Winter effect on soil microorganisms under different tillage and phosphorus management practices in eastern Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichao Shi ◽  
Roger Lalande ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Noura Ziadi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Winter Conditions

Determining how soil microorganisms respond to crop management systems during winter could further our understanding of soil phosphorus (P) transformations. This study assessed the effects of tillage (moldboard plowing or no-till) and P fertilization (0, 17.5, or 35 kg P·ha−1) on soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activity, and microbial community structure in winter, in a long-term (18 years) corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation established in 1992 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Soil samples were collected at 2 depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in February 2010 and 2011 after the soybean and the corn growing seasons, respectively. Winter conditions increased the amounts of soil microbial biomasses but reduced the overall enzymatic activity of the soil, as compared with fall levels after corn. P fertilization had a quadratic effect on the amounts of total, bacterial, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi phospholipid fatty acid markers after corn but not after soybean. The soil microbial community following the soybean and the corn crops in winter had a different structure. These findings suggest that winter conditions and crop-year could be important factors affecting the characteristics of the soil microbial community under different tillage and mineral P fertilization.

Impact of Humics and Plants on Microbial Community and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Contaminated Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Hai Hua Jiao ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jian Gang Pan ◽  
De Cai Jin ◽  
Zhan Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

A greenhouse pot experiment, in which 3 different crops (wheat, cabbage, spinach) were cultivated in soil with and without humics (HS), was conducted to evaluate the effect of HS on soil microbiological properties. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were analyzed to reveal the microbial community structure. As a measure of the functional activity of soil microbial community, the ratio of degraded to total petroleum hydrocarbon in soil was estimated. The results indicated that HS had an important effect on the soil microbial community and its functional activities. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) of the PLFA signatures revealed marked changes between soil with HS and without HS. In addition, the total amount and the profile of PLFA were significantly different between the untreated and HS-amended soils. Using PLFA patterns as a biomarker, it was found that gram-positive bacteria (G+) were more sensitive to HS than gram-negative bacteria (G-), and the biomass of G+ was higher in soil with HS than in that without HS. Second, the crop could stimulate the growth of soil microorganisms; however, the differences depended clearly on the crop species. The G+ and G- biomass was increased in spinach soil containing HS, but was decreased in wheat and cabbage soils. The population of fungi was increased in wheat and spinach soils containing HS, but was decreased in cabbage soil. The population of actinomycetes was increased in cabbage soil, but was decreased in wheat and spinach soils containing HS. Third, the ratio of degraded to total petroleum hydrocarbon was also affected by the HS treatment. It was slightly increased in soil with HS treatment, but a significant change depended on the crop species. In general, fatty acids ranged from C13 to C19. In total, 25 different PLFAs were identified, including saturated (SAT), monounsaturated (MUFA), branched (BR), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) species. There was a clear difference in the PLFA composition between soils with and without HS.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Community Structure and Target Organisms under Different Fumigation Treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadikshya R. Dangi ◽  
James S. Gerik ◽  
Rebecca Tirado-Corbalá ◽  
Husein Ajwa
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Field Samples

Producers of several high-value crops in California rely heavily on soil fumigants to control key diseases, nematodes, and weeds. Fumigants with broad biocidal activity can affect both target and nontarget soil microorganisms. The ability of nontarget soil microorganisms to recover after fumigation treatment is critical because they play an important role in sustaining the health of agricultural and natural soil systems. Fumigation trial was conducted in Parlier, CA, and the study focuses on the effects of different rates of Telone C35 and also methyl bromide fumigation with polyethylene (PE) and totally impermeable film (TIF) tarps on target and nontarget soil microorganisms using field samples. Results indicated that the populations of target organisms, such asFusarium oxysporumandPythiumspp., were reduced at all rates of fumigants. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis indicated that all major nontarget soil microbial groups such as Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were affected by methyl bromide (MeBr) fumigation treatment. In general, the effects of Telone C35 (299 L/ha) under PE tarp had the least impact on microbial community structure and better effect on controlling target microorganisms and, therefore, indicated the better option among fumigation treatments.

Soil Microbial Community Structure in Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) Garden Based on PLFA Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Dong Xue ◽  
Xiang Dong Huang ◽  
Lian Xue
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chronological Change

Understanding the chronological change in soil microbial community structure of tree peony garden ecosystem is important from ecological, environmental, and management perspectives. Soil samples were collected from three tree peony garden systems (5-, 12-, and 25-year-old tree peony gardens), and adjacent wasteland at Luoyang, Henan Province of China. Soil microbial community structure was analyzed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method. The bacterial and actinomycete PLFAs increased from the wasteland to 5-year-old tree peony garden and then decreased from the 5- to 25-year-old tree peony garden, and the fungal PLFA first increased and then decreased with the increasing planting years, with the greatest amount found in the 12-year-old tree peony garden. The conversion from the wasteland to tree peony garden resulted in a significant increase in Shannon index, Richness, and Evenness. However, with the succeeding development of tree peony garden ecosystems, Shannon index, Richness, and Evenness decreased from the 5- to 25-year-old tree peony garden.

scholarly journals Influence of different agricultural management practices on soil microbial community over dissipation time of two herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 646 ◽  
pp. 1478-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Delgado ◽  
Víctor Barba-Vicente ◽  
Jesús M. Marín-Benito ◽  
J. Mariano Igual ◽  
María J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Soil Microbial
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