(n,n′γ) studies of 114,116Cd

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Newton ◽  
J. M. Davidson ◽  
W. K. Dawson ◽  
P. W. Green ◽  
H. R. Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Energy levels below 2.2 MeV excitation in 114,116Cd have been investigated using the (n, n′γ) reaction. Gamma-ray angular distributions were measured, and energy levels, spins, and gamma-ray multipole mixing ratios were deduced. Levels and their spins have been confirmed at 1134 (0), 1210 (2), 1283 (4), 1365 (2), 1733 (4), and 1843 (2) keV for 14Cd and at 1213 (2), 1220 (4), and 1381 (0) keV for 116Cd. New spin assignments have been made for the levels at 1861 (3) and 2049 (3) keV for 114Cd and at 1644 (2,3) and 1917 (3) keV for 116Cd. The states at 1959 keV in 114Cd and 1923 keV in 116Cd are shown to be consistent with assignments of 3.

Coulomb excitation of low-energy levels in 45Sc

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. U. Patil ◽  
R. G. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Negative Parity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Reduced Transition Probabilities ◽  
Excitation Model ◽  
First Time

Low-lying negative parity levels in 45Sc were Coulomb excited with 2.5 to 3.5 MeV protons and 4 to 5 MeV 4He ions to test the weak coupling core-excitation model. A Ge(Li) detector was used to measure the gamma-ray yields. The 543, 976, 1408, and 1662 keV levels in 45Sc were Coulomb excited for the first time. Gamma-ray angular distributions were measured at 3.0 MeV proton energy in deducing multipole mixing ratios and spin values. Energy level measurements (in units of kiloelectronvolts) and spin values obtained are as follows: 976, 5/2, 7/2 and 1408, 7/2. The E2 and M1 reduced transition probabilities were determined for the six states. The 376, 720, 1237, 1408, and 1662 keV levels have properties consistent with the interpretation of coupling a 1f7/2 proton to the first 2+ core state.

Coulomb excitation of 133Cs with protons

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Singh ◽  
D. C. Tayal ◽  
B. K. Arora ◽  
T. S. Cheema ◽  
H. S. Hans
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
Spin Assignment ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Reduced Transition Probabilities

Protons of energy 3.2–4.2 MeV have been used to Coulomb excite the states in 133Cs. The thick-target gamma-ray yields and the angular distributions were measured using a 50 cm3 Ge(Li) detector. The measurements were used to extract the reduced transition probabilities, B (E2) and B(M1), and multipole mixing ratios (δ) for the various transitions. A spin assignment has been made to the 871.8 keV level on the basis of angular distribution data. The results obtained have been compared with those of other authors.

Study of negative parity levels in 63Cu

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Kulkarni ◽  
D. P. Navalkele
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Negative Parity ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Reduced Transition Probabilities ◽  
Excitation Model ◽  
First Time

Low-lying negative parity levels in 63Cu were Coulomb excited with 3.25 to 4.25 MeV protons to test the weak coupling core-excitation model. A Ge(Li) detector was used to measure the gamma-ray yields. The 1412, 1547, and 1861 keV levels in 63Cu were Coulomb excited for the first time. Gamma-ray angular distributions were measured at 4.25 MeV proton energy in deducing multipole mixing ratios and spin values. The E2 and M1 reduced transition probabilities were determined for the six states. The 669.6, 962, 1327, and 1547 keV levels have properties consistent with the interpretation of coupling a 2p3/2 proton to the first 2+core state. The present results were compared with the available particle–core and particle–phonon model calculations.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE MIXING RATIOS OF GAMMA RAY TRANSITIONS FROM (_60^(142- 150))Nd (n,n^ˊ γ) (_60^(142- 150))Nd REACTION USING a_2- RATIO METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Taghreed Abdull Jabbar Younis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Multiple Mixing ◽  
Statistical Tensor ◽  
Gamma Transitions ◽  
Good Agreement

In the current work, the mixing ratios (  ) of gamma transitions were calculated from energy levels in the isotopes neodymium  populated in the using the  ratio method. We used the experimental coefficient ( ) for two γ-transitions from the initial state itself, the statistical tensor , associated with factor , would be the same for the two transitions. The results obtained are in good agreement or within the experimental error with -those previously published. And existing contradictions resulting from inaccuracies in the empirical results of previous work.  The current results confirm that the  method is used to calculate the values of mixing ratios and the feasibility of this method in predicting errors in experimental results.

