scholarly journals Processing of positive newborn screening results: a qualitative exploration of current practice in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e044755
Author(s):  
Jane Chudleigh ◽  
Holly Chinnery ◽  
Pru Holder ◽  
Rachel S Carling ◽  
Kevin Southern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
The People ◽  
Timely Feedback ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Newborn Bloodspot Screening ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveTo explore current communication practices for positive newborn screening results from the newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) laboratory to clinicians to highlight differences, understand how the pathways are implemented in practice, identify barriers and facilitators and make recommendations for future practice and research.DesignA qualitative exploratory design was employed using semi-structured interviews.SettingThirteen NBS laboratories in England.ParticipantsSeventy-one clinicians; 22 NBS laboratory staff across 13 laboratories and 49 members of relevant clinical teams were interviewed.ResultsAssurance of quality and consistency was a priority for all NBS laboratories. Findings indicated variation in approaches to communicating positive NBS results from laboratories to clinical teams. This was particularly evident for congenital hypothyroidism and was largely influenced by local arrangements, resources and the fact individual laboratories had detailed standard operating procedures for how they work. Obtaining feedback from clinical teams to the laboratory after the child had been seen could be challenging and time-consuming for those involved. Pathways for communicating carrier results for cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease could be ambiguous and inconsistent which in turn could hamper the laboratories efforts to obtain timely feedback regarding whether or not the result had been communicated to the family. Communication pathways for positive NBS results between laboratories and clinical teams could therefore be time-consuming and resource-intensive.ConclusionThe importance placed on ensuring positive NBS results were communicated effectively and in a timely fashion from the laboratory to the clinical team was evident from all participants. However, variation existed in terms of the processes used to report positive NBS results to clinical teams and the people involved. Variant practice identified may reflect local needs, but more often reflected local resources and a more consistent ‘best practice’ approach is required, not just in the UK but perhaps globally.Trial registration numberISRCTN15330120.

scholarly journals Adapting Cultural Heritage to Climate Change Risks: Perspectives of Cultural Heritage Experts in Europe

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sesana ◽  
Alexandre Gagnon ◽  
Chiara Bertolin ◽  
John Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Participatory Workshop ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
The Uk

Changes in rainfall patterns, humidity, and temperature, as well as greater exposure to severe weather events, has led to the need for adapting cultural heritage to climate change. However, there is limited research accomplished to date on the process of adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change. This paper examines the perceptions of experts involved in the management and preservation of cultural heritage on adaptation to climate change risks. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from the UK, Italy, and Norway as well as a participatory workshop with stakeholders. The results indicate that the majority of interviewees believe that adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change is possible. Opportunities for, barriers to, and requirements for adapting cultural heritage to climate change, as perceived by the interviewees, provided a better understanding of what needs to be provided and prioritized for adaptation to take place and in its strategic planning. Knowledge of management methodologies incorporating climate change impacts by the interviewees together with best practice examples in adapting cultural heritage to climate change are also reported. Finally, the interviewees identified the determinant factors for the implementation of climate change adaptation. This paper highlights the need for more research on this topic and the identification and dissemination of practical solutions and tools for the incorporation of climate change adaptation in the preservation and management of cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Qualitative exploration of health professionals’ experiences of communicating positive newborn bloodspot screening results for nine conditions in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Chudleigh ◽  
Holly Chinnery ◽  
Jim R Bonham ◽  
Ellinor Olander ◽  
Louise Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Service Provider ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Newborn Bloodspot Screening ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Time And Energy

ObjectiveTo explore health professionals’ experiences of communicating positive newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) results, highlight differences, share good practice and make recommendations for future research.DesignQualitative exploratory design was employed using semi-structured interviewsSettingThree National Health Service provider organisations in EnglandParticipantsSeventeen health professionals involved in communicating positive newborn bloodspot screening results to parents for all nine conditions currently included in the newborn bloodspot screening programme in England.ResultsFindings indicated variation in approaches to communicating positive newborn bloodspot screening results to parents, largely influenced by resources available and the lack of clear guidance. Health professionals emphasised the importance of communicating results to families in a way that is sensitive to their needs. However, many challenges hindered communication including logistical considerations; difficulty contacting the family and other health professionals; language barriers; parental reactions; resource considerations; lack of training; and insufficient time.ConclusionHealth professionals invest a lot of time and energy trying to ensure communication of positive newborn bloodspot screening results to families is done well. However, there continues to be great variation in the way these results are communicated to parents and this is largely influenced by resources available but also the lack of concrete guidance. How best to support health professionals undertaking this challenging and emotive task requires further exploration. We recommend evaluation of a more cohesive approach that meets the needs of parents and staff while being sensitive to the subtleties of each condition.Trial registration numberISRCTN15330120

