The Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) on Brain Injury Repair and Synapse Regeneration in Mice Under Different Conditions of Intrauterine Ischemia and Hypoxia Through Wnt Pathway

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be differentiated into a variety of cells and repair damaged cells. We explore whether BMSCs can repair brain damage and synapses regeneration in mice under intrauterine ischemia and hypoxia. Twenty-five pregnant mice were assigned into control group, 6% hypoxic injury group, 8% hypoxic injury group, 6% treatment group, 8% treatment group followed by analysis of the expression of MBP, MAG, CSPGs, IGF-1, NCAN, COLIV, SynD1G1, GFAP, GSK-3β, and β-actin by RT-PCR and Western blot. Our results showed that the expression of MBP, MAG, COL IV, SynD1G1, IGF-1 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in hypoxic injury group with significant differences between the 8% treatment group and 6% treatment group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BMSCs can repair brain damage and synapse regeneration in mice under different intrauterine ischemia and hypoxia conditions which might be through Wnt signaling pathway.

Prevalence of Depression among 6–15 Years of Age

Background: Aim: To assess cases of depression in children. Methods:Eighty- nine children age ranged 6-15 years of either gender were included. The level of depression among children was determined with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).Results:Age group 6-10 years had 24, 10-12 years had 30 and 12-15 years had 35 children. Boys were 55 and girls were 34. Residence was urban in 39 and rural in 50. Family type was joint in 52 and nuclear in 37. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). 35% not at all felt little interest or pleasure in doing things, 52% not at all felt down depressed, 46% not at all felt trouble falling or staying asleep, 34% not at all felt tired, 60% not at all felt bad about yourself, 68% not at all felt trouble concentrating on things, 70% not at all felt moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed, 82% not at all felt thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in the some way. Level of depression was not at all in 12%, minimal in 35%, mild in 42%, moderate in 10% and severe in 1%. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).Conclusions:Most of the children had mild and minimal depression. Most of the children had feeling tired.

Group 6 transition metal-based molecular catalysts for sustainable catalytic CO2 reduction

The alarming growth in atmospheric CO2 has emerged as one of the prime concerns in the context of climate change. The power, petroleum, and construction sectors are the major contributors...

Er:YAG laser irradiation enhances bacterial and lipopolysaccharide clearance and human gingival fibroblast adhesion on titanium discs

To investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium disks. Grade IV titanium discs (n = 216) were used and allocated to 6 groups. Group 1 was the negative control without Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation. Discs in Groups 2–6 were incubated with P. gingivalis to form a biofilm. Group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine irrigation and Group 4 received titanium curettage to remove the biofilm. Group 5 was treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation and Group 6 was treated with titanium curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation. The contact angle and surface roughness were measured after the various treatments. The surface microstructure and residual bacteria were examined using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Residual LPS was examined using a limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and human gingival fibroblast adhesion was quantified using fluorescent microscopy. Curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective method for removing bacteria and LPS. No significant difference in the amount of fibroblast adhesion was found between the control and Group 6. Combined use of Er:YAG laser irradiation and curettage optimizes LPS clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium discs.

Estimating the Influence of High Temperature on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence in China

The burden of disease caused by ambient high temperature has become a public health concern, but the association between high temperature and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remain indistinct. We used Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) to estimate the burden of disease attribute to high temperature, adjusting for long-term trend and weather confounders. Total 18167455 cases were reported in 31 Chinese provinces, the incidence of HFMD showed a gradually increasing trend from 2008 to 2017 in China. Minimum Mortality Temperature (MMT) was mainly concentrated at 17°C to 23°C in the age group less than 5 years old, 18°C to 25°C in the age group 6~10 years old and 19°C to 27°C in the age group above 10 years old. The greatest RR in age group 0~5 years old was 2.06 (95%CI: 1.85~2.30) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR was 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00~1.05) in Guangdong; the greatest RR in age group 6~10 years old was 2.24 (95%CI: 1.72~2.91) in Guizhou, and the lowest RR was 1.01 (95%CI: 0.97~1.12) in Tianjin; the greatest RR in the age group over 10 years old was 2.53 (95%CI: 1.66~3.87) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR 1.02 (95%CI: 0.71~1.46) in Henan. We found the positive association between high temperature and HFMD in China.

Evaluation of Mutagenesis, Necrosis and Apoptosis induced by Omeprazole in Stomach Cells of Patients with Gastritis

