To Study the Effect of Auxin Concentrations (IBA and IAA) on Growth Performance of Stem Cutting of Hardwickia binata (Roxb.)

The present studies on “Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth Performance of Stem Cutting of Hardwickia binata Roxb” was carried out in the mist chamber of Institute of Forest Biodiversity, Dulapally, Kompally, Hyderabad, during January- April, 2021. The cuttings of Hardwickia binata Roxb were prepared from selected superior phenotypes from the surrounding environments of Kompally, Hyderabad. Hardwickia binata Roxb. is difficult to root and need auxin treatment and controlled environment to successful survival and rooting. The cuttings were treated with 0, 200, 500,1000, 1500, 2000 mg/l concentrations of IBA and IAA and planted in poly bags under mist chamber. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Analysis of variance was worked out to assess the variation in Hardwickia binata Roxb. for eight characters. Treatment with IBA at 2000mg was found to be the best treatment as it achieved maximum in survival percentage (52.64%), shoot length (31.92cm), rooting percentage (81.69%), number of roots per cutting (20.44) and root biomass (6.32g) followed by treatment with IAA at 2000mg/l (T10) achieved maximum. The performance increased with an increase in concentrations of both IBA and IAA. Among the two auxins treatments, IBA was found to be most effective, showed significantly higher values compared to IAA. It is possible to successfully multiply the Hardwickia binata Roxb. cuttings by treating with 2000 mg/l of IBA under controlled phyto-environmental condition. The study evolved an easy and efficient protocol for vegetative propagation of HardwickiabinataRoxb.via stem cuttings to establish clonal forestry.

PERBANYAKAN VEGETATIF TUSAM (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese) DENGAN TEKNIK CANGKOK

Pinus merkusii is a main species for produce pine resin in Indonesia. Clone of Pinus merkusii on progeny trial establishing by Perhutani has identified can produce high yielderresin up to 100 gr/tree/3 days. Clonal forestry needs applied propagation method that easy dan economically on operational level. One of propagation method selected was by air layering. This research work were to obtained genetic materials and to get information number of live percent of seedling from air layering from high yielder resin Pinus merkusii subline when the mother trees reach 12 years old. The research was conducted in Perum Perhutani KPH Banyumas Barat, RPH Samudra on year 2020 with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result of this research showed that rooting ability on Pinus merkusii 12 years old mother trees have signifiant differences between subline. Rooting ability of seedling generated by air layering method were 29% (subline SG2), 24% (subline JB2), 18% (subline SL2) and 11% (subline SM2) with an average of 18% and heritability of rooting ability by air layering was 0,44.

Effects of Cutting, Pruning, and Grafting on the Expression of Age-Related Genes in Larix kaempferi

Grafting, cutting, and pruning are important horticultural techniques widely used in the establishment of clonal forestry. After the application of these techniques, some properties of the plants change, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In our previous study, 27 age-related transcripts were found to be expressed differentially between the juvenile vegetative (1- and 2-year-old) and adult reproductive (25- and 50-year-old) phases of Larix kaempferi. Here, we re-analyzed the 27 age-related transcripts, cloned their full-length cDNA sequences, and measured their responses to grafting, cutting, and pruning. After sequence analysis and cloning, 20 transcription factors were obtained and annotated, most of which were associated with reproductive development, and six (LaAGL2-1, LaAGL2-2, LaAGL2-3, LaSOC1-1, LaAGL11, and LaAP2-2) showed regular expression patterns with L. kaempferi aging. Based on the expression patterns of these transcription factors in L. kaempferi trees subjected to grafting, cutting, and pruning, we concluded that (1) cutting and pruning rejuvenate the plants and change their expression, and the effects of cutting on gene expression are detectable within 14 years, although the cutting seedlings are still maturing during these years; (2) within three months after grafting, the rootstock is more sensitive to grafting than the scion and readily becomes mature with the effect of the scion, while the scion is not readily rejuvenated by the effect of the rootstock; and (3) LaAGL2-2 and LaAGL2-3 are more sensitive to grafting, while LaAP2-2 is impervious to it. These findings not only provide potential molecular markers to assess the state of plants but also aid in studies of the molecular mechanisms of rejuvenation.

