symptoms. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter and paracrine signalling molecule in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which initiates peristaltic, secretory, vasodilatory, vagal and nociceptive reflexes. In addition, according to the results of our previous report, EA stimulation mediates GI peristalsis by increasing expression of 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). Aim To investigate the effect of EA at acupuncture points ST25 and BL25 in a rat model of diarrhoea. Methods A diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model was induced by Folium Sennae in 24 rats, which remained untreated (n=6) or received EA at ST25 (n=6), BL25 (n=6) or the combination of ST25 and BL25 (n=6). A control group of healthy rats was also included (n=6). After treatment, changes in loose stool and small intestine transit rates, enterochromaffin (EC) cell number, expression of TPH, and faecal/colonic 5-HT contents were measured. Results Loose stool and small intestine transit rates, EC cell numbers, colonic TPH expression and faecal/colonic 5-HT content of IBS-D rats were significantly increased relative to controls (p<0.05) and all these parameters were improved by EA at ST25, BL25, or ST25 and BL25 in combination (all p<0.05 vs untreated IBS-D rats). Conclusions EA at ST25 and/or BL25 had a positive effect on objective markers of diarrhoea in a IBS-D rat model and induced changes in EC cell number, colonic TPH and 5-HT contents. The effects of EA stimulation at ST25/BL25 on IBS-D rats may be mediated by excitation of sympathetic nerves.

scholarly journals Study on the Mechanism Underlying the Regulation of the NMDA Receptor Pathway in Spinal Dorsal Horns of Visceral Hypersensitivity Rats by Moxibustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Wang ◽  
J. M. Zhao ◽  
R. J. Huang ◽  
L. Y. Tan ◽  
Z. H. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Visceral Hyperalgesia ◽  
Spinal Dorsal ◽  
Dorsal Horns ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Visceral hypersensitivity is enhanced in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Treatment of IBS visceral pain by moxibustion methods has a long history and rich clinical experience. In the clinic, moxibustion on the Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) acupoints can effectively treat bowel disease with visceral pain and diarrhea symptoms. To investigate the regulatory function of moxibustion on the Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) acupoints on spinal cord NR1, NR2B, and PKCεprotein and mRNA expression in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) visceral hypersensitivity rats, we did some research. In the study, we found that moxibustion effectively relieved the IBS visceral hyperalgesia status of rats. Analgesic effect of moxibustion was similar to intrathecal injection of Ro 25-6981. The expression of NR1, NR2B, and PKCεin the spinal dorsal horns of IBS visceral hyperalgesia rats increased. Moxibustion on the Tianshu and Shangjuxu acupoints might inhibit the visceral hypersensitivity, simultaneously decreasing the expression of NR1, NR2B, and PKCεin spinal cord of IBS visceral hyperalgesia rats. Based on the above experimental results, we hypothesized NR1, NR2B, and PKCεof spinal cord could play an important role in moxibustion inhibiting the process of central sensitization and visceral hyperalgesia state.

