Awareness, perceptions of and compliance with tobacco control policies among naswar vendors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

IntroductionRegulatory compliance in the retail environment is integral to the success of tobacco control. We assessed compliance among naswar (smokeless tobacco product widely used in South Asia) vendors with tobacco control laws. We also assessed their awareness of tobacco-related harms and policies and perceived effect of policies on their sales.MethodsWe surveyed 286 naswar vendors in three districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. We recruited general and specialty vendors from urban and rural areas through multistage cluster sampling. Compliance was measured for promotion, sale to/by minors and tax paid on naswar. We used logistic regression analyses for assessing the association between the outcome variables (awareness of tobacco harms and laws, perceptions about the effect of policies on business and compliance with laws) and their predictors.ResultsMost vendors (70%) were aware of tobacco-related harms of naswar. Although educated vendors were more aware of tobacco control policies, the greatest awareness was for a ban on sales to/by minors (21% overall). The majority of vendors (76%) violated this policy (measured by self-report), and violations were more common among rural than urban vendors (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.96). Most vendors (71%) violated a ban on promotion of naswar. Vendors perceived tax increases and sales ban to/by minors as most detrimental for business.ConclusionsThere was poor awareness and compliance among naswar vendors in Pakistan with tobacco control laws. This study finds potential areas for policy interventions that can reduce urban/rural disparities in implementation of and compliance with tobacco control laws.

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The Tobacco-Free Village Program: Helping Rural Areas Implement and Achieve Goals of Tobacco Control Policies in India

Global Health Science and Practice ◽

10.9745/ghsp-d-17-00064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 476-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nilesh Chatterjee ◽

Deepak Patil ◽

Rajashree Kadam ◽

Genevie Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Control Policies ◽

Tobacco Control Policies

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Assessing the Relationship between Retail Store Tobacco Advertising and Local Tobacco Control Policies: A Massachusetts Case Study

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2019/1823636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Bukola Usidame ◽

Edward Alan Miller ◽

Joanna E. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Control Policy ◽

Retail Store ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Retail Stores ◽

Control Policies ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

The Relationship

Objective. This study documents the extent of tobacco ads in retail stores and evaluates its association with the comprehensiveness of local tobacco control policies in the state of Massachusetts, US. Methods. Using a two-stage cluster sampling method, we sampled 419 retail stores across 42 municipalities to assess the presence and count of nine mutually exclusive tobacco ad categories. Tobacco ads by store type and municipality were analyzed using summary statistics and contingency tables. Regression models tested the association between the extent of tobacco ads and local tobacco control policy comprehensiveness. Results. Overall, 86.6% (n = 363) of all the retail stores had tobacco ads. On average, there were 6.7 ads per retail store (SD = 6.61) and 2804 ads across all the retail stores (range = 0 : 32). Retail stores had an average of three different categories of tobacco ads (mean = 2.98, SD = 1.84). Across all retail stores, the most frequent ad categories were power walls (80.0%) and e-cigarette ads (55.8%). Retail stores in municipalities with more comprehensive local tobacco control policies were more likely to have fewer tobacco ads (IRR = 0.92, p<0.01) and a lower number of tobacco ad categories (OR = 0.88, p<0.05). Conclusion. Municipalities can adopt more comprehensive tobacco control policies to help limit the extent of tobacco retail advertising. This can ultimately reduce smoking in their jurisdiction.

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Heated tobacco products: another tobacco industry global strategy to slow progress in tobacco control

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054340 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. s111-s117 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Stella A Bialous ◽

Stanton A Glantz

Keyword(s):

Harm Reduction ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Control Policies ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

Tobacco Epidemic ◽

Slow Progress

There has been a global decline in tobacco consumption that, if continued, will negatively impact the tobacco industry’s profits. This decline led the industry to invent and market new products, including heated tobacco products (HTP). HTP are an extension of the industry’s strategies to undermine government’s tobacco regulatory efforts as they are being promoted as part of the solution for the tobacco epidemic. Under the moniker of ‘harm reduction’, the tobacco companies are attempting to rehabilitate their reputation so they can more effectively influence governments to roll back existing tobacco control policies or create exemptions for their HTP. Rolling back tobacco control policies will make it easier for the companies to renormalise tobacco use to increase social acceptability for all their products. When regulations are absent or when loopholes exist in classifying HTP as a tobacco product (thus subject to all tobacco control regulations), the industry’s marketing of HTP is making these products more visible to the public and more accessible. Governments need to ensure that HTP are regulated as tobacco products or drugs and reject partnerships with the tobacco companies to promote ‘harm reduction’. The tobacco companies remain the vector of the tobacco-caused epidemic and cannot be part of the global tobacco control solution.

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Flavoured tobacco product restrictions in Massachusetts associated with reductions in adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056159 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056159

Author(s):

