Genetic response to within-family selection using molecular markers in some radiata pine breeding schemes

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) provides an opportunity to increase the efficiency of within-family selection in forest tree breeding. Within-family MAS involves selection decisions first made on conventional breeding values and quantitative trait loci (QTL) information used for within-family selection. In this study genetic response obtained by using MAS was compared with conventional methods for three options: "full-sib family forestry," "clonal forestry," and "forward selection for deployment." This comparison was undertaken using stochastic simulation for a locus that explained 10 or 20% of the genetic variance. In the full-sib family forestry scenario, markers were used to select genotypes (among juvenile individuals in a family) for vegetative propagation. Markers were used to preselect genotypes for clonal testing in clonal forestry option. In case of forward selection for deployment option, offspring that have favourable marker haplotype and a superior phenotype were selected from each family. The comparison between the MAS and the conventional strategy was evaluated in genetic terms based on comparison of the average genetic merit of the genotypes used for deployment in production plantations. The relative genetic gain (%) using MAS were found to be 48% and 23% higher compared with conventional strategy for full-sib family forestry and clonal forestry options, respectively. In case of forward selection for deployment option, MAS was generally found to be providing higher genetic gain only when the heritability is low.

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Simulation of hybrid forest tree breeding strategies

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x03-181 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 195-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R J Kerr ◽

M J Dieters ◽

B Tier ◽

H S Dungey

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Selection ◽

Parental Species ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Breeding Strategies ◽

Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽

Forest Tree Breeding ◽

Forward Selection ◽

Pure Species

Computer simulation is the only realistic method of evaluating alternative methods of breeding hybrid forest trees. Empirical tests would be very long term and expensive. This paper describes the development of a simulation program, called XSIM, which generates two different but closely related outcrossing tree species. The genetic correlation between performance in each parental species and performance in the resulting hybrid can be set, in addition to the amounts and types of variances in each parental species. The breeding strategies available for testing include conventional reciprocal recurrent selection, reciprocal recurrent selection with forward selection, recurrent selection within each pure species, and the creation of a synthetic species. XSIM allows the strategies to be compared using the same base populations, equivalent selection intensities, and comparable mating patterns. Innovative best linear unbiased prediction procedures allow all ancestral and current progeny generation data, from both parental species and the hybrid, to be analysed together. The theoretical basis for the simulation is given, and genetic and statistical models are described. In summary, XSIM allows rigorous comparisons of the strategies in terms of genetic gain per time and provides useful insight into hybrid forest tree breeding.

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Inheritance of spiral grain in the juvenile core of Pinus radiata

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-202 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 116-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Washington Gapare ◽

Adrian Hathorn ◽

Dominic Kain ◽

Colin Matheson ◽

Harry Wu

Keyword(s):

Pinus Radiata ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Correlated Response ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Tangential Plane ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Spiral Grain ◽

Grain Angle ◽

Selection For

Spiral grain is the angular arrangement of fibres in a tangential plane with reference to the pith or vertical tree axis. Spiral grain angles exceeding 5° can cause wood to twist, which may result in a considerable amount of waste and degrade. We assessed spiral grain at breast height in two related progeny tests of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) aged 8 and 9 years established at two different sites in Australia. Radial trends for grain angle at the two sites were similar. Mean spiral grain (MSG) across the two trials was 4.3° with a standard deviation of 1.5° and a range of 0.8–10°. Estimates of individual tree heritabilities on a single-site basis for individual rings and MSG suggested that spiral grain is lowly to highly inherited (h2 = 0.11 ± 0.08 to 0.66 ± 0.21 for individual rings and 0.44 ± 0.12 for MSG). Additive genotypic correlations between individual rings grain angle and MSG were generally high, above 0.71, suggesting a favourable expected correlated response of mean grain angle in the juvenile wood to selection for grain angle of individual rings. Selection to reduce spiral grain on any of rings 2–4 (at a selection intensity of 1.755, i.e., selecting the best 10% of trees) would result in a predicted correlated genetic gain in MSG of 1.0°. Our results suggest that selection could be performed in any of the individual rings 2, 3, or 4 (equivalent to ages 4–6) and still achieve at least 75% of the genetic gain possible from selection on the mean of all rings 1–5 (MSG). This suggests that there is an optimum stage (rings 2–4) in which selection for this trait should take place. Our results suggest that a reduction in spiral grain angle in the juvenile core is one strategy to reduce the amount of lower grade timber owing to twist.

