Transfer cells in the sporophyte–gametophyte junction of Lycopodium appressum

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
D. P. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Narrow Wall ◽  
Membrane Apparatus ◽  
Large Central Vacuole ◽  
Sporophyte Development ◽  
Thickened Wall ◽  
Young Sporophytes

The sporophyte–gametophyte interface in cultured Lycopodium appressum gametophytes consists of a sporophytic foot embedded in gametophyte tissue. Foot cells and contiguous gametophytic cells develop extensive wall ingrowths, making them transfer cells. Transfer cells in the foot of young sporophytes and in adjacent gametophyte cells have elongated, narrow wall ingrowths forming a labrynthine wall–membrane apparatus, numerous mitochondria, and plastids with variable amounts of starch. Transfer cells in older interfaces have thickened wall ingrowths, few mitochondria, plastids with numerous plastoglobuli and little starch, and a large central vacuole. Plasmodesmata do not develop between cells of sporophyte and gametophyte generations and these are, therefore, isolated symplastically during all stages of sporophyte development. Key words: Lycopodium, foot, haustorium, transfer cells, ultrastructure.

Fine structure during ontogeny of xylem transfer cells in the rhizome of Hieracium floribundum

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Large Vacuole ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Thickened Wall

A number of cytological changes occur in rhizome transfer cells with age, the most striking being the appearance of microbodies each with a crystalline nucleoid and the presence of unusual plastids. Plastids in older transfer cells develop one or more electron-translucent regions and lack a defined thylakoid system. The number and size of vacuoles increases until ultimately one large vacuole is formed in old transfer cells. Accompanying these cytological changes in the cytoplasm the wall ingrowths change from being highly involuted and reaching a considerable distance into the cytoplasm of the cell to becoming thicker and less numerous, and finally form a rather uniformly thickened wall layer. The orientation of microfibrils in the thickened cell wall, resulting from the joining of the original wall projections adjacent to the tracheary elements, is random, while the wall thickenings away from the tracheary elements have more orderly arrangements of cellulose microfibrils.

The development of cells in the coenocytic endosperm of the African blood lily Haemanthus Katherinae

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Transfer Cell ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cellular Endosperm ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Large Central Vacuole

The endosperm of the African blood lily Haemanthus Katherinae Bak. follows the helobial pattern of development in which two chambers of endosperm are formed. In the earliest observed stage of development a large micropylar chamber and a smaller dome-shaped chalazal chamber of endosperm are present. Both are coenocytic and contain wall ingrowths of the transfer cell type along the embryo sac wall. Freely growing walls grow centripetally from the embryo sac wall, branch, and eventually meet, forming a layer of cells along the embryo sac wall. This process occurs first in the micropylar chamber. After four or more layers of endosperm cells are present, phragmoplasts form in association with karyokinesis and give rise to cross walls situated between the freely growing walls. When 10 or more layers of endosperm cells are present, free wall-less cells are present in the central vacuole near the edge of the cellular endosperm of the micropylar chamber. The free cells originate from mitosis of nuclei at the inner wall-less edge of the endosperm and the subsequent pinching off and release of the free cells into the large central vacuole. The free cells may undergo karyokinesis and become binucleate. The chalazal chamber of endosperm also becomes cellular by means of freely growing walls.

The Level of Wall Ingrowths Protrusion in Transfer Cells is a Function of the Sink/Source State of the Leaf

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
O.E. Ade-Ademil ◽  
C.E.J. Botha
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Source State

Structure and ontogeny of Alnus crispa – Alpova diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
Y. Piché
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Alnus Crispa ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Branching System

Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh seedlings were grown in plastic pouches and inoculated with Frankia to induce nodules and subsequently with Alpova diplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith to form ectomycorrhizae. The earliest events in ectomycorrhiza formation involved contact of the root surface by hyphae, hyphal proliferation to form a thin mantle, and further hyphal growth to form a thick mantle. Structural changes in the host, the mycosymbiont, and the fungus–epidermis interface were described at various stages in the ontogeny of ectomycorrhizae. Fungal hyphae in contact with epidermal cells in the regions of intercellular penetration and paraepidermal Hartig net developed numerous rough endoplastic reticulum cisternae. In more proximal regions of the mycorrhiza, these gradually became fewer in number and smooth. A complicated labyrinthine wall branching system also developed in the fungus in these regions. Concurrently, epidermal cells formed wall ingrowths in regions adjacent to Hartig net hyphae. There was a gradient in the formation of these epidermal transfer cells as the mycorrhiza developed, and an additional deposition of secondary cell wall over the wall ingrowths occurred as transfer cells senesced. Nonmycorrhizal control roots did not develop epidermal wall ingrowths. Electron-dense material, which was also autofluorescent, was deposited in the outer tangential walls of the exodermis contiguous to the paraepidermal Hartig net.

scholarly journals Structural character of sorghum endosperm transfer cells and their relationship with embryo and endosperm

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankun Zheng ◽  
Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Endosperm Transfer Cells ◽  
Structural Character ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Endosperm transfer cells mainly occur in the epithelial layer of the endosperm and transport the nutrient unloaded by the maternal vascular tissue. They have wall ingrowths that can facilitate solute transportation. Here we report our further investigation of endosperm transfer cells in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). We observed endosperm transfer cells, embryo, and endosperm with different kinds of microscopes. Our experimental results showed that the distribution and configuration of endosperm transfer cells were fit for solute transportation, and they had a tight relationship with the embryo and endosperm.

Development of flange and reticulate wall ingrowths in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Monjardino ◽  
Sara Rocha ◽  
Ana C. Tavares ◽  
Rui Fernandes ◽  
Paula Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Endosperm Transfer Cells

scholarly journals The Placenta of Physcomitrium patens: Transfer Cell Wall Polymers Compared across the Three Bryophyte Groups

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Jason S. Henry ◽  
Karen S. Renzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Transfer Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Following similar studies of cell wall constituents in the placenta of Phaeoceros and Marchantia, we conducted immunogold labeling TEM studies of Physcomitrium patens to determine the composition of cell wall polymers in transfer cells on both sides of the placenta. Sixteen monoclonal antibodies were used to localize cell wall epitopes in the basal walls and wall ingrowths in this moss. In general, placental transfer cell walls of P. patens contained fewer pectins and far fewer arabinogalactan proteins AGPs than those of the hornwort and liverwort. P. patens also lacked the differential labeling that is pronounced between generations in the other bryophytes. In contrast, transfer cell walls on either side of the placenta of P. patens were relatively similar in composition, with slight variation in homogalacturonan HG pectins. Compositional similarities between wall ingrowths and primary cell walls in P. patens suggest that wall ingrowths may simply be extensions of the primary cell wall. Considerable variability in occurrence, abundance, and types of polymers among the three bryophytes and between the two generations suggested that similarity in function and morphology of cell walls does not require a common cell wall composition. We propose that the specific developmental and life history traits of these plants may provide even more important clues in understanding the basis for these differences. This study significantly builds on our knowledge of cell wall composition in bryophytes in general and in transfer cells across plants.

Ultrastructure of mimosa leaflet and pulvinule

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
V. A. Stein-Margolina
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Lower Wall ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Large Central Vacuole ◽  
Light Stimuli

The ultrastructure of leaflet and tertiary pulvini (pulvinule) of the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica L., as well as the distribution of ATPase were studied before and after stimulation.There are two zones in the majority of upper epidermis cells of the leaflet (Fig. 1). The upper zone contains a thin layer of cytoplasma, a large central vacuole and much tannin. The lower zone of these cells is electron-transparent and has a lens-like shape. It is filled with fibrillar-foamy material (Fig. 2). “The foam” fibrills are 30-100 Å in diameter. “The foam” is stained with ruthenium red and is supposed to be a mucilaginous inner (lower) wall of the epidermal cell. The cells of the lower epidermis of the leaflet and the pulvinule epidermis do not contain “the foam”. The lens-shaped foamy material might focus light, promote its reception and transfer the light stimuli within the leaflets and pulvini, thus regulating the heliotropic and nyctinastic position of the leaf itself.

scholarly journals Current Progress in Tonoplast Proteomics Reveals Insights into the Function of the Large Central Vacuole

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Trentmann ◽  
Ilka Haferkamp
Keyword(s):  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Large Central Vacuole
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