scholarly journals Critical strategic issues for the integration of facilities management into the development process

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Paul Tucker ◽  
Mohd Rayme Anang Masuri ◽  
Alison Cotgrave
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical strategic issues for the integration of facilities management (FM) into the development process (DP). It explains the factors that limit the integration and recognises the best practices applied in the property development industry in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a qualitative research approach through semi-structured interviews from the FM and property development industry in the UK. Findings The study discovered that the recognition of FM in the property development industry is encouraging. However, FM has been given a low priority in the property development industry, resulting in facilities managers being inadequately integrated into the DP. Originality/value The paper suggests that it is imperative to understand these strategic issues to promote best practice in the industry that improve the position of FM in the property development industry.

scholarly journals Process evaluation of co-designed interventions to improve communication of positive newborn bloodspot screening results

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e050773
Author(s):  
Jane Chudleigh ◽  
Pru Holder ◽  
Louise Moody ◽  
Alan Simpson ◽  
Kevin Southern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Normalisation Process Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Service Provider ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Newborn Bloodspot Screening ◽  
Screening Result ◽  
Contextual Barriers

ObjectiveTo implement and evaluate co-designed interventions to improve communication of positive newborn bloodspot screening results and make recommendations for future research and practice.DesignA process evaluation underpinned by Normalisation Process Theory.SettingThree National Health Service provider organisations in England.ParticipantsTwenty-four healthcare professionals (7 newborn screening laboratory staff and 24 clinicians) and 18 parents were interviewed.InterventionsThree co-designed interventions were implemented in practice: standardised laboratory proformas, communication checklists and an email/letter template.Primary outcome measuresAcceptability and feasibility of the co-designed interventions.ResultsAuditing the implementation of these interventions revealed between 58%–76% of the items on the laboratory proforma and 43%–80% of items on the communication checklists were completed. Interviews with healthcare professionals who had used the interventions in practice provided positive feedback in relation to the purpose of the interventions and the ease of completion both of which were viewed as enhancing communication of positive newborn bloodspot screening results. Interviews with parents highlighted the perceived benefit of the co-designed interventions in terms of consistency, pacing and tailoring of information as well as providing reliable information to families following communication of the positive newborn bloodspot screening result. The process evaluation illuminated organisational and contextual barriers during implementation of the co-designed interventions in practice.ConclusionVariations in communication practices for positive newborn bloodspot screening results continue to exist. The co-designed interventions could help to standardise communication of positive newborn screening results from laboratories to clinicians and from clinicians to parents which in turn could improve parents’ experience of receiving a positive newborn bloodspot screening result. Implementation highlighted some organisational and contextual barriers to effective adoption of the co-designed interventions in practice.Trial registration numberISRCTN15330120.

Governing major transformation portfolios in practice: illustrations from the UK central government

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dicle Kortantamer
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Organisational Routines ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine major transformation portfolio governing practices. Previous research focuses on the structure of project portfolio governance and is relatively silent on micro-practices of governing. This paper intends to respond to this gap. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative case study draws upon practice approaches and the theoretical lens of organisational routines. The empirical inquiry is conducted across six major transformation portfolios in two UK central government departments. The data are collected through conducting semi-structured interviews and gathering documentary reports and analysed by adopting an abductive approach. Findings The findings highlight that two governing practices that have not been previously discussed in the literature: structuring the policy relationship and structuring the business relationship. These practices can be associated with the complex ownership system of the UK central government. The findings also show that in complex ownership systems owners may have different governing and supporting orientations. The micro-dynamics of these governing practices illustrate that the ecology of governing practices is complex, both in terms of the co-existence of complementary and competitive relationships between practices, and in terms of bundles of practices enacting different control regimes. Research limitations/implications This qualitative case study supports further inquiry into major transformation portfolio governing and complex ownership systems. Originality/value The paper adopts a governance-as-practice approach and examines governing major transformation portfolios.

