Transference numbers and solvation studies in n-butanol

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Banait ◽  
K. S. Sidhu ◽  
J. S. Walia
Keyword(s):  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Equivalent Conductance ◽  
Solvation Numbers ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Ion ◽  
Ionic Conductances ◽  
Bromide Ions

Transference numbers of tetrabutylammonium bromide have been measured in n-butanol at 25 °C in the concentration range 5.79 − 12.86 × 10−2 mol dm−3. The variation of transference number with concentration is negligible. The limiting transference number of tetrabutylammonium ion has been determined by the Longsworth method. Combining the limiting transference number and limiting equivalent conductance of this salt, limiting ionic conductances of tetrabutylammonium and bromide ions have been found to be 8.05 and 8.02 ohm−1 cm2 mol−1, respectively. From these values limiting ionic conductances of other univalent ions, effective ionic radii and solvation numbers have been computed. The solvation numbers of anions have been found to be more than those of cations which shows the protic nature of this solvent.

Physico-chemical studies in non-aqueous solvents. X. Conductance and solvation studies of 1 : 1 electrolytes in N,N-dimethylacetamide

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Paul ◽  
JS Banait ◽  
SP Narula
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Size Parameter ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Solvation Numbers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
Ion Size

Conductances of some 1 : 1 electrolytes have been measured in the concentration range 1-120 x 10-4 mol l-1 in N,N-dimethylacetamide at 25�. The conductance data have been analysed by Fuoss-Onsager-Skinner equations for dissociated and associated electrolytes, and limiting equivalent conductances, ion-size parameter and association constants (where appropriate) for various electrolytes have been obtained. The ion-size parameter (3.7 � 0.3Ǻ) has been found to be about the same for all the electrolytes. Alkali metal salts are fully dissociated while the substituted ammonium salts are slightly associated in this solvent. The ionic association increases with increase in the size of cations. Transference numbers of lithium chloride, potassium thiocyanate and silver perchlorate have also been measured in the concentration range 1.1-18.4 x 10-2mol l-1 in this solvent. Limiting cation transference numbers are determined from the linear plots of cation transference numbers against square root of concentration. Ionic mobilities, effective ionic radii and solvation numbers of various ions in solution have been calculated. Higher solvation numbers of cations than those of anions of comparable sizes are consistent with the aprotic nature of the solvent.

TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS AND CONDUCTANCES IN CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS: SILVER NITRATE AND SILVER PERCHLORATE AT 25.00 °C

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1959-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
K. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Equivalent Conductance ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Silver Perchlorate ◽  
Complex Ion

The transference numbers, equivalent conductances, densities, and viscosities of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and of silver perchlorate have been determined from a concentration of 0.1 M up to 7.6 M, for silver nitrate, and up to 5.6 M for silver perchlorate. In both cases the cation transference number increases considerably with increasing concentration. Certain anomalies in the results for silver perchlorate raise the possibility of complex ion formation here. Similar anomalies appear in the behavior of equivalent conductance with respect to concentration.The results of the conductance measurements have been compared with the values calculated from the equations of Wishaw and Stokes and of Falkenhagen and Leist.

Formic acid solvent system. II. Conductance and solvation studies of 1 : 1 electrolytes in formic acid

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Paul ◽  
R Sharma ◽  
T Puri ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Solvation Numbers ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Anhydrous Formic Acid

Conductances of some 1 : 1 electrolytes have been measured in the concentration range (5-100) x 10-3 mol l-1 in anhydrous formic acid at 25�. The conductance data have been analysed by Fuoss-Shedlovsky equations. Transference numbers of sodium and potassium formates have been measured in this solvent at 25� by a modified Hittorf's method in the concentration range (3-80) x mol l-1. Ionic mobilities, effective ionic radii and solvation numbers of various ions in solution have been calculated. Solvation of cations decreases with the increase in the crystal radii of the ions.

Electronic/Ionic Conductivity and Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient af the Sr-Fe-Co-O System

1995 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ma ◽  
J.-H. Park ◽  
C. U. Segre ◽  
U. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Ionic Transference Number ◽  
Local Fitting ◽  
Oxide Ion

ABSTRACTOxides in the Sr-Fe-Co-O system exhibit both electronic and ionic conductivities. Recently, the Sr-Fe-Co-O system attracted great attention because of its potential to be used for oxygen-permeable membranes that can operate without electrodes or external electrical circuitry. Electronic and ionic conductivities of two compositions of the Sr-Fe-Co-O system, named SFC-1 and SFC-2, have been measured at various temperatures. The electronic transference number is much greater than the ionic transference number in SFC-1, whereas the electronic and ionic transference numbers are very similar in SFC-2. At 800°C, the electronic and ionic conductivities are ≈76 and ≈4 S•cm−1, respectively, for SFC-1; whereas, for SFC-2, the electronic and ionic conductivities are ≈10 and ∼1 S•cm−1, respectively. By performing a local fitting to the equation σ • T = Aexp(-Ea / kT), we found that the oxide ion activation energies are 0.92 and 0.37 eV, respectively, for SFC-1 and SFC-2. The oxygen diffusion coefficient of SFC-2 is ≈ 9 x 10−7cm2/sec at 900°C.

