This chapter discusses the Irish Buddhist monk U Dhammaloka’s activities in Burma in 1907–8, notably establishing the Buddhist Tract Society (BTS). This organization largely republished Western freethinking (atheist) arguments in order to challenge Christian missionaries, and by implication colonial authority. The chapter discusses the practicalities of publishing as a form of social movement organizing, with reference to what is known about the BTS’s activities. It explores those BTS tracts whose content is known, and traces their intellectual sources. It further discusses the roots of Dhammaloka’s own freethought with reference to atheism and anti-clericalism in Ireland, Britain, the United States, and Asia, arguing that Dhammaloka was a characteristic product of the radical working-class intellectualism of the period.
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