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Balanced forest tree improvement can be enhanced by selecting among many parents but maintaining balance among grandparents

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x08-114 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 2797-2803 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dag Lindgren ◽

Darius Danusevičius ◽

Ola Rosvall

Keyword(s):

Genetic Gain ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Selection Strategy ◽

Family Selection ◽

Parent Selection ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Balanced Tree

A model for a balanced tree breeding program that considers genetic gain and cost was used to assess the benefits of increasing the breeding population to allow for a component of among-parent selection while maintaining an equal contribution among grandparents, rather than relaying on within-family selection with an equal parental representation. The scenario used in this study had characteristics similar to those of the phenotypic selection strategy for Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) in Sweden. The results showed that investments in a greater number of parents and families to allow for among-parent selection resulted in a markedly higher genetic gain. The among-parent selection component increased the genetic gain by as much as 70% in a scenario with a high budget and no family creation costs and by as much as 20% in a scenario with a low budget and high family creation costs.

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Realized genetic gain for 2nd-year height in jack pine

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x89-110 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 707-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas D. Rudolph ◽

Hyun C. Kang ◽

Raymond P. Guries

Keyword(s):

Normal Distribution ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Jack Pine ◽

Base Population ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Family Selection ◽

Expected Gain ◽

Finite Base ◽

Theoretical Population ◽

Selection For

A complete cycle of within-family selection for 2nd-year height in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) was accomplished. The expected absolute gain from a theoretical population is 9.3%. The expected gain calculated using actual selected parental group means was 6.5% for upper selection and −6.5% for lower selection; realized gains were 5.1% for upper selection and −3.7% for lower selection. Reasons for reductions in the realized gain compared with expected gain include (i) a finite base population size; (ii) biological constraints such as inconsistent seed production; (iii) non-normal distribution for the trait of interest; and (iv) non selected male parents in open pollination.

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Genomic selection for non-key traits in radiata pine when the documented pedigree is corrected using DNA marker information

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-019-6420-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yongjun Li ◽

Jaroslav Klápště ◽

Emily Telfer ◽

Phillip Wilcox ◽

Natalie Graham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genomic Selection ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Additive Genetic Variance ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Exome Capture ◽

Forward Selection ◽

Generation Interval ◽

Stem Straightness ◽

Cluster Frequency

Abstract Background Non-key traits (NKTs) in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) refer to traits other than growth, wood density and stiffness, but still of interest to breeders. Branch-cluster frequency, stem straightness, external resin bleeding and internal checking are examples of such traits and are targeted for improvement in radiata pine research programmes. Genomic selection can be conducted before the performance of selection candidates is available so that generation intervals can be reduced. Radiata pine is a species with a long generation interval, which if reduced could significantly increase genetic gain per unit of time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and predictive ability of genomic selection and its efficiency over traditional forward selection in radiata pine for the following NKTs: branch-cluster frequency, stem straightness, internal checking, and external resin bleeding. Results Nine hundred and eighty-eight individuals were genotyped using exome capture genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and 67,168 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used to develop genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) with genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP). The documented pedigree was corrected using a subset of 704 SNPs. The percentage of trio parentage confirmed was about 49% and about 50% of parents were re-assigned. The accuracy of GEBVs was 0.55–0.75 when using the documented pedigree and 0.61–0.80 when using the SNP-corrected pedigree. A higher percentage of additive genetic variance was explained and a higher predictive ability was observed when using the SNP-corrected pedigree than using the documented pedigree. With the documented pedigree, genomic selection was similar to traditional forward selection when assuming a generation interval of 17 years, but worse than traditional forward selection when assuming a generation interval of 14 years. After the pedigree was corrected, genomic selection led to 37–115% and 13–77% additional genetic gain over traditional forward selection when generation intervals of 17 years and 14 years were assumed, respectively. Conclusion It was concluded that genomic selection with a pedigree corrected by SNP information was an efficient way of improving non-key traits in radiata pine breeding.

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Genetic response to combined family selection for improved mean harvest weight in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Vietnam

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 412-413 ◽

pp. 70-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Dinh Hung ◽

Nguyen Thanh Vu ◽

Nguyen Hong Nguyen ◽

Raul W. Ponzoni ◽

David A. Hurwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽

Freshwater Prawn ◽

Genetic Response ◽

Family Selection ◽

Giant Freshwater Prawn ◽

Selection For

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Tissue Culture in Forestry: Economic and Genetic Potential

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc62219-4 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sadiq Hasnain ◽

William Cheliak

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Tree Improvement ◽

Forest Tree Breeding ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genetic Potential

Vegetative propagation of Canadian conifers by tissue culture methods will allow the exploitation of the maximum genetic gain achieved in forest tree breeding programs. Tissue culture could provide a much more rapid means for delivering the genetic gain achieved to the commercial forests. Key Words: Forestry, biotechnology, plant tissue culutre, genetics, tree improvement.

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