Effectiveness of Fine Mesh Cylindrical Wedge-Wire Screens in Reducing Entrainment of Lake Michigan Ichthyoplankton

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H. Zeitoun ◽  
John A. Gulvas ◽  
Doyle B. Roarabaugh
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
June July ◽  
Open Pipe

Samples of ichthyoplankton entrained through 2.0-mm and 9.5-mm-slot opening cylindrical wedge-wire screens and through an open pipe (control) were collected in June, July, and August 1979, 1067 m off the southeast shore of Lake Michigan at a depth of 10.7 m. Screens were designed for a flow rate of 1.9 m3 min−1 at 15.2 cm s−1 through slot velocity. Ambient composition and density of ichthyoplankton were determined by net tows. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) larvae were common in both entrainment and tow collections. Eggs were found almost exclusively in entrainment collections. Ambient larval fish densities were about 11 times greater than those found in entrainment collections. Total entrainments through either screen and the open pipe were not statistically significant. Larval avoidance and, to a lesser extent, screen exclusion were responsible for the low entrainment. We estimated that about 90% of native fish larvae at the site avoided pumping.Key words: Lake Michigan, fish larvae, fish eggs, ichthyoplankton, entrainment, power plants, avoidance

Cyclopoid Predation on Lake Michigan Fish Larvae

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hartig ◽  
David J. Jude ◽  
Marlene S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Diacyclops Thomasi ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Cyclopoid predation on fish larvae, as evidenced by copepods attached to larvae in field collections, was quantitatively investigated during 1975–76 in southeastern Lake Michigan. Although six species of fish larvae were collected, predation occurred primarily (98%) on alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus); 2% of the predators were attached to spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) larvae. No cyclopoids were observed on rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), or sculpin (Cottus spp.) larvae. Most alewife larvae attacked were 3–8 mm long; older larvae and larvae of more robust species, such as yellow perch and spottail shiner, are apparently immune to such predation. Most predation (99%) occurred in July when alewife larvae were numerous and cyclopoids abundant. Fish larvae with attached copepods were found only in night collections. Most cyclopoid predators (99%) were adult female Diacyclops thomasi and Acanthocyclops vernalis. Other predaceous species of zooplankton, that occurred in close temporal and spatial proximity to fish larvae, apparently were not predaceous on these organisms.Key words: Alosa pseudoharengus larvae, Notropis hudsonius larvae, Diacyclops thomasi, Acanthocyclops vernalis, cyclopoid predation, Lake Michigan

Entrainment of Larval Fish by the Douglas Point Generating Station, Lake Huron, in Relation to Seasonal Succession and Distribution

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. M. Kelso ◽  
John K. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Early Fall

Larval fish were sampled by net in Lake Huron and the Douglas Point generating station throughout spring, summer, and early fall 1975. Dominance shifted from fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) to rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) then to ale-wife (Alosa pseudoharengus) from late April to late September. Entrainment of the major species paralleled dominance and abundance observed in the lake, but yellow perch (Perca flavescens), brook stickleback (Eucalia inconstans), and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) caught in the lake — each ranging from 5 to 25% of the total catch — were not entrained. Conversely, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) was entrained but not captured in the lake. Size of individuals entrained, upper limit approx. 40 mm, paralleled size of individuals in the lake. Vertical distribution, and thus proximity to the submerged intake, greatly influenced entrainment rate. Key words: larval fish, entrainment, power plant, distribution, abundance.

Complementarity in the Use of Food and Thermal Habitat by Lake Michigan Fishes

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry B. Crowder ◽  
John J. Magnuson ◽  
Stephen B. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Thermal Habitat ◽  
Young Of The Year

The potential for ecological segregation of Lake Michigan fishes was examined by comparing diets and thermal habitat use of common species. Samples were collected by bottom trawling (N = 68) off Grand Haven, Michigan, September 7–13, 1977. Five common species exhibited complementarity in the use of food and thermal habitat resources. During the day, adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) had similar diets but occupied somewhat different thermal habitats. Young-of-the-year (YOY) alewives segregated from adult alewife and rainbow smelt on both habitat and food. Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), YOY alewives, and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) used similar thermal habitats but fed on different prey. Trout-perch (Percopsis osmiscomaycus) tended to segregate from the others based on both food and thermal habitat but may experience diffuse competition. Adults of the three native species consume entirely different prey than exotic alewife and rainbow smelt. The native species which declined during the invasion of alewife and rainbow smelt were those with apparently similar habitat and food requirements to the exotics. These data suggest that competition is important in maintaining the structure of the Lake Michigan fish community.Key words: competition, fishes, food, habitat, Lake Michigan, predation, temperature

Thermal Habitat Partitioning by Fishes in Lake Michigan

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Brandt ◽  
John J. Magnuson ◽  
Larry B. Crowder
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Thermal Habitat ◽  
Thermal Distribution ◽  
Niche Shifts

Thermal distribution of Lake Michigan fishes were determined by aimed bottom trawling (n = 68) along temperature isotherms (3–20 °C) in a region where the thermocline intersected the bottom off Grand Haven, Michigan, during September. Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), and trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) comprised 94% of the catch by numbers. Species segregated along temperature gradients. Patterns of thermal habitat partitioning were maintained despite rapid oscillations in thermocline location. Alewife, rainbow trout, and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) showed intraspecific differences in thermal distribution of size-classes. Thermal niche shifts of some fishes on the bottom apparently occur at dawn and dusk. Patterns of thermal resource use are considered in relation to competition, predation, and thermal ecology of the more common species.Key words: competition, fishes, habitat partitioning, Lake Michigan, predation, temperature

