The Influence of Glucose and Crude Fibre (Wheat Bran) on the Rate of Intestinal 47Ca Absorption The Influence of Glucose and Wheat Bran on Calcium Absorption

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
M. A. Macleod ◽  
N. J. Blacklock
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Theoretical Possibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Negative Calcium Balance ◽  
Stone Formers

AbstractWith evidence of induction of increased urinary excretion of calcium by the ingestion of glucose and sucrose there is the theoretical possibility in these circumstances of at least a transient negative calcium balance. In this study the ingestion of glucose or glucose equivalent was found to stimulate 47Ca absorption from the intestine both in normal subjects and in idiopathic calcium stone formers. This induced increase in the rate of 47Ca absorption by glucose can be negated by the addition of crude fibre in the form of wheat bran.

Study of Circadian Rhythmicity of Urinary Excretion of Glycosaminoglycans in Normal Subjects and Stone Formers

Urolithiasis ◽  
1989 ◽  
pp. 243-243
Author(s):  
H. Sidhu ◽  
S. Vaidyanathan ◽  
A. K. Hemal ◽  
S. K. Thind ◽  
R. Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Stone Formers

Chemical factors important to calcium nephrolithiasis: evidence for impaired hydroxycarboxylic acid absorption causing hyperoxaluria.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Cowley ◽  
B C McWhinney ◽  
J M Brown ◽  
A H Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Hydroxycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Abstract An investigation of variables important to calcium stone formation in urine indicated significantly increased daily excretion of calcium and oxalate and decreased excretion of ascorbate and citrate by recurrent calcium stone formers. In addition, urine volume, sodium, mucopolysaccharide, and protein were also significantly increased. We compared the uptake of citrate and ascorbate from the gut into the blood in normal controls and stone formers. These studies indicated significantly depressed absorption of both these hydroxycarboxylic acids in recurrent calcium stone formers. We also found that concurrent administration of citrate inhibited ascorbate absorption and increased urinary oxalate excretion after an ascorbate load in normal subjects and stone formers. These findings suggest a mechanism that explains hyperoxaluria in stone patients on the basis of a malabsorption of citrate, ascorbate, and possibly other hydroxycarboxylic acids.

Urinary Adenosine Cyclic 3′,5′-Monophosphate in Idiopathic Calcium Stone-Formers: Response to An Oral Calcium Load

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Walker ◽  
R. A. L. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Oral Calcium ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lower Urinary

1. Idiopathic calcium stone-formers with hypercalciuria during fasting have significantly lower urinary cyclic AMP levels (nmol/dl of glomerular filtrate) than fasting normocalciuric stone-formers. 2. Female subjects, including both normal subjects and idiopathic calcium stone-formers, have higher urinary cyclic AMP levels than their male counterparts, and this difference is significant when urinary cyclic AMP is expressed in the units μmol/g of creatinine. Expressing urinary cyclic AMP in nmol/dl of glomerular filtrate reduces this difference but does not abolish it. Thus, in comparing urinary cyclic AMP levels in various subgroups of the calcium stone-formers and in normal subjects, both sex differences and the units of urinary cyclic AMP expression must be taken into consideration. 3. The magnitude of the change in urinary cyclic AMP in response to an oral calcium load appears to depend on the antecedent urinary cyclic AMP excretion rate, whereby those individuals (either normal subjects or calcium stone-formers) having the highest urinary cyclic AMP levels demonstrate the greatest fall in urinary cyclic AMP after a calcium load.

Oxalate Absorption and Postprandial Urine Supersaturation in An Experimental Human Model of Absorptive Hypercalciuria

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Erickson ◽  
Kerry Cooper ◽  
Arthur E. Broadus ◽  
Lynwood H. Smith ◽  
Peter G. Werness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Oxalate Absorption

