Sex chromosome aneuploidy in a male-linked translocation in Ceratitis capitata

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zapater ◽  
A. S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy ◽  
Cytological Data

A translocation line in Ceratitis capitata (2n = 12) linking the male-determining Y chromosome with the autosome carrying the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus was examined to assign the locus to its chromosome. Adh was assigned to chromosome 2, the largest autosome, representing the first correlation between genetic and cytological data in this species. During the study, male adults with 11 and 12 chromosomes were identified in the population and a model was proposed to account for the appearance of these individuals. Predictions made from the model were in general verified by the subsequent experiments. It was shown that 11-chromosome males were more fertile and produced more males than 12-chromosome males. Eleven-chromosome males produced 11- and 12-chromosome progeny, whereas 12-chromosome males produced only 12-chromosome male progeny. The results are discussed with relation to sex determination in this species and to the use of male-linked translocations for the development of genetic sexing techniques.Key words: Ceratitis, male determination, translocation, aneuploidy.

Cytogenetic characterization of a genetic sexing strain in Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zacharopoulou ◽  
M. E. Riva ◽  
A. Malacrida ◽  
G. Gasperi
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Cytological Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

A genetic sexing strain of Ceratitis capitata, carrying a null mutation for ADH activity linked to the Y chromosome, was analysed cytogenetically. In addition to an insertion of a large part of the Y chromosome into chromosome 2, this strain carries two other chromosomal rearrangements, a deletion in the second chromosome and a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 2 and 4. The progeny of the T(2;4) translocation heterozygote with unbalanced chromosome constitution can survive up to the larval and (or) to the adult stage. These cytological characteristics are discussed in relation to the genetic sexing behaviour of this line.Key words: Ceratitis capitata, polytene chromosomes, genetic sexing.

scholarly journals A Bird's Eye View of Human Sex Determination

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Polani
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Chromosome Anomaly ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Male Frequency

In the beginning the dogma was that sex determination in man followed the Drosophila pattern in which XO is male, XXY female, and the Y chromosome has no direct influence on the determination of sex. On the grounds of specific anomalies with which they presented, females with Turner Syndrome were sex chromatin tested and found to be chromatin negative [1]. This result, confirmed in 1956 by the male frequency of red-green colour blindness in these subjects which indicated that they carried only one X chromosome in spite of their female phenotype, suggested that therefore they might be XO, and, so, hinted that sex determination in man might not follow the then accepted pattern [2]. In 1959 chromosome studies confirmed that XOs were female [3] and showed that subjects with the symmetrical XXY sex-chromosome anomaly were with Klinefelter syndrome [4]. In the same year, by showing that XOs were females also in mice [5] it became accepted that the Y chromosome was the determiner of the formation of the testis in the mammalian embryo, and so was the key element in primary sexual differentation. It would seem appropriate to call this formal model of chromosomal sex determination the Malandrium pattern [6].In 1966 Jacobs and Ross [7], from work on males with Y chromosome deletions narrowed down the testis determining function of the Y chromosome to its short arm. Then, in 1975, Wachtel and collaborators [8] were the first to formulate a hypothesis on the sex determining gene, or, more precisely on the nature of its product. They suggested that this developmental role might be played by the H-Y antigen, a weak histocompatibility antigen which had been known to be involved in the rejection of male skin grafted onto otherwise histocompatible female mice. The idea had run into technical difficulties and a major problem was related to the significance that should be attached to the results of two different ways for demonstrating the antigen, namely the cell-mediated cytotoxicity test or the serological test. Efforts were made to keep the H-Y hypothesis alive, largely because there was a certain elegance about it [9, 10]. However eventually XX male mice, lacking H-Y by either test, spelt the end of the candidature of H-Y as the testis determining mechanism [11, 12].