New technique for the early production of Araucaria angustifolia grafted plants

The objective of this work was to evaluate the grafting of Araucaria angustifolia in two container volumes and at three heights. Rootstocks with 30±5.0 cm were grafted with 4.0±1.0-cm buds in 110 and 280-cm3 plastic tubes (containers) at three heights (5.0±1.0, 10±1.0, and 15±1.0 cm). There was a reduction in graft survival as the height of the grafting point increased, and the lower volume limited the development of the root system. Therefore, grafting at 5.0±1.0 cm in 280-cm3 containers brings new perspectives to improve the clonal forestry of the species, with a significant reduction in plants production time (of up to 12 months), as well as in production costs, used materials, and physical area.

Effect of Mother Trees and Cuttings Material Position on the Stool Plants to Shorea leprosula Shoot Cuttings Growth

Vegetative propagation plays an important role to support Shorea leprosula’s clonal forestry development. This study aimed to determine the effect of mother trees and cuttings material position of S. leprosula shoot cuttings growth at 4 months of age. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used as the experimental design, which consists of two factors, i.e. cuttings material position (4 level) and mother trees (10 mother trees). The results showed that the interaction between mother trees and cuttings material position significantly affected the growth of height and the number of the leaf. The best interactions in height of growth values ranged from 7.83 to 8.83 cm and the best number of leaves ranged from 3.6 to 4.5 sheets. The single factor of the cuttings material position and mother trees significantly affected the rooting percentage, the number of the root, and the length of the root. The cuttings material position at 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm found to be the best rooting percentage (84 to 88%), the cuttings material position at 40 cm and 60 cm found to be the best number of the root (4.04 to 4.43 pieces) and the best length of the root (10.23 to 10.93 cm).

Propagation from root cuttings for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary: a review

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a valuable stand-forming tree species introduced to Europe approximately 400 years ago from North America. Today it is widely planted throughout the world, first of all for wood production. In Hungary, where black locust has great importance in the forest management, it is mainly propagated by seeds. But since the seed-raised plants present a great genetic variation, this type of propagation can not be used for Robinia’s improved cultivars. In the Hungarian black locust clonal forestry, propagation from root cuttings can be used for reproduction of superior individuals or cultivars in large quantities. However, this method demands more care than raising seedlings from seeds and can be applied with success in well-equipped nurseries.

Vegetative propagation and application of clonal forestry in Brazilian native tree species

Understanding the mechanisms involved in tree species maturation, related mainly to ontogenetic age effects, has contributed significantly to the vegetative propagation process of Brazilian native tree species, with consequent application of clonal forestry. A number of methodologies has been developed to rescue and vegetatively propagate these species for silvicultural and environmental restoration purposes. However, the types and purposes of propagation, as well as the choice of suitable processes and propagules considering the intended objectives, still need to be better aligned. In addition, there is an evident knowledge gap and great potential regarding the use of native tree species in Brazilian clonal forestry, indicating the need of a greater interaction between studies on the vegetative propagation and vigor of these materials in the field. Therefore, this review aims to help understand the different types of techniques used and their application on the vegetative propagation and clonal forestry of Brazilian native tree species, besides proposing a schematic sequence of the stages involved in these processes for productive and environmental purposes.

CLONAL FORESTRY OF Araucaria angustifolia: PLANTS PRODUCED BY GRAFTING AND CUTTINGS CAN BE USED FOR WOOD PRODUCTION1

ABSTRACT Araucaria angustifolia (Brazilian Pine or Araucaria) is a potential native species to Brazilian forestry. However, a number of challenges and technical restraints still persist, making difficult its expansion as a species for forest plantations, among which the lack of cloning technologies evaluation in field conditions. So the present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Araucaria plants produced by cuttings and grafting for wood production in comparison to those produced by seeds, by assessing field vigor and establishing a form factor for plantations with equivalent age. Plants from cuttings and seeds were planted in a 3 x 3 m spacing, being part of the last intended to be rootstocks for grafting. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments and plots of a plant (one tree plot). Plants from cuttings had higher growth in diameter at breast height (7.4 ± 2.41 cm) and total height (4.2 ± 1.08 m) at 74 months after planting, followed by grafted plants and from seeds, with similar results. We conclude that cuttings and grafting are potential techniques for Araucaria plants formation for wood production, and, in particular, grafting is recommended by the easiness of in its application, besides the fact that it can be used for seed orchards formation and presents volumetric increase and form factor similar to seedlings.