Assignment of the genomic affinities of chromosomes from polyploid Elymus species added to wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikram S. Gill ◽  
Kay L. D. Morris ◽  
Rudi Appels
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
5S Dna ◽  
Elymus Species

Genomic DNAs from 10 disomic addition, substitution, or translocation chromosomes from tetraploid Elymus trachycaulus (SSHH) and 13 tetraploid Elymus ciliaris (SSYY) in Chinese Spring wheat were assayed with 18S–28S rDNA (Nor), 5S DNA, Adh, α-amylase, β-glucanase gene clones, and S-genome and H-genome repetitive DNA sequences. The rDNA from the S genome and 5S DNA from the S and H genomes, under high stringency Southern blot analysis, distinguished S-genome and H-genome loci on individual Elymus chromosomes. The single gene, or low copy gene probes (Adh and others), allowed identification of different addition lines and provided information on the gene synteny relationships of Elymus chromosomes with wheat chromosomes. The S-genome specific and H-genome repetitive DNA probes were not useful in assigning genomic affinities, due to some cross-hybridization between these genomes using these probes and (or) the occurrence of large numbers of translocations in polyploid genomes of Elymus species. However, the repetitive DNA probes provided diagnostic phenotypic markers for identification of individual Elymus addition lines. Moreover, since S- and H-genome DNA sequences were virtually absent from wheat, they were excellent markers for the detection of Elymus chromatin in wheat. The array of DNA probes should prove useful in chromosome manipulation in resistance transfer from Elymus into wheat.Key words: Triticeae, Elymus, aneuploid, DNA probe.

Cloning and characterization of repetitive DNA sequences from genomes of Oryza minuta and Oryza australiensis

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 790-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aswidinnoor ◽  
R. J. Nelson ◽  
J. F. Dallas ◽  
C. L. McIntyre ◽  
H. Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Oryza Minuta ◽  
Wild Rice Species ◽  
Oryza Australiensis

The value of genome-specific repetitive DNA sequences for use as molecular markers in studying genome differentiation was investigated. Five repetitive DNA sequences from wild species of rice were cloned. Four of the clones, pOm1, pOm4, pOmA536, and pOmPB10, were isolated from Oryza minuta accession 101141 (BBCC genomes), and one clone, pOa237, was isolated from Oryza australiensis accession 100882 (EE genome). Southern blot hybridization to different rice genomes showed strong hybridization of all five clones to O. minuta genomic DNA and no cross hybridization to genomic DNA from Oryza sativa (AA genome). The pOm1 and pOmA536 sequences showed cross hybridization only to all of the wild rice species containing the C genome. However, the pOm4, pOmPB10, and pOa237 sequences showed cross hybridization to O. australiensis genomic DNA in addition to showing hybridization to the O. minuta genomic DNA.Key words: rice, genome-specific repetitive sequences, Oryza.

A study of 28 Elymus species using repetitive DNA sequences

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Svitashev ◽  
Björn Salomon ◽  
Tomas Bryngelsson ◽  
Roland von Bothmer
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
Specific Hybridization ◽  
Elymus Species ◽  
Hordeum Species

Four repetitive DNA sequences cloned from the barley (Hordeum vulgare) genome and common for different Triticeae species were used for a molecular study of phylogenetic relationships among 28 Elymus species. Two wild Hordeum species (H genome), two Pseudoroegneria species (S genome), Agropyron cristatum (P genome), and Australopyrum velutinum (W genome) were included as genomic representatives for the genomes that supposedly were involved in the evolution of the genus Elymus. Our results are essentially congruent with the genomic classification system. This study demonstrates that Elymus is not a monophyletic genus. Based on an analysis of Southern blot hybridization we could discriminate between SY and SH species owing to the strong specific hybridization pattern of the H genome. Hexaploid SYH species gave a hybridization pattern similar to SH species for the same reason. The results support the genomic composition of Elymus batalinii as SYP and also indicated the presence of at least one H genome in Elymus enysii with a hitherto unknown genomic constitution. Elymus erianthus had a hybridization pattern distinctly different from all other species in the investigation. Key words : Elymus, RFLP, phylogeny, repetitive DNA.

Repetitive DNA sequences from polyploid Elymus trachycaulus and the diploid progenitor species: detection and genomic affinity of Elymus chromatin added to wheat

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto ◽  
B. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus

A set of four repetitive DNA clones, pEt1, pEt2, pCb1, and pCb3, were isolated from SH-genome polyploid Elymus trachycaulus and H-genome diploid Critesion bogdanii. The clone Et1 represents a tandemly arranged telomeric sequence. Et2 represents tandem repeats interspersed along the entire length of individual chromosomes. The Cb1 sequence was more evenly dispersed. The Et1 clone shared homology with a 350 base pair family of rye sequences. The Cb3 sequence was evenly distributed in S- and H-genome species. All the repetitive DNA sequences were excellent markers for the specific detection and genomic affinity of Elymus chromatin added to wheat. All clones showed intragenomic variation in copy number and chromosomal location. Based on the analysis of this variation, we conclude that E. trachycaulus most probably originated from putative diploid H- and S-genome species resembling Critesion californicum and Pseudoroegneria spicata, respectively.Key words: wheatgrass, wheat–Elymus hybrid, addition lines, polyploidy, restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Phylogenetic relationships of Triticum tauschii, the D-genome donor to hexaploid wheat. 4. Variation and chromosomal location of 5S DNA