scholarly journals Consumer involvement in dietary guideline development: opinions from European stakeholders

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A Brown ◽  
Maria Hermoso ◽  
Lada Timotijevic ◽  
Julie Barnett ◽  
Inger Therese L Lillegaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Consumer Involvement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Dietary Guideline ◽  
Consumer Organisations ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveThe involvement of consumers in the development of dietary guidelines has been promoted by national and international bodies. Yet, few best practice guidelines have been established to assist with such involvement.DesignQualitative semi-structured interviews explored stakeholders’ beliefs about consumer involvement in dietary guideline development.SettingInterviews were conducted in six European countries: the Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, Serbia, Spain and the UK.SubjectsSeventy-seven stakeholders were interviewed. Stakeholders were grouped as government, scientific advisory body, professional and academic, industry or non-government organisations. Response rate ranged from 45 % to 95 %.ResultsThematic analysis was conducted with the assistance of NVivo qualitative software. Analysis identified two main themes: (i) type of consumer involvement and (ii) pros and cons of consumer involvement. Direct consumer involvement (e.g. consumer organisations) in the decision-making process was discussed as a facilitator to guideline communication towards the end of the process. Indirect consumer involvement (e.g. consumer research data) was considered at both the beginning and the end of the process. Cons to consumer involvement included the effect of vested interests on objectivity; consumer disinterest; and complications in terms of time, finance and technical understanding. Pros related to increased credibility and trust in the process.ConclusionsStakeholders acknowledged benefits to consumer involvement during the development of dietary guidelines, but remained unclear on the advantage of direct contributions to the scientific content of guidelines. In the absence of established best practice, clarity on the type and reasons for consumer involvement would benefit all actors.

scholarly journals Implementing supply practice at Bridgend engine plant

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Howard ◽  
Mike Lewis ◽  
Joe Miemczyk ◽  
Alistair Brandon‐Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incident ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Component Supplier ◽  
The Uk

PurposeThis paper investigates the stalled adoption of a supplier park at Bridgend Engine Plant in the UK. It starts from the position that not all firms can or should implement the same set of practices.Design/methodology/approachCritical incident technique and semi‐structured interviews over five years were used to understand the influence of institutional and strategic choices during the implementation of a supplier park. A conceptual framework was developed to incorporate practices broadly associated with parks, i.e. improving supply stability, supply coordination, redefining the OEM/supplier boundary and enhancing interaction between co‐located firms.FindingsThe findings demonstrate a limited implementation of supply practices at Bridgend with only one component supplier brought onto the site. The original plan was to create a supplier park that would “grow” to an industrial park, creating an automotive sector in the area. However, a combination of operational, processual, and contextual factors have conspired against the plan.Research limitations/implicationsThe combination of a broad range of theoretical and practical elements means there are associated discussions that could be more fully explored. Condensing the interview notes has resulted in the researchers' own interpretation of events becoming a significant reality filter. Whilst single case studies raise inevitable concerns over comparability, our focus is on theoretical generalizability through richness of empirical data.Originality/valueAs firms continue to use best practice as a core ingredient of strategy, researchers must respond with robust theoretical concepts explaining adoption and implementation. This paper integrates disparate perspectives across multiple levels in order to build a richer and more believable picture of a stalled initiative. Three key conclusions can be drawn: the contingent nature of “bundles of practice” implications of political ambiguity over the efficiency argument and the effect of isomorphic or bandwagon responses by firms.

scholarly journals An investigation into agile learning processes and knowledge sharing practices to prevent identity theft in the online retail organisations

