Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, genome size, and genomic in situ hybridization of triploid viviparous onions

Triploid viviparous onions (Allium cepa L. var. viviparum Metzg. (ALEF.), auct.), (2n = 3x = 24), are known in some countries only as a rare relic crop, while in other parts of the world they are still traditionally or even commercially cultivated. Results indicating an identical random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding pattern and the same DNA content (2C = 43.4 pg) establish the high genetic similarity and the unique origin of the Croatian clone Ljutika and the Indian clone Pran. In order to determine the parental Allium species of these natural triploid hybrids, genomic fluorescent in situ hybridization (GISH) was applied. Biotinylated genomic DNAs from six diploid Allium species (A. cepa L., A. fistulosum L., A. roylei Stearn, A. vavilovii M. Pop. et Vved., A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) were used as probes in this study. While probes obtained from genomic DNA of A. cepa, A. vavilovii, and A. roylei hybridized to somatic chromosomes of Ljutika probes from A. fistulosum, A. galanthum, and A. oschaninii did not. The DNA probes of A. cepa and A. roylei each completely or predominantly labelled one genome (eight chromosomes). A few chromosomes, the markers of the triploid karyotype, were not completely labelled by any probe applied. Our GISH results indicate that triploid viviparous onions might possess a complex triparental genome organization.Key words: triploid viviparous onions, Allium cepa, Allium roylei, genomic in situ hybridization, genome size, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).

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The Power of Genomic in situ Hybridization (GISH) in Interspecific Breeding of Bulb Onion (Allium cepa L.) Resistant to Downy Mildew (Peronospora destructor [Berk.] Casp.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8020036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ludmila Khrustaleva ◽

Majd Mardini ◽

Natalia Kudryavtseva ◽

Rada Alizhanova ◽

Dmitry Romanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Lethal Gene ◽

Peronospora Destructor ◽

Bulb Onion ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Interspecific Breeding

We exploited the advantages of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) to monitor the introgression process at the chromosome level using a simple and robust molecular marker in the interspecific breeding of bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) that is resistant to downy mildew. Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor [Berk.] Casp.) is the most destructive fungal disease for bulb onions. With the application of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and previously developed DMR1 marker, homozygous introgression lines that are resistant to downy mildew were successfully produced in a rather short breeding time. Considering that the bulb onion is a biennial plant, it took seven years from the F1 hybrid production to the creation of S2BC2 homozygous lines that are resistant to downy mildew. Using GISH, it was shown that three progeny plants of S2BC2 possessed an A. roylei homozygous fragment in the distal region of the long arm of chromosomes 3 in an A. cepa genetic background. Previously, it was hypothesized that a lethal gene(s) was linked to the downy mildew resistance gene. With the molecular cytogenetic approach, we physically mapped more precisely the lethal gene(s) using the homozygous introgression lines that differed in the size of the A. roylei fragments on chromosome 3.

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Recombinant chromosomes of advanced backcross plants between Allium cepa L. and A. fistulosum L. revealed by in situ hybridization

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s001220051423 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 1190-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Hou ◽

E. B. Peffley

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Advanced Backcross ◽

Allium Cepa L

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Interspecific crosses of onion with distant Allium species and characterization of the presumed hybrids by means of flow cytometry, karyotype analysis and genomic in situ hybridization

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s001220050144 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 92 (3-4) ◽

pp. 417-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. R. J. Keller ◽

I. Schubert ◽

J. Fuchs ◽

A. Meister

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Allium Species

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Identifying parental chromosomes and genomic rearrangements in animal hybrid complexes of species with small genome size using Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH)

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3543 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 287-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Massimiliano Rampin ◽

Ke Bi ◽

James Bogart ◽

Maria Joao Collares Pereira

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Genome Size ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Genomic Rearrangements ◽

Small Genome ◽

Hybrid Complexes

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Interspecific crosses of onion with distant Allium species and characterization of the presumed hybrids by means of flow cytometry, karyotype analysis and genomic in situ hybridization

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00223688 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 92-92 (3-4) ◽

pp. 417-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

E. R. J. Keller ◽

I. Schubert ◽

J. Fuchs ◽

A. Meister

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Allium Species

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Evolutionary dynamics and chromosomal distribution of repetitive sequences on chromosomes of Aegilops speltoides revealed by genomic in situ hybridization

Heredity ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00891.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 738-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alexander Belyayev ◽

Olga Raskina ◽

Eviatar Nevo

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Aegilops Speltoides ◽

Chromosomal Distribution

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Synthesis and cytological characterization of trigeneric hybrids of durum wheat with and without Ph1

Genome ◽

10.1139/g04-082 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 1173-1181 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Prem P Jauhar ◽

M Doğramaci ◽

T S Peterson

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Chromosome Pairing ◽

Genetic Recombination ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Homoeologous Pairing ◽

Alien Gene Transfer ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

Alien Gene ◽

Trigeneric Hybrids

Wild grasses in the tribe Triticeae, some in the primary or secondary gene pool of wheat, are excellent reservoirs of genes for superior agronomic traits, including resistance to various diseases. Thus, the diploid wheatgrasses Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14; JJ genome) and Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) are important sources of genes for disease resistance, e.g., Fusarium head blight resistance that may be transferred to wheat. By crossing fertile amphidiploids (2n = 4x = 28; JJEE) developed from F1 hybrids of the 2 diploid species with appropriate genetic stocks of durum wheat, we synthesized trigeneric hybrids (2n = 4x = 28; ABJE) incorporating both the J and E genomes of the grass species with the durum genomes A and B. Trigeneric hybrids with and without the homoeologous-pairing suppressor gene, Ph1, were produced. In the absence of Ph1, the chances of genetic recombination between chromosomes of the 2 useful grass genomes (JE) and those of the durum genomes (AB) would be enhanced. Meiotic chromosome pairing was studied using both conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH). As expected, the Ph1-intergeneric hybrids showed low chromosome pairing (23.86% of the complement), whereas the trigenerics with ph1b (49.49%) and those with their chromosome 5B replaced by 5D (49.09%) showed much higher pairing. The absence of Ph1 allowed pairing and, hence, genetic recombination between homoeologous chromosomes. Fl-GISH analysis afforded an excellent tool for studying the specificity of chromosome pairing: wheat with grass, wheat with wheat, or grass with grass. In the trigeneric hybrids that lacked chromosome 5B, and hence lacked the Ph1 gene, the wheat–grass pairing was elevated, i.e., 2.6 chiasmata per cell, a welcome feature from the breeding standpoint. Using Langdon 5D(5B) disomic substitution for making trigeneric hybrids should promote homoeologous pairing between durum and grass chromosomes and hence accelerate alien gene transfer into the durum genomes.Key words: alien gene transfer, chiasma (xma) frequency, chromosome pairing, fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH), homoeologous-pairing regulator, specificity of chromosome pairing, wheatgrass.

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