Two kinds of sex ratio distorters in a moth, Ostrinia scapulalis

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kageyama ◽  
Gen Nishimura ◽  
Sugihiko Hoshizaki ◽  
Yukio Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Ostrinia Scapulalis ◽  
Ftsz Gene ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Characteristic Product

We surveyed female-biased sex ratio traits (SR traits) in a moth, Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from six geographic locations in Japan. A small proportion (8.3%) of females showed the SR trait. About half of them were associated with a Wolbachia infection (SRw+), whereas the remaining ones were not (SRw–). No significant differences in frequencies were detected among locations and years for either SRw+ or SRw– females. In SRw+ matrilines, the SR trait was inherited. Curing the Wolbachia infection by tetracycline at the larval stages resulted in all-male broods in the next generation. These characteristics were identical to the Wolbachia-induced SR trait observed previously in the related species Ostrinia furnacalis. The Wolbachia strain in O. scapulalis was indistinguishable from that in O. furnacalis in terms of the wsp and ftsZ gene sequences, suggesting either that infection originated from a common ancestor of the two hosts or that Wolbachia was transmitted horizontally between the host species. In SRw– matrilines, on the other hand, the SR trait was not due to bacterial infection but some other maternally inherited element, since antibiotic treatment had no effect and bacterial PCR did not give the characteristic product. In these matrilines, the SR trait occasionally failed to show, suggesting the presence of nuclear factor(s) suppressing the SR trait.Key words: Ostrinia scapulalis, Lepidoptera, maternal inheritance, sex ratio, Wolbachia.

Sexual mosaics induced by tetracycline treatment in the Wolbachia-infected adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kageyama ◽  
Suguru Ohno ◽  
Sugihiko Hoshizaki ◽  
Yukio Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Abnormal Structure ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Ostrinia Scapulalis ◽  
Tetracycline Treatment

Wolbachia-infected Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) females generate all-female or nearly all-female broods. Curing the infection by tetracycline treatment during larval stages results in the generation of all-male broods in the next generation. Here we show that sexually mosaic offspring are produced by Wolbachia-infected females treated with tetracycline at the adult stage. The sexual mosaics had wings that were composed of distinctive female and male sectors. Besides wings, the sexually dimorphic mid tibiae displayed an intermediate morphology in some of the mosaics. Many of the mosaic individuals had an abnormal structure of the external genitalia as well, a combination of the male uncus and the female ovipositor. We assume that Wolbachia has a feminizing effect on O. scapulalis genetic males and, hence, incomplete curing of the Wolbachia infection results in the generation of sexually mosaic individuals.Key words: feminization, Ostrinia scapulalis, sexual mosaic, tetracycline, Wolbachia.

No room for males in caves: Female‐biased sex ratio in subterranean amphipods of the genus Niphargus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Premate ◽  
Špela Borko ◽  
Simona Kralj‐Fišer ◽  
Michael Jennions ◽  
Žiga Fišer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio

Male-biased sex ratio in Argulus canadensis Wilson, 1916 (Crustacea: Branchiura) ectoparasitic on sticklebacks

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2078-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Poulin ◽  
Gerard J. FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fish Hosts

Females of the ectoparasitic crustacean Argulus canadensis must leave their fish hosts at least temporarily to deposit their eggs on the substrate. To test the hypothesis that this difference in reproductive behaviour between the two sexes could result in male-biased sex ratios on their stickleback hosts, we sampled sticklebacks in tide pools of a Quebec salt marsh from early July to early September 1986. During this period, fish harboured significantly more male than female A. canadensis. Laboratory experiments were done to test two alternative hypotheses offered to explain this biased sex ratio. The first hypothesis was that male A. canadensis were more successful than females in attacking their stickleback hosts; however, we found no differences in attack success on their hosts between the two parasite sexes. The second hypothesis was that sticklebacks ate more female than male A. canadensis. Although males were less vulnerable to fish predation than females, the difference was not significant. We conclude that sexual differences in reproductive behaviour, i.e., egg deposition behaviour of females, can account for the male-biased sex ratio of A. canadensis on sticklebacks.

