extracellular vesicles
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2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 100593
Author(s):  
Maryam Javadi ◽  
Jafar Soleimani Rad ◽  
Maryam Pashaiasl ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Gholami Farashah ◽  
Leila Roshangar

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Qian ◽  
Guomin Li

Angiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor development and metastasis. Emerging evidence shows that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important component of tumor microenvironment, which participate in the communication between normal cells and tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of EVs derived from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) on tumor angiogenesis. We found that ESCC cell-derived EVs promoted the proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, and enhanced angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Our results suggest that ESCC cell-derived EVs could promote angio-genesis and tumor growth, which also indicated the application of EVs as a valuable therapeutic strategy of ESCC.


Author(s):  
Elena Campello ◽  
Claudia Maria Radu ◽  
Chiara Simion ◽  
Luca Spiezia ◽  
Cristiana Bulato ◽  
...  

Plasma concentrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from cells involved in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), their longitudinal trend and association with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Blood samples of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a medical Unit were longitudinally collected within 48 h of admission, at discharge and 30 days post-discharge. EVs were analyzed using high sensitivity flow cytometry and phospholipid-dependent clotting time (PPL). The following EVs were measured: endothelium-, platelet-, leukocyte-derived, bearing tissue factor (TF)+, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2)+, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGF-β)+ and SARS-CoV-2-nucleoprotein (NP)+. 91 patients were recruited for baseline EV analysis (mean age 67 ± 14 years, 50.5% male) and 48 underwent the longitudinal evaluation. From baseline to 30-days post-discharge, we observed significantly decreased plasma concentrations of endothelium-derived EVs (E-Selectin+), endothelium-derived bearing TF (E-Selectin+ TF+), endothelium-derived bearing ACE2 (E-Selectin+ACE2+) and leukocyte-EVs bearing TF (CD45+TF+), p < 0.001, p = 0.03, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively. Conversely, platelet-derived (P-Selectin+) and leukocyte-derived EVs (CD45+) increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (p = 0.038 and 0.032, respectively). EVs TF+, ACE2+, PDGF-β+, and SARS-CoV-2-NP+ did not significantly change during the monitoring. PPL increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (+ 6.3 s, p = 0.006). P-Selectin + EVs >1,054/µL were associated with thrombosis (p = 0.024), E-Selectin + EVs ≤531/µL with worsening/death (p 0.026) and 30-days P-Selectin+ and CD45 + EVs with persistent symptoms (p < 0.0001). We confirmed increased EVs originating from cells involved in CAC at admission and discharge. EVs derived from activated pericytes and expressing SARS-CoV-2-NP were also detected. 30-days post-discharge, endothelium-EVs decreased, while platelet- and leukocyte-EVs further increased, indicating that cellular activation persists long after the acute phase.


Author(s):  
Koichiro Tsutsumi ◽  
Eijiro Ueta ◽  
Hironari Kato ◽  
Kazuyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Shigeru Horiguchi ◽  
...  

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Premanshu Kumar Singh ◽  
Aarti Patel ◽  
Anastasia Kaffenes ◽  
Catherine Hord ◽  
Delaney Kesterson ◽  
...  

Advances in cancer research over the past half-century have clearly determined the molecular origins of the disease. Central to the use of molecular signatures for continued progress, including rapid, reliable, and early diagnosis is the use of biomarkers. Specifically, extracellular vesicles as biomarker cargo holders have generated significant interest. However, the isolation, purification, and subsequent analysis of these extracellular vesicles remain a challenge. Technological advances driven by microfluidics-enabled devices have made the challenges for isolation of extracellular vesicles an emerging area of research with significant possibilities for use in clinical settings enabling point-of-care diagnostics for cancer. In this article, we present a tutorial review of the existing microfluidic technologies for cancer diagnostics with a focus on extracellular vesicle isolation methods.


2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramana Vaka ◽  
Saad Khan ◽  
Bin Ye ◽  
Yousef Risha ◽  
Sandrine Parent ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Although 90% of infections with the novel coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) are mild, many patients progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which carries a high risk of mortality. Given that this dysregulated immune response plays a key role in the pathology of COVID-19, several clinical trials are underway to evaluate the effect of immunomodulatory cell therapy on disease progression. However, little is known about the effect of ARDS associated pro-inflammatory mediators on transplanted stem cell function and survival, and any deleterious effects could undermine therapeutic efficacy. As such, we assessed the impact of inflammatory cytokines on the viability, and paracrine profile (extracellular vesicles) of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, heart-derived cells, and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Methods All cell products were manufactured and characterized to established clinical release standards by an accredited clinical cell manufacturing facility. Cytokines and Extracellular vesicles in the cell conditioned media were profiled using proteomic array and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Using a survey of the clinical literature, 6 cytotoxic cytokines implicated in the progression of COVID-19 ARDS. Flow cytometry was employed to determine receptor expression of these 6 cytokines in three cell products. Based on clinical survey and flow cytometry data, a cytokine cocktail that mimics cytokine storm seen in COVID-19 ARDS patients was designed and the impact on cytokine cocktail on viability and paracrine secretory ability of cell products were assessed using cell viability and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Results Flow cytometry revealed the presence of receptors for all cytokines but IL-6, which was subsequently excluded from further experimentation. Despite this widespread expression, exposure of each cell type to individual cytokines at doses tenfold greater than observed clinically or in combination at doses associated with severe ARDS did not alter cell viability or extracellular vesicle character/production in any of the 3 cell products. Conclusions The paracrine production and viability of the three leading cell products under clinical evaluation for the treatment of severe COVID-19 ARDS are not altered by inflammatory mediators implicated in disease progression.


2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Hosseini ◽  
Maryam Ranjbar ◽  
Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand ◽  
Parina Asgharian ◽  
Soheila Montazersaheb ◽  
...  

AbstractClinical oncologists need more reliable and non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to follow-up cancer patients. However, the existing biomarkers are often invasive and costly, emphasizing the need for the development of biomarkers to provide convenient and precise detection. Extracellular vesicles especially exosomes have recently been the focus of translational research to develop non-invasive and reliable biomarkers for several diseases such as cancers, suggesting as a valuable source of tumor markers. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various living cells that can be found in all body fluids including serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites. Different molecular and genetic contents of their origin such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans in a stable form make exosomes a promising approach for various cancers’ diagnoses, prediction, and follow-up in a minimally invasive manner. Since exosomes are used by cancer cells for intercellular communication, they play a critical role in the disease process, highlighting the importance of their use as clinically relevant biomarkers. However, regardless of the advantages that exosome-based diagnostics have, they suffer from problems regarding their isolation, detection, and characterization of their contents. This study reviews the history and biogenesis of exosomes and discusses non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their potential as tumor markers in different types of cancer, with a focus on next generation sequencing (NGS) as a detection method. Moreover, the advantages and challenges associated with exosome-based diagnostics are also presented.


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