Electroacupuncture Relieves Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Regulating IL-18 and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in a Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Post-Inflammatory Animal Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fang Song ◽  
Li-Xia Pei ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Hao Geng ◽  
Meng-Qian Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Colorectal Distention ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Post inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), a subset of IBS, is characterized by symptoms of visceral pain, bloating, and changed bowel habits that occur post initial episode of intestinal infection. Gut microbial dysbiosis or inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of abdominal hypersensitivity of PI-IBS. Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation results in an alleviated PI-IBS-associated symptom. This study investigated the effect of EA on IL-18 and gut microbial dysbiosis in one visceral hypersensitive rat models with PI-IBS. A trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced visceral hypersensitivity rat model was developed. EA stimulation was applied to the ST25 and ST36 acupoints. Animals were assessed using abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores to determine the development of colonic visceral hypersensitivity. The 16S rRNA was used to correlate microbial diversity. IL-18 expression in colon was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. We identified that model rats had an increased visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distention at different distention pressures compared with the normal group. Sensitivity to colorectal distention decreased after EA stimulation. The composition of the fecal microbiota was different between groups. Specifically, in the model group Empedobacter, Psychrobacter, Enterococcus, Butyricimonas, Vampirovibrio, Kurthia, Intestinimonas, Neisseria, Falsiporphyromonas, Bilophila, Fusobacterium, Alistipes, Veillonella, Flavonifractor, Clostridium XlVa were more abundant affected genera, whereas Lactobacillus was enriched in normal rats. EA stimulation was correlated with significant decrease in the phyla of Fusobacteria. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-18 were higher in the model group. Meanwhile, EA stimulation attenuated this response. In a word, our findings suggest that PI-IBS is associated with significant increase in IL-18 levels as well as an alteration in microbiome diversity. These changes can be reversed with EA treatment. EA stimulation has a positive effect in alleviating symptoms of visceral hypersensitivity and protecting the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Involvement of Mucosal Flora and Enterochromaffin Cell of Cecum and Descending Colon in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingze Yang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Lixiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Enterochromaffin Cell ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The comparison between microbiota of cecal and colonic mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was rarely studied. In addition, enterochromaffin (EC) cell had interaction with IBS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among gut microbiota, EC cell and diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) symptoms in cecum and descending colon. Methods: Biopsies from cecum and descending colon were taken during endoscopy withdrawal. We assessed EC cell numbers, expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and microbial diversity.Results: Total of 22 IBS-D patients and 22 health controls (HCs) were enrolled. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group (4.91% vs. 2.20%, P = 0.04763) of cecum increased in IBS-D, while Raoultella (1.58% vs. 1.76%, P = 0.03117) and Fusobacterium (0.12% vs. 1.66%, P = 0.01892) were less abundant. In descending colon, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_torques_group (5.94% vs. 2.29%, P = 0.04183) and Dorea (2.68% vs. 1.14%, P = 0.04962) of IBS-D increased but Fusobacterium (1.52% vs. 1.89%, P = 0.0345) decreased. EC cells number in cecum of IBS-D was higher than that in HCs and TPH1 level of IBS-D was higher than that of HCs in cecum and descending colon. Correlation analysis showed that Ruminococcus_torques_group were positively associated with HAM-A (r= 0.66, P = 0.004), HAM-D (r= 0.61, P = 0.009), EC cell number (r= 0.49, P = 0.047), IBS-SSS (r= 0.65, P = 0.004), Degree of Abdominal Pain (r = 0.63, P = 0.007), Frequency of Abdominal Pain (r = 0.63, P = 0.007), Frequency of Defecation (r = 0.60, P = 0.011). The abundance of Dorea were positively associated with EC cell number (r = 0.57, P = 0.018), IBS-SSS (r = 0.52, P = 0.034), HAM-A (r = 0.72, P = 0.001), HAM-D (r = 0.59, P = 0.012), Frequency of Abdominal Pain (r = 0.67, P = 0.003).Conclusions: EC cells number increased in IBS-D patients and the expression of TPH1 was higher than HCs. In addition, our results suggested Ruminococcus_torques_group and Dorea may be targets for treatment of IBS-D but still need further studies.

Recent advances in the pathophysiology of visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Valdez-Morales ◽  
Tonatiuh Barrios-García ◽  
Alma Barajas-Espinosa ◽  
Raquel Guerrero Alba
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals New ibuprofen derivatives with thiazolidine-4-one scaffold with improved pharmaco-toxicological profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana-Mirela Vasincu ◽  
Maria Apotrosoaei ◽  
Sandra Constantin ◽  
Maria Butnaru ◽  
Liliana Vereștiuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Thermal Nociception ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Aryl-propionic acid derivatives with ibuprofen as representative drug are very important for therapy, being recommended especially for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. On other hand 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one scaffold is an important heterocycle, which is associated with different biological effects such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antioxidant, antiviral, antiproliferative, antimicrobial etc. The present study aimed to evaluated the toxicity degree and the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of new 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one derivatives of ibuprofen. Methods For evaluation the toxicity degree, cell viability assay using MTT method and acute toxicity assay on rats were applied. The carrageenan-induced paw-edema in rat was used for evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect while for analgesic effect the tail-flick test, as thermal nociception in rats and the writhing assay, as visceral pain in mice, were used. Results The toxicological screening, in terms of cytotoxicity and toxicity degree on mice, revealed that the ibuprofen derivatives (4a-n) are non-cytotoxic at 2 μg/ml. In addition, ibuprofen derivatives reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, for most of them the maximum effect was recorded at 4 h after administration which means they have medium action latency, similar to that of ibuprofen. Moreover, for compound 4d the effect was higher than that of ibuprofen, even after 24 h of administration. The analgesic effect evaluation highlighted that 4 h showed increased pain inhibition in reference to ibuprofen in thermal (tail-flick assay) and visceral (writhing assay) nociception models. Conclusions The study revealed for ibuprofen derivatives, noted as 4 m, 4 k, 4e, 4d, a good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and also a safer profile compared with ibuprofen. These findings could suggest the promising potential use of them in the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions.

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