The acid-catalyzed oxido-reduction of spiroketals. Evidence for stereoelectronic control in hydride transfer to cyclic oxenium ions

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (18) ◽  
pp. 2787-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Deslongchamps ◽  
Daryl D. Rowan ◽  
Normand Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Hydride Transfer ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Sodium Cyanoborohydride ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Reaction ◽  
Stereoelectronic Control ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Tricyclic spiroketal 1 undergoes an acid-catalyzed oxidation–reduction reaction which yields equatorial bicyclic ether aldehyde 5 specifically. Similarly, spiroketals 2, 3, and 4 give equatorial bicyclic ether ketone 12. These results are interpreted by invoking an internal hydride transfer from an alcohol function to a cyclic oxenium ion which takes place with stereoelectronic control. The reduction of tricyclic ketals 1 and 22 with sodium cyanoborohydride under acidic conditions is also reported.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa transition from environmental generalist to human pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vasco ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Reaction ◽  
Source Sink

Opportunistic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major concerns as an etiological agent of nosocomial infections in humans. Many virulence factors used to colonize the human body are the same as those used by P. aeruginosa to thrive in the environment such as membrane transport, biofilm formation, oxidation/reduction reaction, among others. P. aeruginosa origin is mainly from the environment, the adaptation to mammalian tissues may follow a source-sink evolution model; the environment is the source of many lineages, some of them capable of adaptation to the human body. Some lineages may adapt to humans and go through reductive evolution in which some genes are lost.  The understanding of this process may be critical to implement better methods to control outbreaks in hospitals.

The Oxidation-reduction Reaction of Quinoxaline-2- and 1,5-Naphthyridine-2-aldehyde N-Oxides and Their Hydrates

Heterocycles ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
A. S. Elina ◽  
I. S. Musatova ◽  
R. M. Titkova ◽  
E. A. Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Reaction
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