Summer Sherburne Hawkins ◽

Claudia Kruzik ◽

Michael O'Brien ◽

Rebekah Levine Coley

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

County Level ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Youth Health ◽

Control Policies ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

The Usa ◽

Adolescent Tobacco Use

BackgroundIn the USA, many states do not pre-empt municipalities from enacting stricter tobacco-control policies than state or federal laws. Several municipalities in Massachusetts have passed progressive local laws aimed at reducing adolescent tobacco use. We exploited this variability to examine the associations between county-level flavoured tobacco product restrictions, tobacco 21 policies and smoke-free laws prohibiting e-cigarettes with adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use in Massachusetts, and to assess whether policy effects varied by age.MethodsWe conducted difference-in-differences models to link changes in county-level tobacco-control policies to changes in adolescents’ use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes using 2011–2017 biennial Massachusetts Youth Health Surveys.ResultsCounties with greater implementation of flavoured tobacco product restrictions were associated with a decrease in the level of cigarette use among users (incidence rate ratio −1.56; 95% CI −2.54 to −0.58). A significant interaction (p=0.03) revealed the largest reductions among 14 and 18 year olds. Increasing flavoured tobacco product restrictions were also associated with reductions in the likelihood of e-cigarette use (OR −0.87; 95% CI −1.68 to −0.06). Increasing tobacco 21 restrictions were associated with decreases in cigarette use only among 18 year olds, while there was no evidence of associations between smoke-free laws with use of either tobacco product.ConclusionsAdolescents in Massachusetts decreased their use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in response to local restrictions that limited the sale of flavoured tobacco products to adult-only retail tobacco stores. Local legislation can reduce adolescent tobacco use and municipalities should enact stricter tobacco-control policies when not pre-empted by state law.

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Fear or Humour in anti-smoking campaigns? Impact on perceived effectiveness and support for tobacco control Policies

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-812320182412.09322018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 4727-4738

Author(s):

Eduardo Silva Reis ◽

Patrícia Paula Lourenço e Arriaga ◽

Octavian Adrian Postolache

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Effectiveness ◽

Control Policies ◽

Tobacco Policies ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

Susceptibility To Smoking ◽

Urge To Smoke

Abstract Several anti-smoking campaigns have been used for decades to reduce smoking consumption. However, so far, there is no consensus regarding the effectiveness of inducing distinct emotions in reducing smoke consumption. This study tested the effects of two types of anti-smoking ads, inducing fear or humor, on emotions, perceived effectiveness, support for tobacco control policies, urges to smoke, and susceptibility to smoke. Participants (N = 108; 54 smokers) of both genders were randomly assigned to one of the two following emotion ads condition: fear (N = 52) or humor (N = 56). During exposure, the continuous flow of their emotions by self-report and physiologically was collected. Measures of ads impact on emotions, perceived effectiveness, urges and susceptibility to smoking, and support for tobacco policies were applied after exposure. The results have shown that fear ads were perceived as more effective and reduced the urges to smoke in smokers. Non-smokers were more supportive of tobacco control policies. In conclusion, this study showed that fear campaigns can reduce the urge to smoke among smokers and are perceived to be more effective. This perceived effectiveness can be partially explained by feelings of fear, regardless the other emotions it also triggers, and of the smoking status.

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Cigarette Prices in Rural and Urban Ohio: Effects of Census Tract Demographics

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839919881141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 37S-43S

Author(s):

Brittney Keller-Hamilton ◽

Amy K. Ferketich ◽

Micah Berman ◽

Erika Conrad ◽

Megan E. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Census Tract ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Region ◽

Control Policies ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Cigarette Prices

The prevalence of smoking among rural Americans and Americans of lower socioeconomic status (SES) remains higher than among their urban and higher SES counterparts. Potential factors contributing to these disparities are area-based differences in the retail environment and tobacco control policies. We describe the association between neighborhood demographics and cigarette prices in rural and urban areas. Prices of one pack of Marlboro Reds, Newport menthols, and the cheapest cigarettes in the store were recorded from a stratified random sample of tobacco retailers in urban (N = 104) and rural (N = 109) Ohio in 2016. Associations between prices and census tract demographics (SES and race) were modeled separately in each region, controlling for store type. In the rural region, as the census tract income increased, the price of Marlboro and Newport cigarettes decreased, and the price of the cheapest pack of cigarettes increased. In the urban region, as the census tract income and percentage of White non-Hispanic people increased, the price of Marlboro decreased; there were no associations between census tract characteristics and the price of Newports or the cheapest cigarettes. Results describe a complex association between cigarette brand, prices, and area characteristics, where the cheapest brands of cigarettes can be obtained for the lowest prices in lower SES rural areas. Tobacco control policies that raise the price of cheap cigarettes, particularly minimum price laws, have the potential to reduce SES-related smoking disparities in both rural and urban populations.

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Awareness and Implementation Status of Tobacco Policy Provisions among Students of Public Schools in Budhanilkantha Municipality, Nepal

Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jkahs.v3i2.30783 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Bhakta KC ◽

Laxmi Kumari Oli ◽

Nawa Dahal

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

World Health ◽

Tobacco Policy ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Control Policies ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

Implementation Status ◽

Product Control

Background: The tobacco epidemic was responded globally with the enforcement of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), a first public health treaty, on 27 February 2005. As a party and signatory country to FCTC, Nepal ratified the tobacco product (control and regulation) act in 2011. After endorsement of the act and other related tobacco policy documents, it is necessary to measure awareness level and the implementation status among different stakeholders including adolescent students. This study aimed to assess the awareness and implementation status of tobacco policy provisions in the students of Budhanilkantha Municipality of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 378 students were recruited from five schools of Budhanilkantha municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. The self-administered questionnaires were adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) tool of the World Health Organization and youth-tobacco survey tool of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect the data. Results: The study showed that less than half of the participants (45.8%) knew that there is a tobacco product (control and regulatory) act in Nepal. Similarly, two-thirds (65.9%) of the participants responded that they were aware of the selling of tobacco products to a person below 18 years was legally prohibited in Nepal. In terms of tobacco laws enforcement, 66.2% of the participants were not prevented from buying tobacco products because of their age. Conclusions: More than half of the students were found unaware of tobacco control policies of Nepal, despite the students are the key target stakeholders of tobacco control policies. Additionally, implementation of policy provisions related to protecting the students from tobacco in school or home is not effectively enforced although Nepal has comprehensive tobacco control policies.

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