scholarly journals Strengthening health security: an intuitive and user-friendly tool to estimate country-level costs

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e000864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Katz ◽  
Ellie Graeden ◽  
Stephanie Eaneff ◽  
Justin Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
International Health ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Country Level ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Health Regulations

Member States of the WHO working to build capacity under the International Health Regulations (IHR) are advised to develop prioritised, costed plans to implement improvements based on the results of voluntary external assessments. Defining the costs associated with capacity building under the IHR, however, has challenged nations, funders and supporting organisations. Most current efforts to develop costed national action plans involve long-term engagements that may take weeks or months to complete. While these efforts have value in and of themselves, there is an urgent need for a rapid-use tool to provide cost estimates regardless of the level of expertise of the personnel assigned to the task. In this paper, we describe a tool that can—in a matter of hours—provide country-level cost estimates for capacity building under the IHR. This paper also describes how the tool can be used in countries, as well as the challenges inherent in any costing process.

scholarly journals Action-Based Costing for National Action Plans for Health Security: Accelerating Progress Toward the International Health Regulations (2005)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S-53-S-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Lee ◽  
Rebecca Katz ◽  
Stephanie Eaneff ◽  
Michael Mahar ◽  
Olubunmi Ojo
Keyword(s):  
International Health ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Health Regulations

scholarly journals Mind the gap: an analysis of core capacities of the international health regulations (2005) to respond to outbreaks in Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Noman ◽  
Fekri Dureab ◽  
Iman Ahmed ◽  
Abdulwahed Al Serouri ◽  
Taha Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Regulations

Abstract Background Yemen that has been devastated by war is facing various challenges to respond to the recent potential outbreaks and other public health emergencies due to lack of proper strategies and regulations, which are essential to public health security. The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) core capacities under the current ongoing conflict in Yemen. Methods The study simulated the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool to assess the IHR core capacities in Yemen. Qualitative research methods were used, including desk reviews, in-depth interviews with key informants and analysis of the pooled data. Result Based on the assessment of the three main functions of the IHR framework (prevention, detection, and response), Yemen showed a demonstrated or developed capacity to detect outbreaks, but nevertheless limited or no capacity to prevent and respond to outbreaks. Conclusion This study shows that there has been poor implementation of IHR in Yemen. Therefore, urgent interventions are needed to strengthen the implementation of the IHR core capacities in Yemen. The study recommends 1) raising awareness among national and international health staff on the importance of IHR; 2) improving alignment of INGO programs with government health programs and aligning both towards better implementation of the IHR; 3) improving programmatic coordination, planning and implementation among health stakeholders; 4) increasing funding of the global health security agenda at country level; 5) using innovative approaches to analyze and address gaps in the disrupted health system, and; 6) addressing the root cause of the collapse of the health services and overall health system in Yemen by ending the protracted conflict situation.

scholarly journals Developing a multisectoral National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) to implement the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e000600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneth M Mghamba ◽  
Ambrose O Talisuna ◽  
Ludy Suryantoro ◽  
Grace Elizabeth Saguti ◽  
Martin Muita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
International Health ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Health Security ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Health Regulations

The Ebola outbreak in West Africa precipitated a renewed momentum to ensure global health security through the expedited and full implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) in all WHO member states. The updated IHR (2005) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework was shared with Member States in 2015 with one mandatory component, that is, States Parties annual reporting to the World Health Assembly (WHA) on compliance and three voluntary components: Joint External Evaluation (JEE), After Action Reviews and Simulation Exercises. In February 2016, Tanzania, was the first country globally to volunteer to do a JEE and the first to use the recommendations for priority actions from the JEE to develop a National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) by February 2017. The JEE demonstrated that within the majority of the 47 indicators within the 19 technical areas, Tanzania had either ‘limited capacity’ or ‘developed capacity’. None had ‘sustainable capacity’. With JEE recommendations for priority actions, recommendations from other relevant assessments and complementary objectives, Tanzania developed the NAPHS through a nationwide consultative and participatory process. The 5-year cost estimate came out to approximately US$86.6 million (22 million for prevent, 50 million for detect, 4.8 million for respond and 9.2 million for other IHR hazards and points of entry). However, with the inclusion of vaccines for zoonotic diseases in animals increases the cost sevenfold. The importance of strong country ownership and committed leadership were identified as instrumental for the development of operationally focused NAPHS that are aligned with broader national plans across multiple sectors. Key lessons learnt by Tanzania can help guide and encourage other countries to translate their JEE priority actions into a realistic costed NAPHS for funding and implementation for IHR (2005).

scholarly journals Global health security and the International Health Regulations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andrus ◽  
Ximena Aguilera ◽  
Otavio Oliva ◽  
Sylvain Aldighieri
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Health Regulations

scholarly journals The potential effectiveness of the WHO International Health Regulations capacity requirements on control of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of 114 countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 014107682199245
Author(s):  
Martin CS Wong ◽  
Junjie Huang ◽  
Sunny H Wong ◽  
Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
International Health ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Security ◽  
First Case ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Health Regulations

Objectives We examined if the WHO International Health Regulations (IHR) capacities were associated with better COVID-19 pandemic control. Design Observational study. Setting Population-based study of 114 countries. Participants General population. Main outcome measures For each country, we extracted: (1) the maximum rate of COVID-19 incidence increase per 100,000 population over any 5-day moving average period since the first 100 confirmed cases; (2) the maximum 14-day cumulative incidence rate since the first case; (3) the incidence and mortality within 30 days since the first case and first COVID-19-related death, respectively. We retrieved the 13 country-specific International Health Regulations capacities and constructed linear regression models to examine whether these capacities were associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality, controlling for the Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product, the population density, the Global Health Security index, prior exposure to SARS/MERS and Stringency Index. Results Countries with higher International Health Regulations score were significantly more likely to have lower incidence (β coefficient −24, 95% CI −35 to −13) and mortality (β coefficient −1.7, 95% CI −2.5 to −1.0) per 100,000 population within 30 days since the first COVID-19 diagnosis. A similar association was found for the other incidence outcomes. Analysis using different regression models controlling for various confounders showed a similarly significant association. Conclusions The International Health Regulations score was significantly associated with reduction in rate of incidence and mortality of COVID-19. These findings inform design of pandemic control strategies, and validated the International Health Regulations capacities as important metrics for countries that warrant evaluation and improvement of their health security capabilities.

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