Differential toxicity and teratogenic effects of the hot water and cold water extracts of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden sclerotium on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

2021 ◽  
pp. 114787
Author(s):  
Abd Rashid Nur Ayuni ◽  
Beng Fye Lau ◽  
Chin Siang Kue
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Differential Toxicity ◽  
Lignosus Rhinocerotis ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Comparison of Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activities in Different Strains of Tremella fuciformis Berk

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (08) ◽  
pp. 1637-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Kuo Han ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Chiang ◽  
Chien-Yin Lin ◽  
Chih-Hsin Tang ◽  
Hsinyu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Tremella Fuciformis ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Tremella fuciformis Berk (TF) is a common edible and medicinal mushroom, and has long been used in food and in Chinese medicine. It possesses anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective abilities. Since their cultivation is a problem, TFs in Taiwan are primarily imported from China, which has a problem with pesticide residues. Thus, the question of whether the Taiwan cultivated TFs, T1, and T6 showed similar or even better results than TFs from China (CH) was assessed in the present study. The results of the physicochemical tests of these TFs showed that T1 extracted by hot water (T1H) has the highest concentration of polysaccharide; meanwhile, T6 extracted by cold water (T6C) showed the highest amount of protein. Regarding the immune modulatory effects of these TFs, hot water extracts of these TFs augmented significantly the inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] mRNA expression than those of cold water extracts. On the other hand, the cold water extracts of TFs, especially of T1C, obviously suppressed cancer cell survival better than those of hot water extracts. Interestingly, we found that hot water extracts of TFs may augment necrotic cell death, whereas, cold water extracts of TFs induce apoptosis. Furthermore, we also showed that these TFs activate caspase-3 cleavage, up regulate the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and decrease MMP-9 expressions in PC-3 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that T1 and T6 strains of TFs showed the similar immune modulatory and anticancer abilities were better than the CH strain of TFs.

Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from Chroogomphis rutillus

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Fang Ji ◽  
Ling Wen Zhang ◽  
Hai Yan Zhang ◽  
Ming Duo Yang ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Chelating Ability

Chroogomphis rutillus is an ectomycorrhizal edible mushroom available in China. The ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were prepared and their antioxidant properties studied. At 4 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.561, whereas those of cold water and hot water extracts were 1.161 and 0.808. With regard to the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, extracts were effective in the order: ethanolic > cold water > hot water extracts. EC50values for chelating ability on ferrous ions for ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were 15.755, 0.059, and 0.067 mg/mL, respectively. Based on EC50values, the various extracts from C. rutillus were effective antioxidants.

Antioxidant Properties of Glossogyne tenuifolia

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan-Hwa Yang ◽  
Shu-Yao Tsai ◽  
Ching-Mei Han ◽  
Chun-Chien Shih ◽  
Jeng-Leun Mau
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Butylated Hydroxyanisole ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Glossogyne Tenuifolia

Glossogyne tenuifolia (Labill) Cass. (Compositae) is a special medicinal plant in the Pescadores Islands. Ethanolic, cold and hot water extracts were prepared from the dried herb and their antioxidant properties and components were studied. Ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole, citric and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids were used in assays for comparison. With regard to EC50 values in antioxidant activity, ethanolic and hot water extracts (0.08 and 0.09 mg/ml) were much more effective than the cold water extract (0.76 mg/ml). At 1.0 mg/ml, reducing capacities were 1.57, 0.31 and 1.04 for ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts, respectively. Scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals were in descending order: ethanolic > cold water > hot water extracts. At 20 mg/ml, the hot water extract chelated all hydroxyl ions (100%) whereas the scavenging ability of the cold water extract was 68.86%. Chelating abilities on ferrous ions were in descending order: cold water > hot water > ethanolic extracts. Phenols were found to be the major antioxidant components. All EC50 values were below 20 mg/ml, and some even below 0.1 mg/ml, indicating that all three extracts from G. tenuifolia were rich in antioxidant properties.

Teratogenic effects induced by paracetamol, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture on Danio rerio embryos: Oxidative stress implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 150541
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ricardo Rosas-Ramírez ◽  
José Manuel Orozco-Hernández ◽  
Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez ◽  
Demetrio Raldúa ◽  
Hariz Islas-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Antioxidant Properties of Various Extracts from Laoying Tea (Litsea coreana L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Hong Fang Ji ◽  
Ling Wen Zhang ◽  
Hai Yan Zhang ◽  
Ming Duo Yang ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chelating Ability

Laoying Tea, leaves of Litsea coreana L., is conventionally consumed as healthy tea beverage in southern China for hundreds of years. The ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were prepared and their antioxidant properties studied. At 160 µg/mL, the cold water extract showed a high reducing power of 1.056. With regard to the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, extracts were effective in the order: ethanolic > cold water > hot water extracts. EC50values for chelating ability on ferrous ions for ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were 10.23, 0.85 and 1.12 mg/mL, respectively. Total phenols were the major naturally occurring antioxidant components found and were in the order: cold water > hot water > ethanolic extracts. Based on EC50values, the various extracts from laoying tea were effective antioxidants.

THE BITING RESPONSE OF LARVAE OF THE PRAIRIE GRAIN WIREWORM, CTENICERA AERIPENNIS DESTRUCTOR (BROWN) (COLEOPTERA:ELATERIDAE), TO VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF GERMINATING RYE SEED

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Causative Agents

Cold-water and hot-water extracts of flour made from germinating rye seed elicited a biting or feeding response from larvae of the prairie grain wireworm. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts and the residue from the extractions did not. Solutions of L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, DL-γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, or dextrose at a concentration of 0.020 M did not act as stimuli for the biting response. Similar concentrations of sucrose and fructose stimulated this reaction weakly. The results suggest that amino acids, polypeptides, or carbohydrates may be the causative agents for the biting or feeding response.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Different Number of Fins in Circular Tube

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kamil Abdul Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Copper Tube ◽  
Smooth Tube ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Heat

Abstract-The present work investigates the enhancement of heat transfer by using different number of circular fins (8, 10, 12, 16, and 20) in double tube counter flow heat exchanger experimentally. The fins are made of copper with dimensions 66 mm OD, 22 mm ID and 1 mm thickness. Each fin has three of 14 mm diameter perforations located at 120o from each to another. The fins are fixed on a straight smooth copper tube of 1 m length, 19.9 mm ID and 22.2 mm OD. The tube is inserted inside the insulated PVC tube of 100 mm ID. The cold water is pumped around the finned copper tube, inside the PVC, at mass flow rates range (0.01019 - 0.0219) kg/s. The Reynold's number of hot water ranges (640 - 1921). The experiment results are obtained using six double tube heat exchanger (1 smooth tube and the other 5 are finned one). The results, illustrated that the heat transfer coefficient proportionally with the number of fin. The results also showed that the enhancement ratio of heat transfer for finned tube is higher than for smooth tube with (9.2, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1 13.1) times for number of fins (8, 10, 12, 16 and 20) respectively.

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