Use of Biochemical Genetic Markers to Discriminate between Adductor Muscles of the Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) and the Iceland Scallop (Chlamys islandica)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kenchington ◽  
K. S. Naidu ◽  
D. L. Roddick ◽  
D. I. Cook ◽  
E. Zouros
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Chlamys Islandica ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Enforcement Programme ◽  
Iceland Scallop ◽  
Species Specific

Three biochemical techniques were applied to adductor muscles of Placopecten magellanicus and Chlamys islandica, two commercially important scallops, to search for species-specific genetic markers. Allozyme electrophoresis identified two enzyme systems, mannose phosphate isomerase and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, which appear to be diagnostic. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene in each species showed 15 nucleotide differences over 1815 base pairs. Digestion of the gene with the restriction enzyme XHO I released two fragments in Placopecten and three in Chlamys. All three techniques could be developed for management purposes as part of an enforcement programme to identify illegally caught scallops.

scholarly journals Barcoding in trypanosomes

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHEL HUTCHINSON ◽  
JAMIE R. STEVENS
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Genetic Barcoding ◽  
The Ideal

SUMMARYTrypanosomes (genus Trypanosoma) are parasites of humans, and wild and domestic mammals, in which they cause several economically and socially important diseases, including sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in the Americas. Despite the development of numerous molecular diagnostics and increasing awareness of the importance of these neglected parasites, there is currently no universal genetic barcoding marker available for trypanosomes. In this review we provide an overview of the methods used for trypanosome detection and identification, discuss the potential application of different barcoding techniques and examine the requirements of the ‘ideal’ trypanosome genetic barcode. In addition, we explore potential alternative genetic markers for barcoding Trypanosoma species, including an analysis of phylogenetically informative nucleotide changes along the length of the 18S rRNA gene.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis on Imported Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri Malaria Cases from West and South Africa during 2013-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Hyun-Il Shin ◽  
Bora Ku ◽  
Yu Jung Kim ◽  
Tae Yun Kim ◽  
Shin-Hyeong Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plasmodium Ovale ◽  
Molecular Monitoring ◽  
Plasmodium Ovale Curtisi ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Majority of the imported malaria cases in Korea is attributed to <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> infections, whereas <i>P. malariae</i> and <i>P. ovale</i> infections are very rare. Falciparum and ovale malaria are mostly imported from Africa, while most of the vivax malaria cases are imported from Southeast Asia. Here, we report 6 Korean imported ovale malaria cases (4 males and 2 females) who had visited in Africa during 2013-2016. These subjects were diagnosed with <i>P. ovale</i> based on microscopic findings, <i>Plasmodium</i> species-specific nested-PCR, and phylogenetic clade using 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified 2 <i>P. ovale</i> subtypes, 1 <i>P. ovale curtisi</i> (classic type) and 5 <i>P. ovale wallikeri</i> (variant type). All patients were treated with chloroquine and primaquine, and no relapse or recrudescence was reported for 1 year after treatment. With increase of travelers to the countries where existing Plasmodium species, the risk of <i>Plasmodium</i> infection is also increasing. Molecular monitoring for imported malaria parasites should be rigorously and continuously performed to enable diagnosis and certification of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp.

scholarly journals Short-term responses to ocean acidification: effects on relative abundance of eukaryotic plankton from the tropical Timor Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Sahar Khodami ◽  
Lisa Voskuhl ◽  
Matthew P. Humphreys ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Timor Sea ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions drive climate change and pose one of the major challenges of our century. The effects of increased CO2 in the form of ocean acidification (OA) on the communities of marine planktonic eukaryotes in tropical regions such as the Timor Sea are barely understood. Here, we show the effects of high CO2 (pCO2=1823±161 μatm, pHT=7.46±0.05) versus in situ CO2 (pCO2=504±42 μatm, pHT=7.95±0.04) seawater on the community composition of marine planktonic eukaryotes immediately and after 48 hours of treatment exposure in a shipboard microcosm experiment. Illumina sequencing of the V9 hypervariable region of 18S rRNA (gene) was used to study the eukaryotic community composition. Down-regulation of extracellular carbonic anhydrase occurred faster in the high CO2 treatment. Increased CO2 significantly suppressed the relative abundances of different eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including important primary producers. These effects were consistent between abundant (DNA-based) and active (cDNA-based) taxa after 48 hours, e.g., for the diatoms Trieres chinensis and Stephanopyxis turris. Effects were also very species-specific among different diatoms. Planktonic eukaryotes showed adaptation to the CO2 treatment over time, but many OTUs were adversely affected by decreasing pH. OA effects might fundamentally impact the base of marine biodiversity, suggesting profound outcomes for food web functioning in the future ocean.

