Determination of the origin of the cold-adapted populations of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in eastern North America: a total-evidence approach using RAPD DNA and DNA sequences

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Roy ◽  
Jean-Pierre Simon ◽  
François-Joseph Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Cold Adapted

Determination of the origin of the cold-adapted populations of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in eastern North America: a total-evidence approach using RAPD DNA and DNA sequences

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Roy ◽  
Jean-Pierre Simon ◽  
François-Joseph Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Cold Adapted

This survey attempts to establish the origin of cold-adapted populations of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) in North America using molecular techniques, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and two types of sequences: chloroplast intron (trnL (UAA)) and rDNA nuclear spacer (ITS 1). There exists many possible scenarios to explain the origin of E. crus-galli in eastern Canada (Quebec), but we dwelled on two particular hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive. The first hypothesis stipulates that the populations originated only from Europe, whereas the second implies that native subtropical and warm-temperate populations migrated from the south towards northern regions. To assess the likelihood of these hypotheses, the genetic distance matrices obtained from RAPD markers, nuclear, and chloroplastic sequences were combined and tested against the competing models. A principal coordinate analysis was used to discriminate among populations sampled from three different regions (i.e., Quebec, American east coast, and western Europe) and an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected a significant genetic structure among these populations (FST = 0.110, p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons further indicated that European populations were significantly different from all other populations, whereas North American populations were not different from one another. The combined sequences revealed eight different haplotypes. Six populations were characterized by unique haplotypes, while one haplotype was shared by 3 of the 12 North American populations. The last and most common haplotype was observed in 9 of the 18 populations from all three regions. The tests computed thus supported the second hypothesis suggesting that the cold-adapted populations of eastern Canada are probably derived from other North American populations rather than European populations.Key words: AMOVA, RAPD, rDNA, cpDNA, genetic variation, population structure.

Aggregation of Selected Three-Day Periods to Estimate Annual and Seasonal Wet Deposition Totals for Sulfate, Nitrate, and Acidity. Part I: A Synoptic and Chemical Climatology for Eastern North America

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Brook ◽  
Perry J. Samson ◽  
Sanford Sillman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Transport Patterns

Abstract Running 3-day periods from 1979 to 1985 were categorised into one of 20 meteorological categories. These categories were developed through the cluster analysis of 3-day progressions of 85-kPa wind flow over eastern North America. The purpose for developing the categories was to identify recurring atmospheric transport patterns that were associated with differing amounts of wet sulfate (SO2−4) and nitrate (NO−3) deposition at a variety of locations in eastern North America. Identification of these patterns was necessary to facilitate the selection of time periods for simulation by the Regional Acid Deposition Model and in the development of a method for estimating long-term acidic deposition over eastern North America from a limited number of model runs. The effectiveness of this method (referred to as the aggregation method) was expected to be dependent on the ability of the categories to separate structure in wet deposition patterns. This paper describes the determination of the 20 meteorological categories and demonstrates that there were differences in their meteorological and chemical behavior and in their frequency of occurrence. Observations of precipitation and wet SO2−4 and NO−3 deposition from 22 sites in eastern North America and multiple regression models were used to demonstrate that there were statistically significant differences in deposition among categories and that knowledge of meteorological category explained some of the variation in wet deposition. The best statistical correlation, which was based upon precipitation amount, time of year, and meteorological category, explained 35%&#x96;83% (28%&#x96; 76%) of the observed variation in wet SO2−4 (NO−3) deposition depending on location. On average, across all sites and for both SO2−4 and NO−3, knowledge of category accounted for about 4% of the variation. The minimum amount explained by category was 1% and the maximum was 13%.

EGGS OF SIALIS (SIALIDAE: MEGALOPTERA) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Canterbury ◽  
S. E. Neff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Specific Determination

AbstractEgg masses and eggs of Sialis hasta, S. iola, S. joppa, S. infumata, S. aequalis, S. vagans, S. glabella, S. mohri, S. velata, and S. itasca are described using SEM micrographs. Diagnostic characteristics of chorion surface and micropylar structure and a key for specific determination of eggs of these 10 species are given. Oviposition is confined to leaves and twigs near or overhanging water. Eggs are oriented either vertically or horizontally in the egg mass, and hatch in 5 to 10 days in the laboratory. Hatching larvae are aided by an egg burster which tears the chorion and aids in removing the embryonic envelope.

scholarly journals Characterization of Species of Diaporthe from Wood Cankers of Grape in Eastern North American Vineyards

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Baumgartner ◽  
Phillip T. Fujiyoshi ◽  
Renaud Travadon ◽  
Lisa A. Castlebury ◽  
Wayne F. Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
History Of

In eastern North America, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, caused by Phomopsis viticola, is a foliar disease of grape but, in the Mediterranean climate of western North America, P. viticola is primarily associated with wood cankers, along with other Diaporthe spp. To determine the identity of wood-infecting Diaporthe spp. in eastern North America, 65 isolates were cultured from 190 wood-canker samples from 23 vineyards with a history of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot. Identification of 29 representative isolates was based initially on morphology, followed by phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, elongation factor subunit 1-α, and actin in comparison with those of type specimens. Three species were identified: P. viticola, P. fukushii, and Diaporthe eres. Inoculations onto woody stems of potted Vitis labruscana ‘Concord’ and V. vinifera ‘Chardonnay’ showed that D. eres and P. fukushii were pathogenic (mean lesion lengths of 7.4 and 7.1 mm, respectively, compared with 3.5 mm for noninoculated controls) but significantly less so than wood-canker and leaf-spot isolates of P. viticola (13.5 mm). All three species infected pruning wounds of Concord and Chardonnay in the field. Our finding of pathogenic, wood-infecting Diaporthe spp. in all 23 vineyards suggests a frequent co-occurrence of the foliar symptoms of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot and wood cankers, although the latter are not always due to P. viticola.

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