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2022 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101314
Author(s):  
Li-Na Gao ◽  
Fei Tao ◽  
Pei-Long Ma ◽  
Chen-Yi Wang ◽  
Wei Kong ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ohishi ◽  
Takuya Yamagishi ◽  
Hitomi Kurosu ◽  
Hideaki Kato ◽  
Yoko Takayama ◽  
...  

Abstract Background This is a case report on a cluster infection of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 delta AY.1 variant at an accommodation facility and the subsequent attempts to isolate individuals who tested positive. Methods The background that facilitated this cluster was investigated, and the conditions in which infection was established, the infection route, and the effectiveness of routine measures were evaluated. Ninety-nine staff members had been working at the accommodation facility at the time of infection, and it was estimated that 10 members were infected with the delta AY.1 variant. Results Our results suggest that infection of staff from a patient staying overnight should be excluded. The factors contributing to the cluster infection involved short-distance conversations with individuals wearing non-woven three-layer masks moved out of position (non-woven) and gathering together with individuals wearing non-woven masks in hypoventilated conditions. Our findings also indicate that this variant is possibly airborne and can infect individuals in enclosed spaces with poor ventilation, even when either infected or exposed individuals wear non-woven masks. Conclusions The routine maintenance of systems established for the detection of infections and prompt and appropriate preventive measures following the identification of positive individuals will help prevent further cluster infections.


Universe ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Luca Fabbri

We consider the fourth-order differential theory of gravitation to treat the problem of singularity avoidance: studying the short-distance behaviour in the case of black-holes and the big-bang we are going to see a way to attack the issue from a general perspective.


Author(s):  
Si-Yu Xiong ◽  
Liang Tang ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Dan Xue ◽  
Ming-Qiang Bai ◽  
...  

In this paper, we give a further discussion of short-distance teleportation. We propose bidirectional, rotation and cyclic rotation teleportation schemes for short-distance participants, respectively. In our bidirectional transmission scheme, the quantum channel is still an EPR pair and an auxiliary qubit in the ground state [Formula: see text], and two participants can transmit an unknown single-qubit state to each other. In the rotation and cyclic rotation schemes, bidirectional transmission is performed between two adjacent participants in turn. The unknown state qubits of the participants collapse into the ground state after one bidirectional transmission, and can be used as auxiliary qubits in subsequent bidirectional transmission. After a complete state rotation, each participant has held the unknown state of the other participants, and the last one owned by the participant is still the original unknown state. Although the schemes we proposed are applicable to a small range of transmission, they have certain advantages in saving quantum resources.


Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Bing-Mu Hsu ◽  
Jung-Sheng Chen ◽  
Gwo-Jong Hsu ◽  
Suprokash Koner ◽  
Viji Nagarajan ◽  
...  

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dynamic and tenacious pathogenic bacterium which is prevalent in livestock farming environments. This study investigated the possibility of MRSA spread via bioaerosol transmission from an indoor chicken farm environment to outdoors downwind (up to 50 m). The concentration of total airborne bacteria colony formation units (CFUs) was decreased with increasing sampling distance ranging from 9.18 × 101 to 3.67 × 103 per air volume (m3). Among the 21 MRSA isolates, 15 were isolated from indoor chicken sheds and exposure square areas, whereas 6 were isolated from downwind bioaerosol samples. Molecular characterization revealed that all of them carried the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) VIII, and they were remarkably linked with the hospital-associated MRSA group. Spa typing analysis determined that all MRSA isolates belonged to spa type t002. Virulence analysis showed that 100% of total isolates possessed exfoliative toxin A (eta), whereas 38.09% and 23.80% strains carried exfoliative toxin B (etb) and enterotoxin A (entA). Additionally, all of these MRSA isolates carried multidrug resistance properties and showed their resistance against chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. In addition, chi-squared statistical analysis displayed a significant distributional relationship of gene phenotypes between MRSA isolates from chicken farm indoor and downwind bioaerosol samples. The results of this study revealed that chicken farm indoor air might act as a hotspot of MRSA local community-level outbreak, wherein the short-distance dispersal of MRSA could be supported by bioaerosols.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ohishi ◽  
Takuya Yamagishi ◽  
Hitomi Kurosu ◽  
Hideaki Kato ◽  
Yoko Takayama ◽  
...  

Abstract This is a case report on a cluster infection of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 delta AY.1 variant at an accommodation facility and the subsequent attempts to isolate individuals who tested positive. The background that facilitated this cluster was investigated, and the conditions in which infection was established, the infection route, and the effectiveness of routine measures were evaluated. Ninety-nine staff members had been working at the accommodation facility at the time of infection, and it was estimated that 10 members were infected with the delta AY.1 variant. Our results suggest that infection of staff from a patient staying overnight should be excluded. The factors contributing to the cluster infection involved short-distance conversations with individuals wearing non-woven three-layer masks moved out of position (non-woven) and gathering together with individuals wearing non-woven masks in hypoventilated conditions. Our findings also indicate that this variant is possibly airborne and can infect individuals in enclosed spaces with poor ventilation, even when either infected or exposed individuals wear non-woven masks. The routine maintenance of systems established for the detection of infections and prompt and appropriate preventive measures following the identification of positive individuals will help prevent further cluster infections.


2022 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Balitsky ◽  
Wayne Morris ◽  
Anatoly Radyushkin
Keyword(s):  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yansheng Zou ◽  
Zihao Ke ◽  
Yeding Shao ◽  
Qirun Fan ◽  
Chen Liu

Biotropica ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Condell ◽  
W. Douglas Robinson ◽  
Randall P. Moore ◽  
Bryan Rourke

2022 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Kirill Boguslavski ◽  
Babak Kasmaei ◽  
Michael Strickland

The imaginary part of the effective heavy-quark potential can be related to the total in-medium decay width of of heavy quark-antiquark bound states. We extract the static limit of this quantity using classical-statistical simulations of the real-time Yang-Mills dynamics by measuring the temporal decay of Wilson loops. By performing the simulations on finer and larger lattices we are able to show that the nonperturbative results follow the same form as the perturbative ones. For large quark-antiquark separations, we quantify the magnitude of the non-perturbative long-range corrections to the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential. We present our results for a wide range of temperatures, lattice spacings, and lattice volumes. We also extract approximations for the short-distance behavior of the classical potential.


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