THE ESTIMATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS IN SOME ALGAE AND HIGHER PLANTS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Smillie ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
High Acid Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantitative Separation

Several current methods for the extraction and estimation of nucleic acids in biological materials were applied to Euglena and other plants. The efficiency of both the preliminary extractions for acid-soluble-P and lipid-P and the subsequent extraction of the nucleic acids was studied. A relatively high acid concentration (15% TCA) was required to directly extract all the acid-soluble phosphates. These conditions appeared to remove a small amount of the RNA. Lower acid concentrations as used in the Ogur–Rosen method (2% PCA) failed to extract all the acid-soluble phosphates. By using a modification of the Ogur–Rosen initial extraction method, the acid-soluble phosphates were quantitatively extracted without loss of RNA. After removal of the acid-soluble phosphates and lipid phosphates, the plant nucleic acids were quantitatively extracted by either the Schmidt–Thannhauser or Schneider methods. In many of the plants tested, the presence of pentose-containing polysaccharides, protein degradation products, or polyphosphate (algae only) interfered in estimations based on either the Schneider or Schmidt–Thannhauser procedures. Such interfering substances in the Schmidt–Thannhauser method were eliminated by the use of an anion exchange resin. Details are given of a modified Schmidt–Thannhauser procedure which should be suitable for a wide range of plants. The modified procedure may be simplified for Euglena and some higher plant tissues depending on the nature and quantities of interfering substances present. Methods are also given for the quantitative separation of plant RNA nucleotides by paper chromatography and by ion exchange paper chromatography.

Caution on the Use of the Generally Accepted Methanol Precipitation Technique for the Assay of Soluble Starch Synthase in Crude Extracts of Plant Tissues

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Jenner ◽  
K Denyer ◽  
JS Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Alternative Procedure ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Crude Extracts

The 14C-labelled glucan synthesised by soluble starch synthase (ADP glucose : 1,4-α-D-glucan-4-glucosyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.21) is partially degraded to glucose and maltose in assays of crude extracts of some plant organs. As these degradation products are not precipitated by treatment with aqueous methanol-KCl (75% v/v: 1% w/v), the conventional means by which the product of the starch synthase reaction is separated from the substrate, ADP[U-14C]glucose, the activity of the enzyme can be seriously underestimated. An alternative procedure involving the absorption of unreacted ADP[U-14C]glucose with anion exchange resin provides a more accurate estimate of the activity.

The active transport of ions in plant cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. C. MacRobbie
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Ion Pump ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Active Transport Of Ions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transport Of Ions

In a recent review of the transport of salts and water across multicellular secretory tissues in animals (Keynes, 1969), a summary was given of the various types of active transport of ions necessary to explain the experimental observations in a very wide range of tissues, and five basic types of ion pump were discussed. The question of whether plants and animals have any common mechanisms for the transport of salts and water was specifically excluded. The original aim of the present review was to survey the types of ion pump found in plant cells and tissues, and to compare these with those found in animals. Its aims narrowed very considerably in writing. It now reviews ion transport processes in giant algal cells, and tries to assess progress towards understanding the mechanisms involved. It indicates the existence of similar ion transports in higher plant cells, but it does not present a complete review of the experimental work on higher plants.

THE CONCENTRATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS IN SOME COMMON MARINE ALGAE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gordon Young
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Rna And Dna

The method of Smillie and Krotkov has been applied to the estimation of soluble ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid in nine species of marine algae, representative of the Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae. Treatment of the extract with an anion exchange resin was essential for the determination of RNA. Values for RNA and DNA, expressed as percentages of total solids, were respectively as follows: Ulva lactuca 0.63 and 0.10, Chondrus crispus 0.91 and 0.65, Rhodymenia palmata 0.73 and 0.41, Porphyra umbilicalis 1.62 and 0.19, Furcellaria fastigiata 0.37 and 0.36, Laminaria longicruris 0.68 and 0.06, L. digitata 0.67 and 0.30, L. agardhii 0.90 and 0.07, Fucus vesiculosus 0.29 and 0.05, based on commercial nucleic acids assayed by ultraviolet absorption, as standards. Use of ribose and deoxyribose as standards gave lower results. Attempts to prepare pure polynucleotides from several marine algae were unsuccessful.

