MEIOTIC PAIRING BETWEEN SINGLE CHROMOSOMES OF DIPLOID AGROPYRON ELONGATUM AND DECAPLOID A. ELONGATUM IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum

It is shown that meiotic pairing between single chromosomes of closely related taxa can be studied in hybrids between alien addition and substitution lines. Using this technique, two chromosomes of diploid A. elongatum which appear to be homoeologous with wheat chromosomes of groups 6 and 7 were shown to pair with chromosomes of decaploid A. elongatum which are also homoeologous with wheat chromosomes of groups 6 and 7. Hence, pairing of these chromosomes verified the suggested homoeology among these chromosomes.Meiotic pairing was also studied in 2 hybrid progenies which carried specific telosomes of diploid A. elongatum in addition to a set of 7 Agropyron chromosomes which came from decaploid A. elongatum. The telosomes paired with the decaploid A. elongatum chromosomes in these hybrids. Hence, four chromosomes of diploid A. elongatum were shown to pair in common wheat with chromosomes of decaploid A. elongatum. Since pairing between diploid A. elongatum and decaploid A. elongatum chromosomes was generally low, it is suggested that the chromosomes assigned to the same group are not homologous but rather closely homoeologous.

Natural or induced nucleocytoplasmic heterogeneity in Triticum longissimum

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Maan
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Selfish Gene ◽  
Group 4

Alien cytoplasms produce a variety of phenotypes in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, which indicate the prevalence of cytoplasmic variability in the subtribe Triticinae. Intraspecific cytoplasmic differences have been demonstrated between the subspecies of Triticum speltoides, Triticum dichasians, and Triticum comosum. In this study, durum wheat lines with cytoplasm from two accessions, B and C, of Triticum longissimum were compared, and meiotic chromosome pairing between the group 4 homoeologues from the same two accessions was examined in common wheat. First, monosomic addition or monosomic substitution lines of common wheat with cytoplasm and one chromosome (designated B) from accession B were crossed with those having cytoplasm and a chromosome designated C-1 or C-2 from accession C. In each substitution line, an alien chromosome substituted for a group 4 homoeologue. Each alien chromosome had a "selfish" (Sf) gene, which remained fixed in the wheat nucleus. The F1s had greatly reduced meiotic pairing between chromosomes B and C-1 and B and C-2, which indicated greatly reduced homology between the group 4 homoeologues from the two accessions. Second, by using Triticum timopheevii as a bridging species, chromosome B in a common wheat line was eliminated and an euploid durum line with cytoplasm from accession B was obtained. This line was fertile. In contrast, a similarly produced durum line with cytoplasm from accession C was male sterile and retained a species cytoplasm specific (scs) nuclear gene from T. timopheevii. In conclusion, nuclear and cytoplasmic heterogeneity pre-existed between accessions B and C and they represent varieties or incipient subspecies in T. longissimum. Alternatively, the Sf genes produced chromosomal heterogeneity and mutated cytoplasmic genes from one or both accessions. Key words : meiotic drive, selfish gene (Sf), gametocidal gene (Gc), Triticum, Aegilops.

The effect of substitution of chromosome 5S1 of Aegilops longissima for its wheat homoeologues on spike morphology and on several quantitative traits

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Millet ◽  
Y. Avivi ◽  
M. Zaccai ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
Group 5

Each pair of homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Chinese Spring was replaced by the homoeologous pair 5S1 of Aegilops longissima. The resulting substitution lines were selected by the isozyme markers SKDH or TPI-2 as well as by the presence of 21 bivalents at meiosis. In lines lacking 5B, the alien chromosome could not compensate for the missing Ph1 allele, as was evident by multivalent formation at meiosis and by reduced fertility. In the absence of 5A, chromosome 5S1 not only failed to compensate for the occurrence of spike speltoidy but enhanced its expression. Chromosome 5S1 had a moderate dosage effect on reducing plant height and promoting earliness. When added to the genome of common wheat, this chromosome induced a considerable increase in grain weight, but it could not compensate for the absence of a pair of any of its homoeologues. Other yield components were negatively affected in both addition and substitution lines, as well as in other aneuploids. Grain protein percentage of the different lines was negatively related to their yield per spike. This rendered difficult the evaluation of genes for grain protein percentage. The implication of the obtained results on the use of alien genes for wheat improvement is discussed.Key words: substitution lines, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Aegilops longissima, alien chromosomes, quantitative traits.

Transmission of a chromosome from decaploid Agropyron elongatum that confers resistance to the wheat curl mite in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tulipae ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Meiotic Analyses

One of the group 6 chromosomes from Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. confers resistance to colonization by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae Keifer). The transmission of this chromosome was evaluated when added to or substituted for the group 6 homoeologues in two cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Female transmission of the alien chromosome was similar for all substitutions (8.9%) but significantly less than expected. Male transmission (39.7%) differed among the substituted chromosomes and also was lower than expected except for the substitution involving chromosome 6A. These reduced transmission frequencies were reflected in lower than expected resistance in the F2 progeny. Both male (14.5%) and female (5.2%) transmission of the alien chromosome were reduced in monosomic additions. Meiotic analyses detected all expected F2 cytotypes but some of their frequencies differed among the substituted chromosomes. A possible wheat –alien translocation was detected in BC1F1 progeny.Key words: Agropyron elongatum, Thinopyrum, Elytrigia, Lyphopyrum, wheat curl mite, chromosome substitution.

Evidence for the multiplicity of alleles at Vrn1, the winter–spring habit locus in common wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts ◽  
M. D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome 5A ◽  
The Common

Changes in the number of days to first emergence of the spike head with increasing duration of vernalization were examined in the common wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Rescue,' 'Winalta,' 'Kharkov 22 MC,' and the disomic substitution lines of 'Winalta' and 'Kharkov 22 MC possessing the 5A chromosome from 'Rescue.' The data suggest the existence of three Vrn1 alleles in addition to the Vrn1 allele which occurs in 'Cadet.'Key words: vernalization, Triticum, Vrn alleles, chromosome 5A.

Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽  
LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

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