Ethics, human rights and HIV vaccine trials in low-income settings: Table 1

Background: HIV vaccine efficacy trials require the active participation of volunteers who are committed and adherent to the study protocol. However, information about the influence of Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials in low-income countries is inadequate. The present study explored the factors that motivate or hinder IDUs from participating in HIV vaccine efficacy trials in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design was employed among IDUs at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). A purposeful sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Three (3) focus group discussions (FGDs) and 10 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) were used to collect the data. The data from participants were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using the content analysis approach. Findings: The participants reported that altruism and the desire to reduce risks of HIV infection were the motivators to participate in hypothetical HIV vaccine trials. In addition, participants reported to consult close relatives towards motivation to participate in the vaccine trial. In contrast, the perceived fear of vaccine side effects, lack of information about HIV vaccine studies, and HIV-related stigma towards participants were described as barriers to participate in the HIV vaccine trials. Conclusion: Participation in a hypothetical HIV vaccine trial among IDUs is influenced by positive and negative factors. Actual recruitment plans could be made through a better explanation of HIV vaccine trials, the expected individual and collective benefits associated with the trials. Community involvement and sensitisation is likely to enhance participation in future HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania.

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Developing countries to decide on HIV vaccine trials

Inpharma Weekly ◽

10.2165/00128413-199409610-00005 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol &NA; (961) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

&NA;

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Hiv Vaccine ◽

Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽

Vaccine Trials

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A qualitative assessment of perspectives on the inclusion of adolescents in HIV vaccine trials in South Africa

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/ijsa.2009.008484 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 172-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H B Jaspan ◽

N F Soka ◽

C Mathews ◽

A J Flisher ◽

D Mark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Hiv Vaccine ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽

Vaccine Trials

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Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine research in a peri-urban South African community

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/095646206775809259 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 176-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J Smit ◽

K Middelkoop ◽

L Myer ◽

S Seedat ◽

L-G Bekker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Hiv Vaccine ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Vaccine Research ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽

Vaccine Trials ◽

Urban South ◽

African Community

Research on willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials is important in preparations for HIV vaccine research, but there are few data from sub-Saharan Africa. We interviewed 198 individuals in a peri-urban South African community immediately after enrolment into an HIV vaccine preparedness study on their willingness to participate in hypothetical vaccine trials. Overall 23% of participants ( n = 46) said that they would be willing to participate in an HIV vaccine trial. Willingness was associated with increasing age, male gender, and increasing knowledge about vaccines generally and HIV vaccines specifically. In multivariate analysis, a 1-unit increase in HIV vaccine knowledge score was associated with a 10-fold increase in willingness to participate (adjusted odds ratio, 10.72, 95% confidence intervals: 4.40–26.12). These results suggest that while willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials is relatively low in this setting, educational campaigns may have a substantial impact on individuals' willingness to participate in research.

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Contraceptive Use in Women Enrolled into Preventive HIV Vaccine Trials: Experience from a Phase I/II Trial in East Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0005164 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. e5164 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hannah Kibuuka ◽

David Guwatudde ◽

Robert Kimutai ◽

Lucas Maganga ◽

Leonard Maboko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

East Africa ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Hiv Vaccine ◽

Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽

Vaccine Trials

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“Why Don’t You Go Into Suburbs? Why Are You Targeting Us?”: Trust and Mistrust in HIV Vaccine Trials in South Africa

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics ◽

10.1177/1556264618804740 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 525-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Siyabonga Thabethe ◽

Catherine Slack ◽

Graham Lindegger ◽

Abigail Wilkinson ◽

Douglas Wassenaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Trial ◽

Hiv Vaccine ◽

Community Advisory Board ◽

Future Research ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽

Vaccine Trials ◽

Community Stakeholders ◽

Site Staff

Trust is a key element of high-quality stakeholder relations, which are themselves essential for the success of HIV vaccine trials. Where trust is absent, community stakeholders might not volunteer to become involved in key trial activities, and potential participants might not volunteer for enrollment. We explored site staff and Community Advisory Board (CAB) members’ experiences of trust/mistrust among community members and potential participants. We analyzed 10 focus group discussions with site staff and CAB members at two active South African HIV vaccine trial sites. We report on key characteristics perceived to contribute to the trustworthiness of communicators, as well as factors associated with mistrust. Attributes associated with trustworthy communicators included shared racial identity, competence, and independence (not being “captured”). Key foci for mistrust included explanations about site selection, stored samples, vaccination, and Vaccine Induced Sero-Positivity (VISP). Our findings suggest that community members’ trust is not necessarily global, in which trials are trusted or not; rather, it appears fairly nuanced and is impacted by various perceived attributes of communicators and the information they provide. We make recommendations for clinical trial site stakeholders invested in building trust and for future research into trust at these sites.

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