Infrared titration of aqueous NaOH by aqueous HCl

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Joseph Max ◽  
Camille Chapados
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficient ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Mean

The titration of NaOH by HCl is achieved through infrared spectral measurement of the various mixtures. Factor Analysis (FA) is used to separate the spectra. Four principal spectra were necessary to perform the analysis: pure water, 2.09 M HCl, 2.23 M NaOH, and 2.60 M NaCl solvated water. Each of the 18 experimental spectra obtained was determined to be a linear combination of these principal spectra. The composition of the solutions retrieved from the IR analysis is identical to what was determined by the mass balance. The mean activity coefficient of HCl was calculated using the concentration of HCl obtained by IR and the activity obtained by pH measurements. It was found that the mean activity coefficient increased by a factor greater than 2 in the presence of 1 M NaCl. Because the water molecules associated to the ionic pair H+/Cl-, as observed by IR, are unmodified by the presence of the salt, such an increase cannot be attributed to a modification of the strong association of the water molecules to the pair of ions.Key words: infrared spectroscopy; ATR; liquid; acidic solutions; alkaline solutions; aqueous solutions; factor analysis; principal spectra; HCl-, NaOH-, NaCl-solvated water; activity coefficient; IR titration.

Solubility in the System (NH4)2S2O8—NH3—H2O and Mean Activity Coefficients of Saturated Solutions of (NH4)2S2O8

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Jan Balej
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Water Values ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficients ◽  
Ammonium Peroxodisulfate ◽  
Saturated Solutions

Solubility in the System (NH4)2S2O8—NH3—H2O and Mean Activity Coefficients of Saturated Solutions of (NH4)2S2O8The solubility data of ammonium peroxodisulfate in aqueous ammonia solutions at 15.5 °C have been evaluated using the relative activity coefficient expansion. Using the known value of the mean activity coefficient of saturated solution of ammonium peroxodisulfate in pure water, values of the mean activity coefficients of this salt in the saturated solutions of the given system have been calculated.

scholarly journals Structure and thermodynamics in the linear modified Poisson-Boltzmann theories in restricted primitive model electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 23801
Author(s):  
L. B. Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Spherical Approximation ◽  
Mean Spherical Approximation ◽  
Primitive Model ◽  
Restricted Primitive Model ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficient ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann ◽  
Electrical Part ◽  
The Mean

Structure and thermodynamics in restricted primitive model electrolytes are examined using three recently developed versions of a linear form of the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Analytical expressions for the osmotic coefficient and the electrical part of the mean activity coefficient are obtained and the results for the osmotic and the mean activity coefficients are compared with that from the more established mean spherical approximation, symmetric Poisson-Boltzmann, modified Poisson-Boltzmann theories, and available Monte Carlo simulation results. The linear theories predict the thermodynamics to a remarkable degree of accuracy relative to the simulations and are consistent with the mean spherical approximation and modified Poisson-Boltzmann results. The predicted structure in the form of the radial distribution functions and the mean electrostatic potential also compare well with the corresponding results from the formal theories. The excess internal energy and the electrical part of the mean activity coefficient are shown to be identical analytically for the mean spherical approximation and the linear modified Poisson-Boltzmann theories.

A procedure for estimating the mean activity coefficient of dye in fibre

2008 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-382
Author(s):  
Yuzo Yamaguchi ◽  
Kunihiro Hamada ◽  
Tsutomu Ishiwatari ◽  
Masaru Mitsuishi
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficient ◽  
The Mean

The Hydration of Ketones in Mixtures of Water and Polar Aprotic Solvents

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (13) ◽  
pp. 1992-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Stewart ◽  
John D. Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

The hydration of a series of ring-substituted trifluoroacetophenones (Z) has been studied by means of u.v. and n.m.r. spectroscopy in DMSO–water and sulfolane–water mixtures. The W0 function is defined as [Formula: see text] where Kd is the equilibrium constant for the reaction [Formula: see text]Mixtures of water and sulfolane in all proportions have a dehydrating effect compared to water but mixtures of water and DMSO down to 15 mol % water are more hydrating with respect to the carbonyl group of trifluoroacetophenones than is pure water. An analysis of activity coefficient behavior indicates that the diol, ZH2O, has a higher requirement for solvation by water molecules than does water itself.The rate of the uncatalyzed hydration in aqueous sulfolane drops drastically as the water content of the medium decreases, whereas the rate of the acid-catalyzed reaction is not greatly affected by changes in the solvent composition; a plot of log k for both catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions is approximately linear in W0.

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