ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENES IN DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

It was shown that the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative character in a single cross can be estimated by dividing the square of the deviation of the most extreme doubled haploid from the sample mean by the genotypic variance of doubled haploids. The number of segregating genes was estimated for three characters in four crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was found that the number of segregating genes for grain yield, heading date, and plant height ranged from 5 to 11, 6 to 9, and 4 to 13, respectively.

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COMPARAISON ENTRE DES LIGNEES PEDIGREES ET DES LIGNEES HAPLOIDES DOUBLEES CHEZ L’ORGE (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-011 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PIERRE TURCOTTE ◽

C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽

KEH MING HO

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Block Design ◽

Pure Line ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Line Production ◽

Doubled Haploid Lines ◽

Time Required

Pedigree and doubled haploid lines from seven crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were compared over 2 years. The lines were tested, in a randomized complete block design, in row plots at Ste-Foy in 1977 and in hill plots at Brawley, California in 1978. There are significant differences between the two methods of pure line production for grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, plant height, resistance to lodging and date of maturity. Furthermore, these significant differences between doubled haploid and pedigree lines seem to be tied to wide crosses. After showing that doubled haploids are superior for resistance to lodging, we conclude that the use of doubled haploid lines must be seriously considered in a barley breeding program on the basis of improved selection efficiency and the short time required to get homozygous lines.

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Molecular changes atRrnloci in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) hybrids withH. bulbosum(L.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g99-053 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1127-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P Kranthi Kumar ◽

N C Subrahmanyam

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Differential Methylation ◽

Rdna Repeat ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

Parental Combination

Southern blots of restriction fragments of genomic DNAs from Hordeum vulgare (L.), H. bulbosum (L.), and interspecific hybrids and their derivatives were hybridized with rDNA probe to identify locus-specific modifications at Rrn loci. H. bulbosum rDNA revealed a single EcoRV site per repeat compared with two sites in H. vulgare rDNA repeats. H. bulbosum accessions possessed at least two rDNA repeat lengths, indicating heterozygosity at the Rrn locus. Hybrids possessed both H. vulgare and H. bulbosum rDNA repeats. Two of the hybrid derivatives possessed bulbosum-specific Sau3AI and HaeIII rDNA fragments, while amphiploid and doubled haploid derivatives lacked H. bulbosum rDNA repeat units and (or) fragments. Two hybrid derivatives, one amphiploid and a doubled haploid derived from the same parental combination, lacked the vulgare Rrn2-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat. This is the first conclusive evidence for the elimination of vulgare genetic material in vulgare-bulbosum hybrids. The ratios of 9.0- to 9.9-kb vulgare repeats and H. vulgare to H. bulbosum rDNA repeats indicate partial loss of the vulgare-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat among the hybrids. Differences in MboI and Sau3AI fragments and the ratios of 9.0 to 9.9 kb vulgare rDNA repeats revealed differential methylation at Rrn1and Rrn2loci. Hybrids and derivatives showed differential distribution of methylation of EcoRI, BglII, and SacI sites at the Rrn1locus. Two of the hybrid derivatives exhibited extensive CpG-biased methylation. Data presented here are indicative of the differences in the onset of events triggered by the interaction of the component genomes and enabled detection of differential methylation among Rrn loci, loss of H. vulgare genetic material, and development of doubled haploids with the Rrn1locus.Key words: DNA methylation, elimination, Hordeum vulgare, H. bulbosum, Rrn loci.

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Linearity of offspring–parent regression in barley

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-502 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 719-723

Author(s):

T. M. Choo

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Heading Date ◽

Mean Square ◽

Quadratic Regression ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Hill Plots

A study was conducted to test the linearity of offspring–parent regression in barley. Forty-two F2 familes and 398 F∞ (i.e., doubled haploid) lines were derived from 7 × 7 diallel crosses. The F2 families, F∞ lines, and their parents were evaluated in hill plots with five replications. Three types of regression analysis (F2 family on midparent, F∞ family on midparent, and F∞ line on midparent) were carried out for grain yield, heading date, plant height, and number of spikes per hill. The linear regression mean square was significant in most cases, but the quadratic regression mean square was not significant in all cases. These results suggest that the true regression of offspring on midparent is linear, although dominance, additive × additive epistasis, and maternal effects were detected for the four traits of the same materials in previous studies.Key words: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., curvilinearity, regression, heritability.