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Lagudah ◽  
B. C. Clarke ◽  
R. Appels
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Main Cluster ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
5S Dna

The 5S DNA sequences in Triticum tauschii are organised in large clusters containing units that are primarily either 420 ("short") or 490 base pairs (bp) in length ("long"). The main cluster of short units was shown to be located on chromosome 1D in hexaploid wheat and is designated 5SDna-Dl, while the cluster of long units was shown to be on chromosome 5D and is designated 5SDna-D2. The chromosomal locations in hexaploid wheat most likely correspond to those in T. tauschii and this could be shown directly for the 5SDna-D2 locus by using a T. tauschii 5D substitution in 'Chinese Spring' wheat. The sequence alignment of units derived from 5SDna-D1 and 5SDna-D2 revealed three apparent deletions in the noncoding spacer region, which were fixed in units from 5SDna-D1, and one deletion, which was fixed in units from 5SDna-D2. A minor size class, 400 bp long and closely related to the units from 5SDna-D1, was found in 2 of 415 accessions surveyed. A continuous range of quantitative changes in the number of 5S DNA units at the two loci was evident with up to a 10-fold relative abundance level of units being found in some accessions. Triticum tauschii var. typica was particularly noteworthy in that many accessions showed more units at 5SDna-D2 relative to 5SDna-D1. Partial thermal dissociation experiments with radioactive probes, synthesized from either the short or long 5S DNA units, hybridized to genomic DNA showed that the population of units at the respective loci were relatively homogeneous and clearly distinct from each other. In addition, these experiments further established the close phylogenetic relationship between T. tauschii and the D genome of wheat.Key words: Triticum tauschii, 5S DNA, sequence variation, chromosomal location.

Genome-specific repetitive DNA and RAPD markers for genome identification in Elymus and Hordelymus

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Svitashev ◽  
Tomas Bryngelsson ◽  
Xiaomei Li ◽  
Richard RC Wang
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Hordelymus Europaeus ◽  
Elymus Species ◽  
Specific Sequences

We have developed RFLP and RAPD markers specific for the genomes involved in the evolution of Elymus species, i.e., the St, Y, H, P, and W genomes. Two P genome specific repetitive DNA sequences, pAgc1 (350 bp) and pAgc30 (458 bp), and three W genome specific sequences, pAuv3 (221 bp), pAuv7 (200 bp), and pAuv13 (207 bp), were isolated from the genomes of Agropyron cristatum and Australopyrum velutinum, respectively. Attempts to find Y genome specific sequences were not successful. Primary-structure analysis demonstrated that pAgc1 (P genome) and pAgc30 (P genome) share 81% similarity over a 227-bp stretch. The three W genome specific sequences were also highly homologous. Sequence comparison analysis revealed no homology to sequences in the EMBL- GenBank databases. Three to four genome-specific RAPD markers were found for each of the five genomes. Genome-specific bands were cloned and demonstrated to be mainly low-copy sequences present in various Triticeae species. The RFLP and RAPD markers obtained, together with the previously described H and St genome specific clones pHch2 and pPlTaq2.5 and the Ns genome specific RAPD markers were used to investigate the genomic composition of a few Elymus species and Hordelymus europaeus, whose genome formulas were unknown. Our results demonstrate that only three of eight Elymus species examined (the tetraploid species Elymus grandis and the hexaploid speciesElymus caesifolius and Elymus borianus) really belong to Elymus.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

scholarly journals Repetitive DNA sequences near three humanβ-type globin genes

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 3319-3333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley W. Coggins ◽  
G.Joan Grindlay ◽  
J.Keith Vass ◽  
Alison A. Slater ◽  
Paul Montague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
Globin Genes

scholarly journals A Mutation of the Yeast Gene Encoding PCNA Destabilizes Both Microsatellite and Minisatellite DNA Sequences

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Kokoska ◽  
Lela Stefanovic ◽  
Andrew B Buermeyer ◽  
R Michael Liskay ◽  
Thomas D Petes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Dinucleotide Repeats ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Polymerase Δ ◽  
Repeat Units

AbstractThe POL30 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a protein required for processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase δ and ϵ. We examined the effects of the pol30-52 mutation on the stability of microsatellite (1- to 8-bp repeat units) and minisatellite (20-bp repeat units) DNA sequences. It had previously been shown that this mutation destabilizes dinucleotide repeats 150-fold and that this effect is primarily due to defects in DNA mismatch repair. From our analysis of the effects of pol30-52 on classes of repetitive DNA with longer repeat unit lengths, we conclude that this mutation may also elevate the rate of DNA polymerase slippage. The effect of pol30-52 on tracts of repetitive DNA with large repeat unit lengths was similar, but not identical, to that observed previously for pol3-t, a temperature-sensitive mutation affecting DNA polymerase δ. Strains with both pol30-52 and pol3-t mutations grew extremely slowly and had minisatellite mutation rates considerably greater than those observed in either single mutant strain.

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