Transference numbers and ionic conductances in 100% sulfuric acid at 25.deg.

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Sidebottom ◽  
Michael Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Ionic Conductances

scholarly journals The Formation and Properties of Thin Lipid Membranes from HK and LK Sheep Red Cell Lipids

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1729-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Andreoli ◽  
J. Andrew Bangham ◽  
Daniel C. Tosteson
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Membrane Voltage ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Cation Selectivity ◽  
High Degree

Lipids were obtained from high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK) sheep red cells by sequential extraction of the erythrocytes with isopropanol-chloroform, chloroform-methanol-0.1 M KCl, and chloroform. The extract contained cholesterol and phospholipid in a molar ratio of 0.8:1.0, and less than 1% protein contaminant. Stable thin lipid membranes separating two aqueous compartments were formed from an erythrocyte lipid-hydrocarbon solution, and had an electrical resistance of ∼108 ohm-cm2 and a capacitance of 0.38–0.4 µf/cm2. From the capacitance values, membrane thickness was estimated to be 46–132 A, depending on the assumed value for the dielectric constant (2.0–4.5). Membrane voltage was recorded in the presence of ionic (NaCl and/or KCl) concentration gradients in the solutions bathing the membrane. The permeability of the membrane to Na+, K+, and Cl- (expressed as the transference number, Tion) was computed from the steady-state membrane voltage and the activity ratio of the ions in the compartments bathing the membrane. TNa and TK were approximately equal (∼0.8) and considerably greater than TCl (∼0.2). The ionic transference numbers were independent of temperature, the hydrocarbon solvent, the osmolarity of the solutions bathing the membranes, and the cholesterol content of the membranes, over the range 21–38°C. The high degree of membrane cation selectivity was tentatively attributed to the negatively charged phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) present in the lipid extract.

Behaviour of Some Copper(I) and Cobalt(III) Complexes in Acetonitrile and n-Butyronitrile at 298.15K

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dip Singh Gill ◽  
Vivek Pathania ◽  
Bal Krishan Vermani ◽  
Raj Pal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Reference Electrolyte ◽  
Dipolar Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Ion Conductances

AbstractMolar conductances of a large number of copper(I) and cobalt(III) complexes, behaving as strong 1:1 electrolytes, have been measured in acetonitrile (AN) and n-butyronitrile (n-BTN) at 298.15K. The conductance data have been analyzed by the Shedlovsky method to evaluate Λ0 and KA values of these electrolytes. Limiting ion conductances (λi0) for various ions in AN have been calculated by using transference number data. In n-BTN, where no transference number data is available, such values have been calculated by an indirect method using Bu4NBPh4 as a reference electrolyte. The actual ionic radii (ri) for various ions in solution have been calculated using a modified form of Stokes’ law. The ionic radii (ri) for various complex ions have been compared with the ionic radii of two reference ions, Bu4N+ and Ph4B−, which are not solvated in dipolar aprotic solvents, to throw light on the solvation behaviour of these complex ions.

Electro-osmosis and hydrogen-ion transport in cation-exchange membranes

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Arnold ◽  
DA Swift
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Electro Osmosis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Transport

Hydrogen-ion transport numbers, water transference numbers, and acid absorption are reported for some cation-exchange membranes in presence of 0.1N, 1.0N, and 5.0N sulphuric acid. The transport numbers of hydrogen ion remain fairly close to unity even at the highest acid concentration; this is largely due to the retardation of the anions by the electro-osmotic water flux. With increasing acid concentration the water transference number falls to a lower limit of 1.0 mole per faraday; with the driest membrane used this value is obtained at all acid concentrations used. This behaviour suggests that when there are less than about 11 moles of water available per hydrogen ion in the membrane, association occurs between sulphonate groups and hydrogen ions, with consequent immobilization of the latter.

THE LIMITING CONDUCTANCE OF POTASSIUM IODATE AND OF IODATE ION AT 25.00 °C

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1277-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. Bock
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Equivalent Conductance ◽  
Ionic Conductances ◽  
Iodate Ions

Measurements have been made of the equivalent conductance of solutions of potassium iodate, at 25.00 °C at concentrations ranging from 0.8 × 10−4 to 16 × 10−4 N. From this the limiting equivalent conductance of potassium iodate is found to be 114.41 mhos and that of iodate ion 40.91 mhos. The experimental technique is described. The ionic conductances of chlorate, bromate, and iodate ions are compared.

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