1. The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] on dietary oxalate absorption and postprandial urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate was determined in 11 normal subjects. 2. 1,25-(OH)2D increased the urinary excretion of orally administered [14C]oxalate in the 8 h period after a liquid meal containing 1.875 mmol of calcium and 0.83 mmol of oxalate (P < 0.01), and during a 48 h period when the subjects ingested a diet containing 25 mmol of calcium and 3.3 mmol of oxalate/day (P < 0.01); however, 1,25-(OH)2D administration had no effect on [14C]oxalate excretion when calcium was removed from the liquid meal. 3. 1,25-(OH)2D increased 24 h urinary oxalate excretion from 28.7 ± 2.1 mmol/mol of creatinine to 36.8 ± 2.6 mmol/mol of creatinine (P < 0.05) on the 10 mmol/day calcium diet and from 26.4 ± 2.9 to 33.2 ± 2.2 mmol/mol of creatinine (P < 0.1) on the 25 mmol/day calcium diet. 4. A linear correlation (r = 0.72) was found between plasma 1,25-(OH)2D levels and urinary [14C]oxalate excretion after the liquid meal. 5. 1,25-(OH)2D administration produced postprandial supersaturation of urine with calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate crystalluria. 6. These studies suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D increases oxalate absorption (and urinary excretion) by increasing calcium absorption, which results in less binding of calcium to oxalate in the intestine; therefore more oxalate is available for absorption. The combined effect of increased calcium and oxalate absorption results in postprandial supersaturation of urine with calcium oxalate, with resultant crystalluria.

Excretion of urine extracellular vesicles bearing markers of activated immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology differ between calcium kidney stone formers and non-stone formers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiqing Zhang ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Muthuvel Jayachandran ◽  
Stanley Wang ◽  
Elena M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Backgrounds: Previous studies have demonstrated that excretion of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different nephron segments differs between kidney stone formers and non-stone formers (NSFs), and could reflect pathogenic mechanisms of urinary stone disease. In this study we quantified selected populations of specific urinary EVs carrying protein markers of immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology in calcium stone formers (CSFs) compared to non-stone formers (NSFs). Methods Incident CSFs (n = 24) and age- and sex- matched NSFs (n = 21) were studied. Clinical data were abstracted and biobanked cell-free urine samples were used to quantify specific urinary EV populations. EVs carrying proteins related to renal calcium/phosphorus physiology (phosphorus transporters (PiT1 and PiT2), Klotho, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)); markers associated with EV generation (anoctamin-4 (ANO4) and Huntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1)), and markers shed from activated immune cells were quantified by standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry. Results The urine pH of CSFs was lower than NSFs (P < 0.05), whereas urine excretion of calcium, phosphorus, and calcium oxalate and uric acid supersaturation (SS) were significantly higher in CSFs compared to NSFs (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of EVs with markers of total leukocytes (CD45), neutrophils (CD15), macrophages (CD68), Klotho, FGF23, PiT1, PiT2, and ANO4 were each markedly lower in CSFs than NSFs (P < 0.05) whereas excretion of those with markers of monocytes (CD14), T-Lymphocytes (CD3), B-Lymphocytes (CD19), plasma cells (CD138 plus CD319 positive ) were not different between the groups. Urinary excretion of EVs expressing PiT1 and PiT2 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with urinary phosphorus excretion whereas excretion of EVs expressing FGF23 correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with both urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. Conclusions Urinary excretion of EVs derived from specific types of activated immune cells and EVs with proteins related to calcium/phosphorus regulation were different between CSFs and NSFs. Thus, further validation of these and other populations of urinary EVs could identify biomarkers that elucidate novel pathogenic mechanisms of calcium stone formation in specific subsets of patients.

scholarly journals The Variability and Dietary Dependence of Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Recurrent Calcium Stone Formers

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Brown ◽  
G Stratmann ◽  
D M Cowley ◽  
B M Mottram ◽  
A H Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Twenty-two recurrent calcium stone formers had 24-h urinary oxalate excretions on their home diets which were significantly greater than those of 30 normal subjects (0·48±0·23 mmol/d; mean±SD compared with 0·31±0·11; P<0·01). The stone formers also demonstrated marked day to day variability in oxalate excretion indicating that a single normal urinary oxalate measurement did not exclude significant hyperoxaluria at other times. On a hospital diet containing 1000 mg calcium per day, urinary oxalate excretion fell significantly from 0·48±0·23 mmol/d to 0·32±0·12; P<0·01. As the urinary calcium excretion in and out of hospital was similar, it seems unlikely that low calcium intake at home was responsible for the hyperoxaluria. All patients had recurrent symptomatic stone disease and had been advised to avoid foods rich in oxalate. Whilst poor compliance is a possible explanation for the variability in oxalate excretion, we believe it is more likely that there is an inadvertent intake of oxalogenic precursors in their diet. As normal subjects do not demonstrate hyperoxaluria on similar home diets, stone formers may have a metabolic defect in the handling of these precursors.

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