Deletions of the Y chromosome are associated with sex chromosome aneuploidy but not with Klinefelter syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Rajpert-De Meyts ◽  
AM Ottesen ◽  
ID Garn ◽  
L Aksglaede ◽  
A Juul
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy ◽  
Chromosome Aneuploidy

scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR A SET OF CLOSELY LINKED AUTOSOMAL GENES THAT INTERACT WITH SEX-CHROMOSOME HETEROCHROMATIN IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-582
Author(s):  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Salivary Gland Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Chromosome Map ◽  
Heterochromatic Segment ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT It is proposed that there exists a special region in the euchromatin of the left arm of chromosome 2 (contained within sections 31-32 of the standard salivary gland chromosome map) that is defined by a set of genes, each one of which interacts with a specific sex-chromosome heterochromatic segment. The evidence for the existence of this region is, first, the exhibition, mapping, and analysis of five different maternal-effect, embryonic semi-lethals located in region 31-32. Secondly, in each case the consequence of the maternal effect is markedly influenced by the amount of X- or Y-chromosome heterochromatin carried by the progeny of mutant mothers. The nature of this interaction and possible reasons for the existence of the cluster of autosomal genes are discussed

Genetic and cytological mapping of a "Y–2" translocation in the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Cladera ◽  
M. Alejandra Delprat
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Breakpoint Mapping ◽  
Determining Factor

In this paper we analyze genetically and cytologically a Y – chromosome 2 translocation with several markers, some of which are potentially useful for large scale sex separation. The breakpoint of this Y–2 translocation is located at region 6B on the trichogene polytene chromosome map. It was found that, in strains carrying this TY–2, only 40% of the fertilized eggs survived to the adult stage, 26% of them dying as embryos, 27% as larvae, and 7% as pupae. Early lethality is explained by the nonviability of adjacent-1 products of meiosis containing a deletion of section 1A–6B. The reciprocal segregation products, carrying this chromosome segment in triplicate, survive until late stages. By analyzing the phenotype of these individuals we conclude that all markers used in this study are located outside the triplicated region and that the male determining factor is not included in the piece of the Y chromosome translocated to chromosome 2. The male recombination frequencies of several genes located on chromosome 2 relative to the breakpoint of translocation T5038 have also been studied here.Key words: genetic sexing strain, Medfly polytene chromosome, adjacent-1 product, translocation breakpoint mapping.

scholarly journals Differences in Homomorphic Sex Chromosomes Are Associated with Population Divergence in Sex Determination in Carinascincus ocellatus (Scincidae: Lygosominae)

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Peta Hill ◽  
Foyez Shams ◽  
Christopher P. Burridge ◽  
Erik Wapstra ◽  
Tariq Ezaz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Probe Set

Sex determination directs development as male or female in sexually reproducing organisms. Evolutionary transitions in sex determination have occurred frequently, suggesting simple mechanisms behind the transitions, yet their detail remains elusive. Here we explore the links between mechanisms of transitions in sex determination and sex chromosome evolution at both recent and deeper temporal scales (<1 Myr; ~79 Myr). We studied a rare example of a species with intraspecific variation in sex determination, Carinascincus ocellatus, and a relative, Liopholis whitii, using c-banding and mapping of repeat motifs and a custom Y chromosome probe set to identify the sex chromosomes. We identified both unique and conserved regions of the Y chromosome among C. ocellatus populations differing in sex determination. There was no evidence for homology of sex chromosomes between C. ocellatus and L. whitii, suggesting independent evolutionary origins. We discuss sex chromosome homology between members of the subfamily Lygosominae and propose links between sex chromosome evolution, sex determination transitions, and karyotype evolution.

scholarly journals Unusual Mammalian Sex Determination Systems: A Cabinet of Curiosities

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Paul A. Saunders ◽  
Frédéric Veyrunes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Cabinet Of Curiosities ◽  
Review Current

Therian mammals have among the oldest and most conserved sex-determining systems known to date. Any deviation from the standard XX/XY mammalian sex chromosome constitution usually leads to sterility or poor fertility, due to the high differentiation and specialization of the X and Y chromosomes. Nevertheless, a handful of rodents harbor so-called unusual sex-determining systems. While in some species, fertile XY females are found, some others have completely lost their Y chromosome. These atypical species have fascinated researchers for over 60 years, and constitute unique natural models for the study of fundamental processes involved in sex determination in mammals and vertebrates. In this article, we review current knowledge of these species, discuss their similarities and differences, and attempt to expose how the study of their exceptional sex-determining systems can further our understanding of general processes involved in sex chromosome and sex determination evolution.

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