Female-Biased Sex Ratio at Hatching in the Green Woodhoopoe

The Auk ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Ligon ◽  
Sandra H. Ligon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio

Variably male-biased sex ratio in a marine bird with females larger than males

Oecologia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Torres ◽  
Hugh Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Marine Bird ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio

Effects of phytoseiid predators on the sex ratio of the spider mite Panonychus ulmi

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan L. Johnson ◽  
Heather C. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Male Activity

The effect of predator presence on the adult sex ratio of a spider mite (Panonychus ulmi) was examined in a field experiment. Phytoseiid predators (chiefly Typhlodromus occidentalis) were removed from 32 trees harboring P. ulmi populations, and allowed to remain at natural levels on 32 other trees. Both total population density and proportion of males in the prey population were significantly higher in predator-free trees. Mechanisms that could explain the increase in the proportion of males are examined. The most probable is that greater male activity results in a higher encounter rate between predator and prey, and that subsequent higher male mortality when predators are present exaggerates the female-biased sex ratio. The theoretical effects of sex-biased predation on diplo-diploid and haplo-diploid organisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Complete Mitogenomic Structure and Phylogenetic Implications of the Genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Yanling Dong ◽  
Pingping Qiao ◽  
Zhaofu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Region ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Ostrinia Scapulalis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rna Genes

To understand mitogenome characteristics and reveal phylogenetic relationships of the genus Ostrinia, including several notorious pests of great importance for crops, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of four species: Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée, 1854), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner, 1796), Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker, 1859) and Ostrinia zealis (Guenée, 1854). Results indicate that the four mitogenomes—O. furnacalis, O. nubilalis, O. scapulalis, and O. zealis—are 15,245, 15,248, 15,311, and 15,208 bp in size, respectively. All four mitogenomes are comprised of 37 encoded genes and a control region. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with ATN and terminate with TAN, with the exception of cox1 that starts with CGA, and cox1, cox2, and nad5 that terminate with an incomplete codon T. All transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) present the typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for the trnS1 (AGN) gene. There are some conserved structural elements in the control region. Our analyses indicate that nad6 and atp6 exhibit higher evolution rates compared to other PCGs. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomes using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods revealed the relationship (O. palustralis + (O. penitalis + (O. zealis + (O. furnacalis + (O. nubilalis + O. scapulalis))))) within Ostrinia.

scholarly journals Female biased sex-ratio in Schistosoma mansoni after exposure to an allopatric intermediate host strain of Biomphalaria glabrata

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M.J. Lepesant ◽  
Jérôme Boissier ◽  
Déborah Climent ◽  
Céline Cosseau ◽  
Christoph Grunau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Host Strain ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio

Infection by a vertically-transmitted microsporidian parasite is associated with a female-biased sex ratio and survival advantage in the amphipod Gammarus roeseli

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. HAINE ◽  
S. MOTREUIL ◽  
T. RIGAUD
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Host Fitness ◽  
Gammarus Roeseli ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Specific Virulence

SUMMARYVertically transmitted parasites may have positive, neutral or negative effects on host fitness, and are also predicted to exhibit sex-specific virulence to increase the proportion or fitness of the transmitting sex. We investigated these predictions in a study on the survival and sex ratio of offspring of the amphipod Gammarus roeseli from females infected by the vertically transmitted microsporidia Nosema granulosis. We found, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a positive relationship between N. granulosis infection and host survival. Infection was associated with sex ratio distortion, not by male-killing, but probably by parasite-induced feminization of putative G. roeseli males. This microsporidia also feminizes another amphipod host, Gammarus duebeni, which is phylogenetically and biogeographically distant from G. roeseli. Our study suggests that the reproductive system of gammarids is easily exploited by these vertically-transmitted parasites, although the effects of infections on host fitness may depend on specific host-parasite species interactions.

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