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Genes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pośpiech ◽  
Paweł Teisseyre ◽  
Jan Mielniczuk ◽  
Wojciech Branicki

The idea of forensic DNA intelligence is to extract from genomic data any information that can help guide the investigation. The clues to the externally visible phenotype are of particular practical importance. The high heritability of the physical phenotype suggests that genetic data can be easily predicted, but this has only become possible with less polygenic traits. The forensic community has developed DNA-based predictive tools by employing a limited number of the most important markers analysed with targeted massive parallel sequencing. The complexity of the genetics of many other appearance phenotypes requires big data coupled with sophisticated machine learning methods to develop accurate genomic predictors. A significant challenge in developing universal genomic predictive methods will be the collection of sufficiently large data sets. These should be created using whole-genome sequencing technology to enable the identification of rare DNA variants implicated in phenotype determination. It is worth noting that the correctness of the forensic sketch generated from the DNA data depends on the inclusion of an age factor. This, however, can be predicted by analysing epigenetic data. An important limitation preventing whole-genome approaches from being commonly used in forensics is the slow progress in the development and implementation of high-throughput, low DNA input sequencing technologies. The example of palaeoanthropology suggests that such methods may possibly be developed in forensics.


2022 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Najung Kim ◽  
Jaekyoung You ◽  
Eunhyung Lee

In this study, we examine the effects of gender, generation, and the interaction between gender and generation on Korean accountants’ perception of career success. With the large survey data collected from 1,000 accountants working in South Korea, we found that Korean female accountants have higher perceived importance of work-life balance dimension of career success than male accountants; and younger generations (Millennials or younger) have higher perceived importance for this dimension than older generations (Generation X or older). No interaction effects between gender and generation were found in relation to the perceived importance of work-life balance dimension of career success. Specifically, female accountants had higher perceived importance of work-life balance than their male counterparts regardless of generation; and while the mean was higher for younger generations the gap between the female accountants’ means and the male accountants’ means of work-life balance dimension has not been reduced. The insignificant interaction effects between gender and generation regarding the perceived level of the work-life balance dimension of career success suggest that, despite the national and organizational efforts in changing the gender discriminating practices, Korean accounting field may still be making a very slow progress in breaking its glass ceiling.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Jan Feliksiak

<p>The Goldbach Conjecture, one of the oldest problems in mathematics, has fascinated and inspired many mathematicians for ages. In 1742 German mathematician Christian Goldbach, in a letter addressed to Leonhard Euler, proposed a conjecture. The modern-day version of the Binary/Strong Goldbach conjecture asserts that: Every even integer greater than 2 can be written as the sum of two primes. The conjecture had been verified empirically up to 4 × 1018, its proof however remains elusive, which seems to confirm that:</p><p><em>Some problems in mathematics remain buried deep in the catacombs of slow progress ... mind stretching mysteries await to be discovered beyond the boundaries of former thought. Avery Carr (2013) </em></p><p>The research was aimed at exposition, of the intricate structure of the fabric of the Goldbach Conjecture problem. The research methodology explores several topics, before the definite proof of the Goldbach Conjecture can be presented. The Ternary Goldbach Conjecture Corollary follows the proof of the Binary Goldbach Conjecture as well as the representation of even numbers by the difference of two primes Corollary. The research demonstrates that the Goldbach Conjecture is a genuine arithmetical question.</p>


Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anca Vasiliu ◽  
Nicole Salazar-Austin ◽  
Anete Trajman ◽  
Trisasi Lestari ◽  
Godwin Mtetwa ◽  
...  

The 2021 Global Tuberculosis (TB) report shows slow progress towards closing the pediatric TB detection gap and improving the TB preventive treatment (TPT) coverage among child and adolescent contacts. This review presents the current knowledge around contact case management (CCM) in low-resource settings, with a focus on child contacts, which represents a key priority population for CCM and TPT. Compelling evidence demonstrates that CCM interventions are a key gateway for both TB case finding and identification of those in need of TPT, and their yield and effectiveness should provide a strong rationale for prioritization by national TB programs. A growing body of evidence is now showing that innovative models of care focused on community-based and patient-centered approaches to household contact investigation can help narrow down the CCM implementation gaps that we are currently facing. The availability of shorter and child-friendly TPT regimens for child contacts provide an additional important opportunity to improve TPT acceptability and adherence. Prioritization of TB CCM implementation and adequate resource mobilization by ministries of health, donors and implementing agencies is needed to timely close the gap.


Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Dusan Pastorek ◽  
Martina Culenova ◽  
Maria Csobonyeiova ◽  
Veronika Skuciova ◽  
Lubos Danisovic ◽  
...  

Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising approach for repair/substitution of damaged tissues and organs. Urethral strictures are common and serious health conditions that impair quality of life and may lead to serious organ damage. The search for ideal materials for urethral repair has led to interest of scientists and surgeons in urethral TE. Over the last decades, a significant amount of preclinical studies and considerable progress have been observed. In contrast, urethral TE has made slow progress in clinical practice so far. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on clinical applications of TE constructs for urethral repair in the last three decades. In summary, the TE approach is promising and effective, but many issues remain that need to be addressed for broader adoption of TE in urethral repair. Better design of trials, better cooperation of research groups and centralization could lead to reduction of costs and slowly proceed to commercialization and routine use of TE products for urethral reconstruction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (87) ◽  

Music education is the process of acquiring certain musical behaviors through the individual's life purposefully. When the environments where music education is given are examined, the music departments of fine arts high schools, education faculties fine arts education department music teaching programs, art design faculties music departments, fine arts faculties music departments, conservatories, public education centers, art centers, sections of municipal conservatories reserved for music lessons, etc. appears to be. In order to provide music education in a healthy way, the noise level of the buildings where music education is given should be controlled and the buildings should have certain qualifications. Buildings, classrooms and concert halls should be designed with attention to be in a form that can have acoustic properties. With the advancement of technology and the discovery of new materials, important developments have begun to emerge in building materials. While all these developments (strength, flexibility, bendability, etc.) generally reflect positively on the properties of the material, they may cause some disadvantages, especially in terms of insulation and acoustics. However, the slow progress of the legislation related to insulation causes the development speed of the studies on building materials to decrease. Insulation is of great importance, especially in terms of achieving the purpose of educational buildings with musical functions. In this study, information was provided about wool, which is a textile material, and felt obtained from wool. Evaluations were made about the usability of wool and felt in music education environments. Keywords: Wool, felt, music education, ınsulation, textile


Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Forsstrom

Abstract This research note documents that progress against infant mortality in the United States has stalled in the twenty-first century among infants born to White non-Hispanic women without a bachelor's degree. In contrast, the mortality rate fell considerably among infants born to White non-Hispanic women with a bachelor's degree, Black non-Hispanic women across levels of education, and Hispanic women with a bachelor's degree. The decline in infant mortality for Hispanic women without a bachelor's degree was small, but still greater than the decline for White non-Hispanic women without a bachelor's after adjusting for changes in the distribution of maternal age within groups. I also document a marked difference in trends for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) rates by maternal education. The SUID rate increased among those born to women without a bachelor's degree across racial and ethnic groups, while declining or staying constant for those born to women with a bachelor's degree. The lack of progress against infant mortality for White non-Hispanic women without a bachelor's degree was driven by a relatively large increase in SUID rates, coupled with relatively slow progress against other types of infant mortality.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fitria Anindhita H. Wibowo

<p>This paper deals with the subject of Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), a special right that allows developing countries preferential treatment by other member countries, particularly developed countries. The paper more specifically discusses the ineffectiveness of the SDT owing to its structure and formulation, and explores the factors that have caused such ineffectiveness. It touches upon the provisions and the ways in which they are formulated and implemented, which deemed to have lead to the ineffectiveness. An observation of the way that negotiations are conducted and the underlying interests that direct those negotiations also contribute to the slow progress of introducing changes to the provisions. Furthermore, this paper analyses and identifies steps that may be taken to improve the concept, formulation, and implementation of SDT, inter alia through amendments of the provisions and conduct of negotiations. The paper also looks at several dispute cases which highlight the ineffectiveness of the existing provisions in advancing the interests of developing countries in particular and in fulfilling its purpose in general.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fitria Anindhita H. Wibowo

<p>This paper deals with the subject of Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), a special right that allows developing countries preferential treatment by other member countries, particularly developed countries. The paper more specifically discusses the ineffectiveness of the SDT owing to its structure and formulation, and explores the factors that have caused such ineffectiveness. It touches upon the provisions and the ways in which they are formulated and implemented, which deemed to have lead to the ineffectiveness. An observation of the way that negotiations are conducted and the underlying interests that direct those negotiations also contribute to the slow progress of introducing changes to the provisions. Furthermore, this paper analyses and identifies steps that may be taken to improve the concept, formulation, and implementation of SDT, inter alia through amendments of the provisions and conduct of negotiations. The paper also looks at several dispute cases which highlight the ineffectiveness of the existing provisions in advancing the interests of developing countries in particular and in fulfilling its purpose in general.</p>


Author(s):  
Carmine Zoccali ◽  
Alberto Ortiz ◽  
Inga Arune Blumbyte ◽  
Sarina Rudolf ◽  
Annette G Beck-Sickinger ◽  
...  

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide member of a family also including peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide which are all ligands to Gi/Go coupled receptors. NPY regulates several fundamental biologic functions including appetite/satiety, sex and reproduction, learning and memory, cardiovascular and renal function and the immune function. The mesenteric circulation is a major source of NPY in the blood in man and this peptide is considered a key regulator of the gut-brain cross-talk. A progressive rise in circulating NPY accompanies the progression of CKD toward kidney failure and NPY robustly predicts cardiovascular events in this population. Furthermore, NPY is suspected as a possible player in the accelerated cognitive function decline and dementia in patients with CKD and in dialysis patients. In theory, Interfering with the NPY system has relevant potential for the treatment of diverse diseases from cardiovascular and renal diseases to diseases of the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical formulations for effective drug delivery and cost as well as the complexity of diseases potentially addressable by NPY/NPY antagonists have been a problem until now. This in part explains the slow progress of knowledge about the NPY system in the clinical arena. There is now a renewed research interest on the NPY system in psycho pharmacology and in pharmacology in general and new studies and a new breed of clinical trials may eventually bring the expected benefits in human health by drugs interfering with this system.


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