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Shah ◽  
Abdullah Maitlo ◽  
Paul Jones ◽  
Yahaya Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Agile Learning ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Lack of individual awareness of knowledge sharing practices to prevent identity theft is a significant issue for online retail organisations (OROs). Agile learning processes and sharing of knowledge is essential, but the lack of relevant training inhibits these processes within the online industry. This study aims to identify the inhibiting factors in agile learning and knowledge sharing process with recommendations for best practice for organisations and staff to effectively share knowledge on identity theft prevention. Design/methodology/approach Three qualitative case studies were undertaken in OROs in the UK. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, internal documents and related external material. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis method. Findings The findings identified that individual staff members within OROs from the information security and fraud prevention departments often share their knowledge as a community. However, there is no formal knowledge sharing process or any related training facilitating this exchange. There is a need for agile learning environment in OROs of the UK. Originality/value The study offers both theoretical and practical contributions to the extant literature of agile learning of knowledge sharing to prevent identity theft in OROs. Existing learning opportunities are not being used to enhance the knowledge of individuals, and OROs need to increase the skills and trust of their staff to share knowledge efficiently. This study identifies the systemic weaknesses inherent in the process of knowledge sharing and existing training provision within OROs. It provides ORO managers with practical guidelines in facilitating trust between individuals and developing appropriate training systems to educate staff on sharing organisational knowledge. This study contributes by extending the knowledge sharing framework proposed by Chong et al. (2011) for enhanced individual knowledge sharing processes to prevent identity theft within OROs. It also identifies OROs’ weaknesses in knowledge sharing learning processes for theft prevention and offers prevention guidelines and recommendations for developing effective agile learning environments.

Future challenges to asset investment in the UK water industry: the wastewater asset investment risk mitigation offered by minimising principal operating cost risks

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
The Uk

This paper defines challenges currently facing the water industry globally that will affect water industry asset investment and development now and in the near future. Those challenges include energy price volatility, climate change regulation, asset capital costs and strategic resource considerations. This paper presents potential answers to these challenges in the context of the UK water industry and described a methodology developed to assess them and provide accurate cost-benefit analysis. A best practice approach which allows sustainable investment to offer water utilities operational efficiency benefits, including cost benefits, is described and the critical elements of the best practice developed by the author identified.

scholarly journals Sheep farmers’ attitudes towards lameness control: Qualitative exploration of factors affecting adoption of the lameness Five-Point Plan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246798
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Best ◽  
Alison Z. Pyatt ◽  
Janet Roden ◽  
Malgorzata Behnke ◽  
Kate Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Barriers To Adoption ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
And Control

In 2014, best-practice recommendations to treat and control lameness in sheep in the UK were consolidated into a national program, the Five-Point Plan (5PP). As recent evidence suggests that only the minority of sheep farmers are implementing all management practices listed in the 5PP, qualitative investigation is vital to ensure future promotion is aligned with psychological and contextual factors affecting farmers’ decision-making. This qualitative study sought to explore farmers’ attitudes and the factors affecting uptake of best-practice measures listed in the 5PP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2019 with 12 sheep farmers from England and Wales. In accordance with Thematic Analysis and the principles of Grounded Theory, data collection and analysis were performed iteratively. Two overarching themes, delineated by subthemes, emerged during analysis; (1) Barriers to adoption of 5PP measures and (2) Motivation to adopt 5PP measures. Various farmer-centric factors and physical resources were identified as key barriers or obstacles that limited farmers’ ability to implement 5PP measures outright, or restricted their ability to make changes to facilitate future adoption. Conversely, internal and external influences were identified to increase farmers’ willingness and motivation to implement practices listed on the 5PP. Heterogeneity in farmer perceptions, attitudes, experiences and circumstances identified in this study highlights the difficulty in promoting a one-size-fits-all lameness control plan, where a unique combination of intrinsic factors, social influences, and physical restrictions affect implementation. Future initiatives should focus on removing barriers by changing farmers’ perceptions and mindset towards lameness control, and building farmers’ confidence in their ability to implement practices. Furthermore, farmers’ social licence to farm and their desire to improve their reputation within society, presents an important opportunity to further engage farmers in implementing control practices. Increasing peer-to-peer knowledge transfer opportunities and effective farmer-veterinarian communication and rapport could help establish 5PP measures as normative behaviours.

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