Effects of Heat Removal Through the Hand on Metabolism and Performance During Cycling Exercise in the Heat

Objective: This two-part study tested the hypotheses that the use of a new cooling device, purported to extract heat from the body core through the palm of the hand, would (a) attenuate core temperature rise during submaximal exercise in the heat, thereby suppressing exercise-associated metabolic changes, and (b) facilitate a higher sustained workload, thus shortening the completion time of a time-trial performance test. Methods: In Study 1, 8 male triathletes (age 27.9 ± 2.0 yrs, mass 77.2 ± 3.1 kg, [Formula: see text]Peak 59.0 ± 4.1 ml•min−1•kg−1) cycled for 1 hr at the same absolute workload (∼60% [Formula: see text]peak) in a heated room (31.9 ± 0.1 °C, 24 ±1% humidity) on two occasions counterbalanced for cooling (C) or noncooling (NC). In Study 2, 8 similar subjects (age 26.9 ± 2.0 yrs, mass 75.2 ± 3.7 kg, [Formula: see text]peak 54.1 ± 3.1 ml•min−1•kg−1) performed two 30-km cycling time-trial performance tests under the same conditions (CT NCT). Results: In Study 1, cooling attenuated the rise in tympanic temperature (TTY) (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.2 °C; p < 0.01) and lowered mean oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text] 2.4 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 L•min−1; p < 0.05) and blood lactate (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.2 mmol. L−1; p < 0.01) during exercise. There were no significant differences in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood glucose, heart rate (HR), face temperature (TF), or back temperature (TB) between NC and C. In Study 2, time to complete 30 km was 6 ± 1% less with cooling than without cooling (60.9 ± 2.0 vs. 64.9 ± 2.6 min; p < 0.01). During the last 20% of CT, subjects sustained a workload that was 14 ± 5% (p = 0.06) higher than NCT at the same TTY and HR. Conclusions: Heat extraction through the hand during cycle ergometer exercise in the heat can (a) lower TTY, lactate concentration, and [Formula: see text] during a submaximal set-workload test and (b) reduce the time it takes to complete a 30-km time-trial test. Key words: core temperature, hyperthermia, thermoregulation, hand-cooling

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Influence of Environmental Temperature on 40 km Cycling Time-Trial Performance

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.6.2.208 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 208-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Jeremiah J. Peiffer ◽

Chris R. Abbiss

Keyword(s):

Core Temperature ◽

Power Output ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Time Trial ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Cycling Time Trial ◽

Pacing Strategies ◽

Cycling Time ◽

Trial Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of environmental temperature on variability in power output, self-selected pacing strategies, and performance during a prolonged cycling time trial. Nine trained male cyclists randomly completed four 40 km cycling time trials in an environmental chamber at 17°C, 22°C, 27°C, and 32°C (40% RH). During the time trials, heart rate, core body temperature, and power output were recorded. The variability in power output was assessed with the use of exposure variation analysis. Mean 40 km power output was significantly lower during 32°C (309 ± 35 W) compared with 17°C (329 ± 31 W), 22°C (324 ± 34 W), and 27°C (322 ± 32 W). In addition, greater variability in power production was observed at 32°C compared with 17°C, as evidenced by a lower (P = .03) standard deviation of the exposure variation matrix (2.9 ± 0.5 vs 3.5 ± 0.4 units, respectively). Core temperature was greater (P < .05) at 32°C compared with 17°C and 22°C from 30 to 40 km, and the rate of rise in core temperature throughout the 40 km time trial was greater (P < .05) at 32°C (0.06 ± 0.04°C·km–1) compared with 17°C (0.05 ± 0.05°C·km–1). This study showed that time-trial performance is reduced under hot environmental conditions, and is associated with a shift in the composition of power output. These finding provide insight into the control of pacing strategies during exercise in the heat.

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The Effect of Lower Body Anaerobic Pre-Loading on Upper Body Ergometer Time Trial Performance

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports9060079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Priit Purge ◽

Dmitri Valiulin ◽

Allar Kivil ◽

Alexander Müller ◽

Gerhard Tschakert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Time Trial ◽

The Other ◽

Upper Body ◽

College Level ◽

Lower Body ◽

Warm Up ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Double Poling ◽

Trial Performance

Pre-competitive conditioning has become a substantial part of successful performance. In addition to temperature changes, a metabolic conditioning can have a significant effect on the outcome, although the right dosage of such a method remains unclear. The main goal of the investigation was to measure how a lower body high-intensity anaerobic cycling pre-load exercise (HIE) of 25 s affects cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in subsequent upper body performance. Thirteen well-trained college-level male cross-country skiers (18.1 ± 2.9 years; 70.8 ± 7.6 kg; 180.6 ± 4.7 cm; 15.5 ± 3.5% body fat) participated in the study. The athletes performed a 1000-m maximal double-poling upper body ergometer time trial performance test (TT) twice. One TT was preceded by a conventional low intensity warm-up (TTlow) while additional HIE cycling was performed 9 min before the other TT (TThigh). Maximal double-poling performance after the TTlow (225.1 ± 17.6 s) was similar (p > 0.05) to the TThigh (226.1 ± 15.7 s). Net blood lactate (La) increase (delta from end of TT minus start) from the start to the end of the TTlow was 10.5 ± 2.2 mmol L−1 and 6.5 ± 3.4 mmol L−1 in TThigh (p < 0.05). La net changes during recovery were similar for both protocols, remaining 13.5% higher in TThigh group even 6 min after the maximal test. VCO2 was lower (p < 0.05) during the last 400-m split in TThigh, however during the other splits no differences were found (p < 0.05). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was significantly lower in TThigh in the third, fourth and the fifth 200 m split. Participants individual pacing strategies showed high relation (p < 0.05) between slower start and faster performance. In conclusion, anaerobic metabolic pre-conditioning leg exercise significantly reduced net-La increase, but all-out upper body performance was similar in both conditions. The pre-conditioning method may have some potential but needs to be combined with a pacing strategy different from the usual warm-up procedure.