scholarly journals Detection of Four Plasmodium Species in Blood from Humans by 18S rRNA Gene Subunit-Based and Species-Specific Real-Time PCR Assays

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 5636-5643 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rougemont ◽  
M. Van Saanen ◽  
R. Sahli ◽  
H. P. Hinrikson ◽  
J. Bille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Species Specific

Effects of temperature and predator on the persistence of host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella genetic markers in water

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayano Kobayashi ◽  
Daisuke Sano ◽  
Satoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Agitation Time ◽  
Human Specific

Genetic markers derived from Bacteroidales spp. have been proposed as promising indicators for fecal contamination in the water environment. However, little is known about the persistency of Bacteroidales spp. 16S rRNA genetic markers in the natural environment, which hampers the precise identification of fecal contamination sources. In this study, the persistency of human-specific Bacteroidales spp. genetic markers in river water was investigated during a 3-week agitation. The copy number of Bacteroidales spp. genetic marker was decreased with agitation time, and was very sensitive to water temperature. After the 3-week agitation, three clones of 18S rRNA gene related to Glaucoma scintillans, Spumella-like flagellate, and Colpidium campylum were acquired. The presence of predators that can prey on target bacteria could also be a critical factor affecting the quantified value of genetic markers. It is very important to take these factors, water temperature and the presence of predator, into account for predicting the fate of genetic markers to accurately identify fecal pollution sources.

scholarly journals 18S rRNA Gene Variation among Common Airborne Fungi, and Development of Specific Oligonucleotide Probes for the Detection of Fungal Isolates

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5389-5397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Wu ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura ◽  
Göran Blomquist ◽  
Xiao-Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

ABSTRACT In this study, we sequenced 18S rRNA genes (rDNA) from 49 fungal strains representing 31 species from 15 genera. Most of these species are common airborne fungi and pathogens that may cause various public health concerns. Sequence analysis revealed distinct divergence between Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Within Ascomycota, several strongly supported clades were identified that facilitate the taxonomic placement of several little-studied fungi. Wallemia appeared as the group most diverged from all the other Ascomycota species. Based on the 18S rDNA sequence variation, 108 oligonucleotide probes were designed for each genus and species included in this study. After homology searches and DNA hybridization evaluations, 33 probes were verified as genus or species specific. The optimal hybridization temperatures to achieve the best specificity for these 33 probes were determined. These new probes can contribute to the molecular diagnostic research for environmental monitoring.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Identification of Fusarium oxysporum Sch. Isolated From Guava Wilt in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zakir Hussain ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam ◽  
MA Latif ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Species Specific

Wilt of guava plants (Psidium guajava L.) is a serious disease in Bangladesh. Sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum Sch. were collected from the root and stem fragments of guava plants growing in six districts of Bangladesh. Species identity was based on the colony character, nature of conidiogenous cell, morphology of microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores. Eleven isolates were confirmed as F. oxysporum through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species specific primers designed from the conserved regions of 18S rRNA gene. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11082 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 49-54, 2012 (June)

scholarly journals Design of primer pairs for species-specific diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi using PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo José da Silveira Neto ◽  
Sabrina Castilho Duarte ◽  
Hérika Xavier da Costa ◽  
Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Species Specific

The objective of this study was to design and evaluate new primers for species-specific detection of L. infantum chagasi using PCR. Two combinations of primer pairs were established with the aim of obtaining specific amplification products from the L. infantum chagasi 18S rRNA gene. The combinations of the primer pairs and the respective sizes of the PCR products, based on the U422465 GenBank reference sequence of L. infantum chagasi, were: LCS1/LCS3 (259 bp) and LCS2/LCS3 (820 bp). It was concluded that the new PCR assays optimized using the primer pairs LCS1/LCS3 and LCS2/LCS3 were effective for specific detection of L. infantum chagasi, with analytical sensitivity to detect 1 pg/µL of DNA.

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