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Transformation of isolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspores: II. Timing of pretreatment and temperatures relative to results of bombardment

Genome ◽

10.1139/g08-113 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 175-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Youn-Seb Shim ◽

K. Peter Pauls ◽

Ken J. Kasha

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Arabinogalactan Protein ◽

35S Promoter ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Actin Promoter ◽

Doubled Haploid Plants ◽

Haploid Plants

Based on paper I in this series, our goals in this paper were to determine the relationship between prebombardment pretreatments and temperatures, microspore cell cycle when bombarded, and the frequencies of homozygous and hemizygous transgenic progeny in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Of the 104 fluorescent plants selected when using the GFP fluorescence transgene, 28 were albino and 76 plants were green. Thirty-one green plants were confirmed to be transgenic; the others were either transient green fluorescent protein expression or selected due to autofluorescence. Of the 31 plants, 23 came from embryos expressing a high level of fluorescence during selection and eight from 51 plants exhibiting a low level of fluorescence. Of the two pretreatments used to induce embryogenesis, 24 of 31 plants were from the cold pretreatment for 21 days (C) versus seven from the 4 day cold plus mannitol pretreatment. Following pretreatment, the microspores were subjected to a high-osmotic period (0.5 mol/L mannitol plus sorbitol) of 4 h prebombardment and 18 h postbombardment at either 25 or 4 °C. Of the 31 transgenic plants, 19 were produced following the 25 °C 4 h prebombardment. Sixteen of the 19 were doubled haploid plants (seven being homozygous for the transgene) and the other three plants were haploid. Of the remaining 12 plants recovered following the 4 h 4 °C prebombardment treatment, nine were haploid and three were doubled haploid plants, two of the latter being homozygous for the transgene. All 12 haploid plants obtained were treated with colchicine and produced homozygous transgenic doubled haploids. Of the two promoters compared, 30 plants had the actin promoter and only one had the 35S promoter. The use of arabinogalactan protein in the culture medium was very beneficial, giving rise to 29 of the 31 plants. The best procedure for obtaining transgenic barley plants from this study was pretreatment C, leaving the cultures at either 4 or 25 °C during the 4 h prebombardment high-osmotic period, using the actin promoter and having arabinogalactan protein in the microspore culture medium. With this procedure, the transgenic frequency was improved 8- to10-fold over previous reports on bombardment of microspores. It yielded about one transgenic plant per Petri dish and is comparable with Agrobacterium frequencies on structures derived from microspores.

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Field evaluation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes derived from tissue culture

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-088 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 725-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. M. R. Baillie ◽

K. K. Kartha ◽

B. G. Rossnagel

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Heading Date ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Field Trials ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Small Scale ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L

Somaclonal variation has been observed in plants derived via tissue culture in a number of crops, but evaluation has been on a small scale. This study was conducted to evaluate 72 tissue culture-derived barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for somaclonal variation in replicated small-plot field trials. Twenty putative somaclones from the cultivar Abee, 20 from Deuce, 15 from Duke and 17 from Heartland were evaluated at three Saskatchewan locations during 1989. Little variation was observed between regenerants and their respective parent cultivars for days to head, height, yield and yield components. When variation did occur it was generally of negative value, i.e., later heading date; lower test weight, 1000-kernel weight, percent plumpness and yield. Of the four groups, those from Deuce and Duke exhibited the most variation. A 5-d difference in heading date was observed for one Duke derivative and 18 of the 20 Deuce derivatives were shorter than the Deuce control. From this study, it was concluded that somaclonal variation would be of no benefit in a plant-breeding program.Key words: Barley, field evaluation, tissue culture, Hordeum vulgare L.

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Application of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography for mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g01-053 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 523-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Raja Kota ◽

Markus Wolf ◽

Wolfgang Michalek ◽

Andreas Graner

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

High Throughput ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

High Performance ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Single Nucleotide

Recent advances in DNA sequence analysis and the establishment of high-throughput assays have provided the framework for large-scale discovery and analysis of DNA sequence variation. In this context, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are of particular interest. To initiate a systematic approach to develop an SNP map of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), we have employed denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to analyse segregating SNP patterns in a doubled-haploid (DH) mapping population. To this end, SNPs between the parental genotypes were identified using a direct sequencing approach. Once a SNP was established between the parents, the optimal melting temperature of the PCR fragment containing the SNP was predicted for its analysis by DHPLC. Following the detection of the optimal temperature, the DH lines were analysed for the presence of either of the alleles. To test the utility of the analysis, data from previously mapped RFLP markers from which these SNPs were derived were compared. Results from these experiments indicate that DHPLC can be efficiently employed in analysing SNPs on a high-throughput scale.Key words: denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, doubled-haploid lines, restriction fragment length polymorphism, genetic mapping, molecular markers.