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Capsaicin Analog Supplementation is not Effective to Improve 10-km Running Time-Trial Performance in Amateur Athletes: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-45649/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Elisa von Ah Morano ◽

Camila S. Padilha ◽

Vinicius Aparecido Matos Soares ◽

Fabiana Andrade Machado ◽

Peter Hofmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physiological Responses ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Time Trial ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Amateur Athletes ◽

Running Time ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Trial Performance

Abstract Background: To investigate the acute effect of capsaicin analog supplementation on 10-km time-trial running performance and physiological responses in amateur athletes. Methods: Twenty-one participants (age = 29.3 ± 5.5 years), completed two randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin analog condition [Capsiate (CAP) = 24 mg] or a placebo condition. The participants consumed two doses of 12 mg of capsaicin or placebo capsule 45 minutes before and immediately at the start of each trial. The time required to complete 10-km in minutes, lactate concentration, maximum heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Results: 10-km time-trial performance (CAP= 44.4 ± 6.3 min vs placebo= 45.3 ± 6.8 min, P = 0.823) was not statistically significant different between conditions. No statistically significant differences between conditions were detected for lactate concentration (P = 0.507), HR (P = 0.897) and RPE (P = 0.517). Conclusion: Capsaicin analog supplementation did not improve performance and physiological responses in a 10-km running time-trial in amateur athletes.

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Capsaicin analog supplementation is not effective to improve 10-km running time-trial performance in amateur athletes: a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-45649/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Elisa von Ah Morano ◽

Camila S. Padilha ◽

Vinicius Aparecido Matos Soares ◽

Fabiana Andrade Machado ◽

Peter Hofmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physiological Responses ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Time Trial ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Amateur Athletes ◽

Running Time ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Trial Performance

Abstract Background: To investigate the acute effects of a capsaicin analogue supplement on 10-km time trial performance and physiological responses in amateur athletes. Methods: Twenty-one participants (age = 29.3 ± 5.5 years), completed two randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin analogue condition [Capsiate (CAP) = 24 mg] or a placebo condition. The participants consumed two doses of 12 mg of capsaicin or placebo capsule 45 minutes before and immediately at the start of each trial. The time required to complete 10-km, lactate concentration, maximum heart rate (HRpeak), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Results: 10-km time-trial performance (CAP = 45.07 ± 6.41 min vs. placebo = 45.13 ± 6.73, P = 0.828) was not statistically significant different between conditions. No statistically significant differences between conditions were detected for lactate concentration (P = 0.507), HRpeak (P = 0.897) and RPE (P = 0.517). Conclusion: Two doses of 12 mg Capsaicin analogue supplementation did not improve performance and physiological responses in a 10-km running time-trial in amateur athletes.

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Capsaicin Analogue Supplementation Does Not Improve 10 km Running Time-Trial Performance in Male Amateur Athletes: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Ana Elisa von Ah Morano ◽

Camila S. Padilha ◽

Vinicius Aparecido Matos Soares ◽

Fabiana Andrade Machado ◽

Peter Hofmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physiological Responses ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Time Trial ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Amateur Athletes ◽

Running Time ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Trial Performance

Background: To investigate the acute effects of a capsaicin analogue supplement on 10 km time-trial performance and physiological responses in amateur athletes. Methods: Twenty-one participants (age = 29.3 ± 5.5 years, weight 74.2 ± 11.3 kg, height 176.0 ± 0.0 cm, fat mass 12.7 ± 3.8%, V˙O2max 62.7 ± 8.4 mL·k−1·min−1), completed two randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin analogue condition (Capsiate (CAP) = 24 mg) or a placebo (PLA) condition. The participants consumed two doses of 12 mg of CAP or PLA capsule 45 min before and immediately at the start of each trial. The time required to complete 10 km, lactate concentration, maximum heart rate (HRpeak), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Results: The 10 km time-trial performance (CAP = 45.07 ± 6.41 min vs. PLA = 45.13 ± 6.73, p = 0.828) was not statistically significantly different between conditions. No statistically significant differences between conditions were detected for lactate concentration (p = 0.507), HRpeak (p = 0.897) and RPE (p = 0.517). Conclusion: Two doses of a 12 mg Capsaicin analogue supplement did not improve performance and physiological responses in a 10 km running time-trial in amateur athletes.

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