Background: Gastritis is a superficial and prevalent inflammatory lesion that is considered a public health concernoncecause gastric ulcers and gastric cancer, especially due to Helicobacter pylori infection. Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, are the most widely used drugs in order to treat this illness. The aim of the study was evaluating the cytogenetic effects of omeprazole in stomach epithelial cells of patients with gastritis in presence and absence of H. pylori, using to this the application of cytogenetic biomarkers and measurements of catalse and superoxide dismutase. Methods: The study included 152 patients from the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic of Hospital Getúlio Vargas, Teresina - PI, that reported the continuous and prolonged use of omeprazole in doses of 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg. The participants were divided into groups: (1) patients without gastritis (n = 32); (2) patients without gastritis but with use of OME (n = 24); (3) patients with gastritis (n = 26); (4) patients with gastritis undergoing OME therapy (n = 26); (5) patients with gastritis and H. pylori (n = 22) and (6) patients with gastritis and H. pylori on OME therapy (n = 22). Results: OME induces cytogenetic risks in the epithelium of the stomach due to the formation of micronuclei (group 6> 1,2,3,4,5; group 5> 1,2,3; group 4> 1,2,3); bridges (groups 4 and 6> 1,2,3,5 and group 2> 3,5); buds (groups 2,4,6>, 1,3,5); binucleated cells (group 6> 1,2,3,4,5; group 4> 1,2,3); groups 2 and 3> 1); picnoses (group 6> 1,2,3,4,5), groups 2 and 5> 1,3; group 4> 1,2,3,5); cariorrexis (groups 6 and 4> 1,2,3,5; groups 2,3,5> 1) and karyolysis (groups 2,4, and 6> 1,3,5; groups 3 and 5> 1). These data show that omeprazole induces cytogenetic risks, especially due to infection with H. pylori, thus indicating the clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects, chromosomes changing, gene expression, cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Conclusions: These risks can be attributed to several mechanisms that are still unclear, including oxidative damage, as observed by increases in catalase and superoxide dismutase. Positive correlations between these antioxidant enzymes were obtained with the formation of micronuclei, and negative for picnoses. Thus, the continuous and prolonged use of omeprazole induces genetic instability, which can be monitored, in cytogenetic analyzes, as anticipation for cancer, especially gastric.

Detection and genetic characterization of the novel torque teno virus group 6 in Taiwanese general population

Torque teno virus (TTV) is one of the most common human viruses and can infect an individual with multiple genotypes chronically and persistently. TTV group 6 is a recently discovered phylogenetic group first isolated from eastern Taiwan indigenes, but whether the TTV group 6 was also prevalent in the general population still unknown. One hundred and three randomly collected blood samples from general population and 66 TTV positive DNA samples extracted from Taiwan indigenes were included. A group-6-specific PCR was developed for re-screen over TTV positive samples. Two TTV group 6 positive samples from general population were cloned and sequenced for identifying mix-infected TTVs and confirming their classification by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogeny. TTV group 6 can be detected in 4.5% (4/89) and 7.6% (5/66) of TTV positive samples from Taiwanese general population and eastern Taiwan indigenes, respectively. Sample VC09 was mix-infected with TTV groups 3 and 6. Sample VC99 was mix-infected with TTV groups 3, 4 and 6. A highly diverse triple overlapping region was observed, which may represent a unique phenomenon of TTV. The group-6-specific PCR can successfully detect TTV group 6. TTV group 6 may be prevalent worldwide regardless of the geographic region and/or ethnic groups.

Additional benefit of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy on sepsis syndrome-associated acute kidney injury in rat treated with antibiotic

Background This study tested whether human induced-pluripotent stem-cell-derived mesenchymal-stem-cells (iPS-MSCs) would offer an additional benefit to the rodent with acute kidney injury (AKI) (ischemia for 1 h followed by reperfusion for 120 h) associated sepsis syndrome (SS) (by cecal-ligation-puncture immediately after AKI-induction) undergoing ciprofloxacin therapy. Results Male-adult SD rats (n = 80) were categorized into group 1 (sham-operated-control, n = 10), group 2 (AKI + SS, n = 24), group 3 (AKI + SS + ciprofloxacin/3 mg/kg, orally for 120 h, n = 12), group 4 (AKI + SS + iPS-MSCs/1.2 × 106/intravenously administered by 3 h after AKI, n = 12), group 5 (AKI + SS + iPS-MSCs/1.2 × 106/intravenously administered by 18 h after AKI, n = 12), group 6 (AKI + SS + iPS-MSCs/1.2 × 106/intravenously administered by 3 h after AKI induction + ciprofloxacin, n = 10] and euthanized by 120 h. The result showed that the mortality was significantly higher in group 2 than in other groups (all p < 0.01). The creatinine level was highest in group 2, lowest in group 1, significantly lower in group 6 than in groups 3, 4 and 5, (all p < 0.0001), but it showed no difference among the latter 3 groups. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the circulatory inflammatory cells (Ly6G/CD11b/c), early (AN-V+/PI−)/late (AN-V+/PI+) apoptosis, and circulatory/splenic immune cells (CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8a+) were highest in group 2, lowest in group 1, significantly lower in group 6 than in groups 3/4/5 and significantly lower in group 4 than in groups 3/5 (all p < 0.0001), but they showed no difference between groups 3/5. Protein expressions of oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX2/oxidized protein), apoptotic (cleaved-caspase3/cleaved-PARP/mitochondrial-Bax), fibrotic (TGF-ß/Smad3), inflammatory (MMP-9/IL-6/TNF-α) and autophagic (Atg5/Beclin) biomarkers in kidney exhibited an identical pattern of circulatory inflammatory cells (all p < 0.0001). Conclusion Combined iPS-MSCs-ciprofloxacin therapy was superior to either one alone for protecting AKI complicated by SS.