Excited States in 53Mn by the 53Cr(p,nγ)53Mn Reaction

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 1840-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon-Hyuk Chung ◽  
D. M. Sheppard ◽  
W. C. Olsen ◽  
B. C. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Reaction Energy ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Doppler Shift Attenuation ◽  
Γ Ray

The properties of the low-lying excited states in 53Mn were studied by measuring γ-ray angular distributions and lifetimes using the 53Cr(p,nγ)53Mn reaction. Energy levels of 53Mn have been found at 0.378, 1.288, 1.440, 1.619, 2.272, 2.405, 2.572, 2.670, 2.687, 2.705, 2.872, 2.876, 2.914, 2.947, 3.005, 3.095, 3.125, 3.183, 3.193, and 3.250 MeV. The measurement of γ-ray angular distributions and yield curves together with predictions based on the compound nuclear statistical model have enabled spin assignments to be made to the following excited states in 53Mn: 1.440 MeV (11/2), 1.619 MeV (9/2), 2.572 MeV (7/2), 2.687 MeV (7/2), 2.947 MeV (9/2), 3.005 MeV (5/2). Multipole mixing ratios and branching ratios were determined for some of the observed transitions. Lifetimes of nine excited states in 53Mn have been measured using the Doppler-shift attenuation method.

96Tc levels populated in the (α,n) reaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Mach ◽  
M. W. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Microscopic Models ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Vibrational Features

The levels of odd–odd 96Tc have been investigated using the 93Nb(α,nγ)96Tc reaction at an alpha-beam energy of 14 MeV. The experiments involved singles, gamma–gamma coincidences, detailed excitation functions, gamma-ray angular distributions, measurements of the gamma-ray linear polarization coefficients, and electron internal-conversion coefficients. Spin and parity assignments are given with a high degree of confidence to most of the 105 energy levels, which are interconnected by 251 gamma-ray transitions. In particular, a new energy level at 36.24 keV completes a sextet of lowest lying levels ranging in spin from 2+ to 7+ formed by a coupling of an odd g9/2 proton to an odd d5/2 neutron. The structure of 96Tc shows some vibrational features coexisting with a significant configuration mixing. Thus, a quartet of nuclei at the onset of a deformation region at A ~ 100, 94,95Mo and 95,96Tc, provides a challenging ground for testing of the microscopic models and may give further insight into the nature of the neutron–proton interaction in complex nuclei.

scholarly journals Precision measurements on oxygen formation in stellar helium burning with gamma-ray beams and a Time Projection Chamber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Smith ◽  
Moshe Gai ◽  
Sarah Stern ◽  
Deran Schweitzer ◽  
Mohammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Time Projection Chamber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Helium Burning ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
First Time

Abstract Stellar Evolution theory relies on our knowledge of nuclear reactions, with the carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratio, at the end of helium burning, being the single most important input. However, the C/O ratio is still not known with sufficient accuracy, due to large uncertainties in the cross section for the fusion of helium with 12C to form 16O, denoted as the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction. We present initial results at moderately low energies using a novel method, which is significantly different from the experimental efforts of the past four decades. Precise angular distributions of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction were obtained by measuring the inverse 16O(γ,α)12C reaction with gamma-beams and a Time Projection Chamber detector. These allowed us to measure, for the first time, the interference angle of the l = 1 and 2 partial waves contributing to this reaction (φ12), which agrees with predictions based on the unitarity of the scattering matrix.

Using a clinical linac to determine the energies of gamma-ray transitions and half-lives of barium nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Abdullah Engin Çalık ◽  
Kaan Manisa ◽  
Ahmet Biçer ◽  
Mehmet Erdoğan ◽  
Mürsel Şen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Photonuclear Reactions ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Physics Experiment ◽  
First Time

Photonuclear reactions have great importance in understanding the structure of the nuclei. These reactions, performed using the gamma rays obtained by way of bremsstrahlung, are a standard nuclear physics experiment. In this study, a non-enriched barium sample was activated for the first time by using a clinical linear accelerator (cLINACs). The spectrum of barium radioisotopes was obtained by using a gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The obtained spectroscopic data were analyzed and energy levels and half-life values together with their uncertainties were obtained. Some energy levels and half-lives of [Formula: see text]Ba were determined with more precision than those of literature values.

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