Recent Changes in the Inshore Forage Fish of Lake Michigan

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Jude ◽  
Frank J. Tesar
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Pelagic Larvae ◽  
Coregonus Hoyi ◽  
Predatory Pressure

Concerns have been expressed that increasing predatory pressure by salmonids may change the forage fish community of Lake Michigan. A decline in alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), the major forage fish, would be a forewarning of such a change. Our 1973–82 surveys showed that alewife declined 86% in 1980–82; concurrently, rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) increased threefold and fivefold, respectively. Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) and trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) showed no long-term changes. Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) increased 24-fold since commercial fishing was prohibited in 1976. These trends imply that (1) alewife declined from predatory pressure, (2) alewife suppressed rainbow smelt and yellow perch, presumably by preying on their pelagic larvae, (3) alewife did not substantially affect spottail shiner and trout-perch, presumably because their demersal larvae escaped alewife predation, and (4) overfishing, more than the alewife, suppressed bloater.

Diel and tidal abundance of fish larvae in a barrier-estuary channel in New South Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Trnski
Keyword(s):  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Common Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Marine Source ◽  
Nursery Habitats ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
June July

In four 24-h series of ichthyoplankton sampling during winter (June–July) 1996 in Swansea Channel (which connects Lake Macquarie with coastal waters of central New South Wales, Australia) 3367 fish larvae representing at least 77 species were collected. The larval fish community clustered by sampling date and by diel phase. Diel phase had a stronger influence on abundance of more common taxa than did tide phase, and also most influence on community structure. For most taxa there was no difference in abundance between flood and ebb tides, regardless of the estuarine or marine source of the eggs and larvae. All but two of 16 common species were present in Swansea Channel throughout their entire larval stage. The sparids Acanthopagrus australis and Rhabdosargus sarbawere present in the channel only at settlement-competent sizes. These two species showed evidence of selective presence in the channel during a particular diel or tidal phase, with A. australis apparently preferring night-flood tides, which would aid migration to the estuarine nursery habitats in Lake Macquarie. The ability or inclination to escape the strong bi-directional flows in channels seems limited to only a few taxa that appear to respond to physical cues and tidal current flows.

Prey fish exploitation, salmonine production, and pelagic food web efficiency in Lake Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S Rand ◽  
Donald J Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Time Model

Estimates of production and predation rates from bioenergetic models of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) suggest a long-term decline in their gross conversion efficiency (gross production/prey consumption) and the gross production to biomass ratio in Lake Ontario during 1978-1994. The former pattern was caused primarily by a declining trend in adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) energy density during 1978-1985; the latter pattern resulted from reductions in growth rates (coho salmon) and a buildup of the older age-classes in the population (lake trout) over time. Model results suggest that over 100 and 25% of the annual production of adult alewife and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), respectively, was consumed by salmonines during 1990 in Lake Ontario; hence, we claim that recent observations of reduced salmonine growth in Lake Ontario may be a result of prey limitation. Energy transfer from primary production to salmonines appeared to be more efficient in Lake Ontario than in Lake Michigan, probably due to higher stocking levels per unit area and higher densities of preferred prey fish in Lake Ontario. Through separate analyses, we arrived at conflicting conclusions concerning the sustainability of the food web configuration in Lake Ontario during 1990.

Interspecific Relations among Fish Species in South Bay, Lake Huron, 1949–84

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s10-s14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Henderson ◽  
F. E. J. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

Of the nine species caught in pound and gill nets in South Bay, Lake Huron (lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), splake (S. namaycush × S. fontinalis), burbot (Lota lota), lake hering (Coregonus artedii), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens)), only yellow perch, white sucker, and lake whitefish were significantly related to the abundances of all other fish species (multiple regression) from 1965 to 1984. For the longer period (pound nets 1949–84), all but smelt, burbot, and white sucker were dependent upon variations in the abundance of the nine other species. For the same period (1965–84) and species (nine), the abundances only of yellow perch and white suckers were significantly and positively related in two basins of the Bay. None of the inverse correlations between species abundances was significant in both basins. Within the Outer Basin, only the correlations between alewife and lake herring (r = −0.49, r = −0.45) and yellow perch and white sucker (r = +0.55, r = +0.47) were significant in the same direction for both time periods (1949–64 and 1965–84, respectively). We concluded that there was little evidence that the abundances of species were affected significantly by interspecific influences.

scholarly journals Are the Laurentian Great Lakes great enough for Hjort?

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Janssen ◽  
J. Ellen Marsden ◽  
Thomas R. Hrabik ◽  
Jason D. Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Fish Predator

Abstract Hjort's insights on marine fish recruitment and larval fish advection are presumed not applicable to freshwater lakes because most freshwater lakes are small. The Laurentian Great Lakes (LGL), however, are large enough for certain oceanic-type hydrodynamics, such as strong currents and upwelling, to affect the distribution and survival of larval fish and thus fall under Hjort's purview. However, there are evolutionary constraints because LGL species underwent an evolutionary bottleneck during glaciation, ∼10 000 years BP. We consider three narratives pertinent to both the spatial scale and the evolutionary time-scale of the LGL. The first reviews recent evidence of offshore advection and subsequent cross-lake dispersal of larval and juvenile yellow perch, a coastal demersal species in Lake Michigan. The second narrative suggests that biotic interactions, rather than spatial scale itself, could account for the transition in the critical period of Lake Michigan yellow perch period from a juvenile to a larval critical period. In the third narrative, we consider whether the deep LGL lack a significant native pelagic larval fish predator. We propose that the LGL, in combination with the older World's Great Lakes, present an opportunity to explore evolution and adaptation of fish to oceanic type physical conditions.

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