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Comparison of F2 and F∞ diallel analyses in barley

Genome ◽

10.1139/g88-139 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 865-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. M. Choo ◽

E. Reinbergs ◽

P. Y. Jui

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Variance Components ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Additive Genetic Variance ◽

Heading Date ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Hill Plots

A study was conducted in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to compare the relative magnitudes of heterosis to additive × additive epistasis and to compare F2 and F∞, diallel analyses. Both F2 and F∞, progenies were derived from 7 × 7 diallel crosses. Progenies and their parents were evaluated for grain yield, heading date, plant height, and the number of spikes per hill in hill plots with five replications at Elora (Ontario) in 1978. Results suggested that additive × additive epistasis were present for these traits and its magnitude was similar to that of heterosis estimated in F2. Both F2 and F∞ analyses detected the presence of epistasis. Both analyses provided similar estimates of the additive genetic variance for heading date and the number of spikes per hill, but the F2 analysis provided higher estimates than the F∞ analysis for grain yield and plant height. The estimate for grain yield and plant height obtained from the F2 analysis could be biased upward because of the invalid assumption of no epistasis. Estimates of other genetic variance components from the F2 analysis could be biased also. The F∞ diallel analysis not only provided estimates of additive × additive genetic variance for the four traits, it also allowed detection of nonindependent gene distribution in the parents for three of the four traits. Therefore, the limitations of the F2 diallel analysis in the presence of epistasis were apparent in the study. The F2 diallel analysis, however, could be used to detect dominance and maternal effects and thus to complement the F∞ diallel analysisKey words: barley, Hordeum vulgare, diallels, haploids, epistasis, heterosis.

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Recurrent selection in doubled-haploid populations of barley (Hordeurn vulgare L.)

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g85-026 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. D. Patel ◽

E. Reinbergs ◽

S. O. Fejer

Keyword(s):

Doubled Haploid ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Additive Genetic Variance ◽

Response To Selection ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Doubled Haploid Lines ◽

Days To Heading ◽

High Selection ◽

Dh Lines

Cycle zero (C0) of recurrent selection in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was initiated by diallel mating of seven highly selected parents. A total of 398 doubled-haploid (C0DH) lines were derived from 21 crosses and were evaluated along with their parents in C0 experiment. Seven doubled-haploid lines (DH) were selected from the cycle zero (C0) experiment and intercrossed to form cycle 1 (C1). From the 21 crosses of the diallel, 260 doubled-haploid lines (C1DH) were derived and were evaluated along with the C0 and C1 parents. The frequency distribution of the standardized means of the DH lines from C0 and C1 indicated a slight response to selection for seed yield. Genetic analysis of the C1DH population showed high additive genetic variance for yield per hill, plant height, and yield per spike, and a high proportion of additive × additive epistasis for spikes per hill, days to heading, and 100-seed weight. Seven doubled-haploid lines were selected from different high-yielding crosses represented by C1DH lines. High selection pressure was applied for yield per hill, yield per spike, and spikes per hill. Further response to selection is expected in later cycles. The seven selected doubled-haploid lines will be used as the parents of the next recurrent selection cycle.Key words: recurrent selection, doubled haploids, additive, epistasis, heritability, Hordeum.

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Doubled haploid production by anther culture for Australian barley breeding

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9920067 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

DJ Luckett ◽

RA Smithard

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Double Haploid ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Minimum Level ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Time Of Year

Agarose-solidified media containing maltose and glutamine were used to produce double-haploid lines, by anther culture, from Australian spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. Three sets of F1 and two sets of F2 breeder's hybrids were used. Genotype differences were significant for the proportion of anthers responding, and the number of green and albino regenerants per 100 anthers plated. It was confirmed that the environmental conditions experienced by the donor plants (time of year, and field or glasshouse) had a large impact upon explant performance in culture. A minimum level of anther culture efficiency was achieved to allow a breeding program to produce all its inbred lines by this method. The procedure has the potential to save research costs, and deliver improved genotypes to the grower up to four years earlier than conventional methods.

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