scholarly journals Sorption of Perrhenate Ions by a New Anion Exchanger Based on an Oligomer of Epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
А. Pidakhmet ◽  
E.E. Ergozhin ◽  
T.K. Chalov ◽  
A.I. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchanger ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Ammonium Perrhenate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microscopy Method

<p>In this study, oligomer epichlorohydrine (OECH) was crosslinked with 4-vinylpyridin (VP) present initiator of peroxide benzoyl (BP). The resulting anionite (OECH-VP) was characterized by scanning<br /> electron microscopy (SEM) and tested for perrhenate ions  sorption. The new macropore anion exchange resin was  synthesized by polycondensation of epichlorohydrin oligomer and 4-vinylpyridine, the static exchange capacity (SEC) of which is equal to 6.75 mg-equiv∙g<sup>-1</sup> in 0.1 M HCI solution and the sorption of perrhenate ions was studied. The influence of the concentration and pH of the model ammonium perrhenate solutions, contact time on the sorption activity of new anion exchangers (ECHO-VP) to perrhenate ions were studied. When studying the concentration effect of NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> on the sorption of perrhenate ions by anionite ECHO-VP, the recovery degree at the content of 0.1-0.7 g/L of rhenium remained virtually unchanged and varied between 91- and 92%. When increasing the concentration of rhenium up to 1.02 g/L, the recovery degree (A) is reduced to 86%. The time to reach the equilibrium between the anion exchanger ECHO-VP and the solution of NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>, containing 0.94 g/L of rhenium and having a pH of 5.1 is 6 hours. Thus in the first 15 minutes 81% perrhenate ions are recovered. Structure of the surface anionite before and after sorption of rhenium ions were studied by electronic  microscopy method. The results revealed that the anionite ECHO-VP has a folded surface with a developed system of macropores and the size of macropores was found to vary between 0.70-1.76 mc, and individual pores reach 2.59 mc. It was established that ion exchanger based on oligomers of  epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine have better sorption properties for rhenium (VII) ions that a wide range of commercial sorbents. It was found that the sorption capacity and the extent of new anion extracting the perrhenate ions and reach their maximum values are respectively 371.6 mg∙Re/g and 99% at pH 5.1.</p>

PEMODELAN MATEMATIS ADSORPSI CO2 DENGAN STRONG BASE ANION EXCHANGE RESIN SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK PURIFIKASI BIOGAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Anies Mutiari ◽  
Wiratni Wiratni ◽  
Aswati Mindaryani
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Model Transfer ◽  
Plant Parameter

Pemurnian biogas telah banyak dilakukan untuk menghilangkan kadar CO2  dan meningkatkan kandungan CH4  yang terkandung di dalamnya. Kandungan CH4 yang tinggi akan memberikan unjuk kerja yang lebih baik. Model  matematis proses adsorpsi CO2 disusun berdasarkan teori lapisan film antar fasa, dimana pada proses yang ditinjau terdapat tiga fase yaitu gas, cair dan padat. Model matematis dari data eksperimental   kecepatan dan kesetimbangan proses adsorpsi CO2 melalui mekanisme pertukaran ion di suatu kolom adsorpsi telah dibuat. Model ini dibuat untuk mencari konstanta yang dapat dipergunakan pada proses scale up data laboratorium ke skala pilot plant. Parameter proses kecepatan yang dicari nilainya adalah koefisien transfer massa massa volumetris CO2 pada fase cair (kLa), koefisien transfer massa volumetris CO2 pada fasegas (kGa) dan tetapan laju reaksi (k1 dan k2). Pada hasil penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa nilai parameter yang diperoleh sesuai hasil fitting data dengan model matematis yang digunakan, yaitu model transfer massa pada lapisan film antar fase secara seri: adalah kGa, kla, k1 dan k2  dengan nilai Sum of Squares Error (SSE) rata-rata 0,0431. Perbandingan nilai kGa hasil simulasi dan teoritisnya memberikan kesalahan rata-rata 18,79%. Perbandingan nilai kLa hasil simulasi dan teoritis memberikan kesalahan rata-rata 7,92%.Kata kunci: model matematis, adsorpsi CO2, pemurnian biogas

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