THE BITING RESPONSE OF LARVAE OF THE PRAIRIE GRAIN WIREWORM, CTENICERA AERIPENNIS DESTRUCTOR (BROWN) (COLEOPTERA:ELATERIDAE), TO VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF GERMINATING RYE SEED

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Causative Agents

Cold-water and hot-water extracts of flour made from germinating rye seed elicited a biting or feeding response from larvae of the prairie grain wireworm. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts and the residue from the extractions did not. Solutions of L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, DL-γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, or dextrose at a concentration of 0.020 M did not act as stimuli for the biting response. Similar concentrations of sucrose and fructose stimulated this reaction weakly. The results suggest that amino acids, polypeptides, or carbohydrates may be the causative agents for the biting or feeding response.

Comparison of Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activities in Different Strains of Tremella fuciformis Berk

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (08) ◽  
pp. 1637-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Kuo Han ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Chiang ◽  
Chien-Yin Lin ◽  
Chih-Hsin Tang ◽  
Hsinyu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Tremella Fuciformis ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Tremella fuciformis Berk (TF) is a common edible and medicinal mushroom, and has long been used in food and in Chinese medicine. It possesses anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective abilities. Since their cultivation is a problem, TFs in Taiwan are primarily imported from China, which has a problem with pesticide residues. Thus, the question of whether the Taiwan cultivated TFs, T1, and T6 showed similar or even better results than TFs from China (CH) was assessed in the present study. The results of the physicochemical tests of these TFs showed that T1 extracted by hot water (T1H) has the highest concentration of polysaccharide; meanwhile, T6 extracted by cold water (T6C) showed the highest amount of protein. Regarding the immune modulatory effects of these TFs, hot water extracts of these TFs augmented significantly the inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] mRNA expression than those of cold water extracts. On the other hand, the cold water extracts of TFs, especially of T1C, obviously suppressed cancer cell survival better than those of hot water extracts. Interestingly, we found that hot water extracts of TFs may augment necrotic cell death, whereas, cold water extracts of TFs induce apoptosis. Furthermore, we also showed that these TFs activate caspase-3 cleavage, up regulate the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and decrease MMP-9 expressions in PC-3 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that T1 and T6 strains of TFs showed the similar immune modulatory and anticancer abilities were better than the CH strain of TFs.

Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from Chroogomphis rutillus

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Fang Ji ◽  
Ling Wen Zhang ◽  
Hai Yan Zhang ◽  
Ming Duo Yang ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Chelating Ability

Chroogomphis rutillus is an ectomycorrhizal edible mushroom available in China. The ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were prepared and their antioxidant properties studied. At 4 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.561, whereas those of cold water and hot water extracts were 1.161 and 0.808. With regard to the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, extracts were effective in the order: ethanolic > cold water > hot water extracts. EC50values for chelating ability on ferrous ions for ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were 15.755, 0.059, and 0.067 mg/mL, respectively. Based on EC50values, the various extracts from C. rutillus were effective antioxidants.

Incorporation of carbon atoms from glucose into free amino acids in brain under normal and altered conditions

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yoshino ◽  
K. A. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aminooxyacetic Acid

The time course of entry of radioactive carbon from intravenously administered [U-14C]-glucose into free amino acids in the brains of rats has been studied using an automatic amino acid analyzer coupled through a flow cell with a scintillation counter. Radioactivity appeared rapidly in alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid as previously shown, and in an unknown ninhydrin-positive substance present in very small amount. Urea, serine, and glycine became slightly radioactive. Four hours after giving the radioactive glucose, the specific activity in all soluble substances was low. In pentobarbital anesthesia, specific radioactivity was increased in alanine and decreased in γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic and glutamic acids, and glutamine. A high proportion of radioactivity remained in glucose. Under hypoxia, alanine increased in amount but decreased in specific activity, and the specific activities of the other strongly labelled amino acids decreased. The proportion of the total radioactivity found in glucose and lactate increased. During picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol convulsions, changes occurred which were similar to those under hypoxia. After aminooxyacetic acid administration, the well-known great increase in γ-aminobutyric acid level was found to be accompanied by a decrease in glutamate and also in aspartic acid and alanine, indicating inhibition of the three transaminases concerned. The previously observed brief rapid postmortem increase in the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid was confirmed; alanine also increased briefly but no other amino acid did so. The increased γ-aminobutyric acid had the same specific radioactivity as the original but the extra alanine was less radioactive than the original. When the γ-aminobutyric acid level had been increased by administration of aminooxyacetic acid, the rapid postmortem increase did not occur.

Antioxidant Properties of Glossogyne tenuifolia

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan-Hwa Yang ◽  
Shu-Yao Tsai ◽  
Ching-Mei Han ◽  
Chun-Chien Shih ◽  
Jeng-Leun Mau
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Butylated Hydroxyanisole ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Glossogyne Tenuifolia

Glossogyne tenuifolia (Labill) Cass. (Compositae) is a special medicinal plant in the Pescadores Islands. Ethanolic, cold and hot water extracts were prepared from the dried herb and their antioxidant properties and components were studied. Ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole, citric and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids were used in assays for comparison. With regard to EC50 values in antioxidant activity, ethanolic and hot water extracts (0.08 and 0.09 mg/ml) were much more effective than the cold water extract (0.76 mg/ml). At 1.0 mg/ml, reducing capacities were 1.57, 0.31 and 1.04 for ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts, respectively. Scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals were in descending order: ethanolic > cold water > hot water extracts. At 20 mg/ml, the hot water extract chelated all hydroxyl ions (100%) whereas the scavenging ability of the cold water extract was 68.86%. Chelating abilities on ferrous ions were in descending order: cold water > hot water > ethanolic extracts. Phenols were found to be the major antioxidant components. All EC50 values were below 20 mg/ml, and some even below 0.1 mg/ml, indicating that all three extracts from G. tenuifolia were rich in antioxidant properties.

Antioxidant Properties of Various Extracts from Laoying Tea (Litsea coreana L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Hong Fang Ji ◽  
Ling Wen Zhang ◽  
Hai Yan Zhang ◽  
Ming Duo Yang ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chelating Ability

Laoying Tea, leaves of Litsea coreana L., is conventionally consumed as healthy tea beverage in southern China for hundreds of years. The ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were prepared and their antioxidant properties studied. At 160 µg/mL, the cold water extract showed a high reducing power of 1.056. With regard to the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, extracts were effective in the order: ethanolic > cold water > hot water extracts. EC50values for chelating ability on ferrous ions for ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were 10.23, 0.85 and 1.12 mg/mL, respectively. Total phenols were the major naturally occurring antioxidant components found and were in the order: cold water > hot water > ethanolic extracts. Based on EC50values, the various extracts from laoying tea were effective antioxidants.

scholarly journals Effect of Alloxan Diabetes on Cerebellar Amino Acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Butterworth ◽  
E. Hamel ◽  
F. Landreville ◽  
A. Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Neurotransmitter Amino Acids ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

SUMMARY:Rats rendered diabetic by alloxan monohydrate were studied to investigate the effect of increased blood glucose upon the concentration of various putative neurotransmitter amino acids in the cerebellum. No modification was found in the concentrations of glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, glycine or taurine, but there was a significant decrease in the cerebellar concentration of aspartate in the diabetic animals. This raises the question of the specificity of the aspartic acid defect found in some form of ataxia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document