CHROMOSOME DOUBLING OF BARLEY HAPLOIDS BY NITROUS OXIDE AND COLCHICINE TREATMENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Subrahmanyam ◽  
K. J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Selective Elimination

Hybridization of Hordeum vulgare L. (2n = 14) with H. bulbosum L. (2n = 14) results in a high frequency of haploids of H. vulgare through selective elimination of H. bulbosum chromosomes. Doubled haploids were produced by nitrous oxide (N2O) or 0.1% colchicine with and without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatments. Pollinated florets (vulgare × bulbosum) were treated with N2O under 21.1 × 10−3 to 42.2 × 10−3 kg/m2 pressure (30 to 60 psi) and the frequency of doubled haploids ranged from 0 to 100%, depending upon pressure and duration of exposure. However, the frequency of seedlings from the most effective N2O doubling treatment was very low (0.5%) whereas 17% of the florets pollinated in the controls resulted in seedlings. Of the haploid seedlings treated with either 0.1% colchicine or colchicine plus DMSO, doubled sectors occurred in 37.4 and 55.8% respectively. Seed was also obtained from 3% of the untreated plants indicating a low frequency of natural chromosome doubling. The proportion of doubled tillers per plant was 61.6% in colchicine plus DMSO treatments and 30.8% in the colchicine treatments. Colchicine plus DMSO was the most efficient treatment for doubling barley haploids during early stages of development.

COMPARAISON ENTRE DES LIGNEES PEDIGREES ET DES LIGNEES HAPLOIDES DOUBLEES CHEZ L’ORGE (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE TURCOTTE ◽  
C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽  
KEH MING HO
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Time Required

Pedigree and doubled haploid lines from seven crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were compared over 2 years. The lines were tested, in a randomized complete block design, in row plots at Ste-Foy in 1977 and in hill plots at Brawley, California in 1978. There are significant differences between the two methods of pure line production for grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, plant height, resistance to lodging and date of maturity. Furthermore, these significant differences between doubled haploid and pedigree lines seem to be tied to wide crosses. After showing that doubled haploids are superior for resistance to lodging, we conclude that the use of doubled haploid lines must be seriously considered in a barley breeding program on the basis of improved selection efficiency and the short time required to get homozygous lines.

scholarly journals Nuclear fusion leads to chromosome doubling during mannitol pretreatment of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) microspores

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (359) ◽  
pp. 1227-1238
Author(s):  
K.J. Kasha ◽  
T.C. Hu ◽  
R. Oro ◽  
E. Simion ◽  
Y.S. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENES IN DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
E. Reinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Number Of Genes

It was shown that the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative character in a single cross can be estimated by dividing the square of the deviation of the most extreme doubled haploid from the sample mean by the genotypic variance of doubled haploids. The number of segregating genes was estimated for three characters in four crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was found that the number of segregating genes for grain yield, heading date, and plant height ranged from 5 to 11, 6 to 9, and 4 to 13, respectively.

Molecular changes atRrnloci in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) hybrids withH. bulbosum(L.)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kranthi Kumar ◽  
N C Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Differential Methylation ◽  
Rdna Repeat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Parental Combination

Southern blots of restriction fragments of genomic DNAs from Hordeum vulgare (L.), H. bulbosum (L.), and interspecific hybrids and their derivatives were hybridized with rDNA probe to identify locus-specific modifications at Rrn loci. H. bulbosum rDNA revealed a single EcoRV site per repeat compared with two sites in H. vulgare rDNA repeats. H. bulbosum accessions possessed at least two rDNA repeat lengths, indicating heterozygosity at the Rrn locus. Hybrids possessed both H. vulgare and H. bulbosum rDNA repeats. Two of the hybrid derivatives possessed bulbosum-specific Sau3AI and HaeIII rDNA fragments, while amphiploid and doubled haploid derivatives lacked H. bulbosum rDNA repeat units and (or) fragments. Two hybrid derivatives, one amphiploid and a doubled haploid derived from the same parental combination, lacked the vulgare Rrn2-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat. This is the first conclusive evidence for the elimination of vulgare genetic material in vulgare-bulbosum hybrids. The ratios of 9.0- to 9.9-kb vulgare repeats and H. vulgare to H. bulbosum rDNA repeats indicate partial loss of the vulgare-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat among the hybrids. Differences in MboI and Sau3AI fragments and the ratios of 9.0 to 9.9 kb vulgare rDNA repeats revealed differential methylation at Rrn1and Rrn2loci. Hybrids and derivatives showed differential distribution of methylation of EcoRI, BglII, and SacI sites at the Rrn1locus. Two of the hybrid derivatives exhibited extensive CpG-biased methylation. Data presented here are indicative of the differences in the onset of events triggered by the interaction of the component genomes and enabled detection of differential methylation among Rrn loci, loss of H. vulgare genetic material, and development of doubled haploids with the Rrn1locus.Key words: DNA methylation, elimination, Hordeum vulgare, H. bulbosum, Rrn loci.

Study of androgenesis and spontaneous chromosome doubling in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes using isolated microspore culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kahrizi ◽  
R. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome ◽  
Barley Genotypes

This research aimed to study the androgenesis and spontaneous chromosome doubling of five barley genotypes using an isolated in vitro microspore culture technique, involving a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Statistical analysis of embryogenesis and cytogenetic results showed that genotype had a significant effect on haploid embryogenesis (P<0.01) and on spontaneous chromosome doubling (P<0.05). The genotype Igri was found to have the highest potential to produce haploid embryos (1577 embryos from 100 anthers), followed by the genotypes Boyer/Rojo, Afzal/Turkman/Kavir, Ashar/Hebo and Agrigashar/Matico with 369, 304, 278 and 150 embryos from 100 anthers, respectively. The highest percentage of spontaneous chromosome doubling (76%) was observed for the genotype which had the lowest embryogenesis (Agrigashar/Matico) and the lowest (65%) for the genotype with the highest androgenic capacity (Igri). Microspore embryogenesis also showed comparatively higher genotypic (109.2) and phenotypic (109.5) coefficients of variation, heritability (99.62) and genetic advance (1206.77), indicating the pre-dominance of additive gene action in the control of this character in the material studied. Estimates of genetic parameters (PCV, GCV and heritability) for microspore embryogenesis were higher than for spontaneous doubled haploids. These results indicated that selection for androgenic capacity would be more effective than for spontaneous doubled haploids. The findings showed a negative relationship (r= −0.68) between embryogenesis and spontaneous chromosome doubling in the barley genotypes studied. All the large embryos used had high regenerability and good plantlet formation.

THE USE OF NITROUS OXIDE FOR PRODUCING EUPOLYPLOIDS AND ANEUPLOIDS IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvorak ◽  
B. L. Harvey ◽  
B. E. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Embryos ◽  
Homozygous Diploid ◽  
Potential Use

The use of N2O as a polyploidizing agent in barley and wheat proved to be effective in both species when applied in the interval from 4 to 24 hr after pollination in barley and 24 to 48 hr after pollination in wheat. When treated in these intervals with four atmospheres pressure, 75% of the barley and 54% of the wheat embryos were polyploid. There was a marked difference between the two species in the proportion of aneuploids produced. In barley 5% of the treated embryos were aneuploid whereas 42% of the wheat embryos were aneuploid in the critical treatments.Evidence is presented to show that most of the aneuploids originated from disturbances in the anaphase distribution of chromosomes or from a scattering of chromosomes before the formation of restitution nuclei rather than from multipolar divisions.A potential use of N2O for producing homozygous diploid plants of Hordeum vulgare L. emend Lam. from crosses between Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum L. is discussed.

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