THE CAUDAL MUSCULATURE OF HOPLOPAGRUS GUNTHERI GILL (PERCIFORMES: LUTJANIDAE)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Nursall
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Nerve Plexus ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Deep Flexors

The caudal musculature of Hoplopagrus comprises dorsal and ventral superficial flexors reinforced by a deltoid flexor tendon, dorsal and ventral deep flexors a hypochordal longitudinal muscle, a dorsal adductor, and interradials. These provide for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and probably circumduction of fin rays. The muscles are innervated by a spinal nerve plexus. The fin rays articulate with the caudal vertebral skeleton by a well-developed joint capsule with a synovial space. Dissection of a series embracing Palaeoniscoidei–Holostei–Teleostei suggests how there has been an evolution of specialized effectors to actuate a caudal fin of increasingly complex function. A table of synonyms of muscles of the caudal fin is included.

scholarly journals Redescription of Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdener Garutti ◽  
Francisco Langeani
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Black Stripe ◽  
Conspicuous Feature ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Shape Pattern ◽  
Eye Diameter

Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908 is redescribed based on the holotype and 25 topotypes. The species belongs to the A. bimaculatus species complex, sharing with those species a black, horizontally ovate, humeral spot (the most conspicuous feature of this complex), two diffuse vertical brown bars in the humeral area (the first through humeral spot and the second 2-3 scales behind), and black medium caudal-fin rays. Furthermore, A. goyacensis possesses a black stripe extending along midlateral body portion, more conspicuous in alcohol preserved specimens. These characteristics allow its inclusion in the putative "black lateral stripe" sub-group of A. bimaculatus species complex. From the species of this complex it differs by the black lateral stripe shape, pattern of chromatophores on the flank, coloration of the caudal fin, scales on the lateral line, branched rays on anal fin, eye diameter, and caudal peduncle depth. Comments about the color pattern in Astyanax bimaculatus species complex are added.

scholarly journals Resurrection of the genus Homalopteroides (Teleostei: Balitoridae) with a redescription of H. modestus (Vinciguerra 1890)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3586 (1) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZACHARY S. RANDALL ◽  
LAWRENCE M. PAGE
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Interorbital Width ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Orbital Rim ◽  
Pectoral Fin Rays ◽  
Pelvic Fin

The genus Homalopteroides Fowler 1905 is resurrected and distinguished from the genus Homaloptera van Hasselt 1823based on a combination of characters including a unique mouth morphology, dorsal-fin origin over pelvic fin,≤60 lateral-line scales, and≤30 predorsal scales. Species included in Homalopteroides are H. wassinkii (Bleeker 1853), H. modestus(Vinciguerra 1890), H. rupicola (Prashad & Mukerji 1929), H. smithi (Hora 1932), H. stephensoni (Hora 1932), H. weberi(Hora 1932), H. tweediei (Herre 1940), H. indochinensis (Silas 1953), H. nebulosus (Alfred 1969), H. yuwonoi (Kottelat1998), and possibly H. manipurensis (Arunkumar 1999). Homalopteroides modestus (Vinciguerra 1890) is a poorlyknown species that was originally described from the Meekalan and Meetan rivers of southern Myanmar. It occurs in theSalween, Mae Khlong, and Tenasserim basins, and can be distinguished from all other species of Homalopteroides by thecombination of caudal-fin pattern (black proximal and distal bars, median blotch), 15 pectoral-fin rays, pectoral-fin lengthgreater than head length, 5½–6½ scales above and 5–6 scales below the lateral line (to the pelvic fin), 39–44 total lateral-line pores, no axillary pelvic-fin lobe, pelvic fin not reaching anus, orbital length less than interorbital width in adult, and maxillary barbel reaching to or slightly past the anterior orbital rim.

scholarly journals New species of Cyphocharax (Characiformes: Curimatidae) from the upper rio Negro, Amazon basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno F. Melo ◽  
Richard P. Vari
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Dark Pigmentation ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Adipose Fin ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Cyphocharax, Curimatidae, apparently endemic to the blackwater upper rio Negro of the Amazon basin in northern Brazil, is described.The new species is readily distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a distinctly longitudinally elongate, posteriorly vertically expanding patch of dark pigmentation along the midlateral surface of the caudal peduncle, with the patch extending from the base of the middle caudal-fin rays anteriorly past the vertical through the posterior terminus of the adipose fin. The new species additionally differs from all congeners in details of body and fin pigmentation and meristic and morphometric ratios. Evidence for the assignment of the species to Cyphocharax and the occurrence of other species of the Curimatidae apparently endemic to the upper rio Negro catchment is discussed.

scholarly journals A new species of Pimelodus La Cépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Raynner V Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Alberto S. de Lucena ◽  
Osvaldo T Oyakawa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Pimelodus multicratifer, a new species, is described from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin. The new species differs from the other Pimelodus species by the following features: 26 to 30 gill rakers on the first branchial arch; a combination of three to six rows of dark spots regularly or irregularly scattered on the flanks and several small dark spots irregularly scattered on the dorsal surface of head, supraoccipital process, and sometimes on the dorsal and caudal fins; striated lips; maxillary barbels reaching between posterior tip of the pelvic-fin rays and posterior tip of the middle caudal-fin rays.

scholarly journals Two new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from upper rio Tapajós basin on Chapada dos Parecis, central Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Pinto Carvalho ◽  
Vinicius Araújo Bertaco
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Black Band

Two new species of Hyphessobrycon are described from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of a conspicuous longitudinal broad black band beginning on the posterior margin of orbit and reaching the tip of middle caudal fin rays, a distinct vertically elongate humeral spot, and 16 to 18 branched anal-fin rays. Hyphessobrycon notidanos is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of an elongate dorsal fin in mature males, a vertically elongate humeral spot, 2-4 maxillary teeth, iii,8 dorsal-fin rays, and 16 to 21 branched anal-fin rays.

scholarly journals Regenerative Polarity of the Fin Ray in Zebrafish Caudal Fin and Related Tissue Formation on the Cut Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Wataru Nakajima ◽  
Soya Nakanishi ◽  
Ryosuke Hosoya ◽  
Toshiaki Uemoto ◽  
Shiro Ohgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Distal Margin ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Apical Side ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Distal Edge

Zebrafish caudal fin rays are used as a model system for regeneration because of their high regenerative ability, but studies on the regeneration polarity of the fin ray are limited. To investigate this regeneration polarity, we made a hole to excise part of the fin ray and analyzed the regeneration process. We confirmed that the fin rays always regenerated from the proximal margin toward the distal margin, as previously reported; however, regeneration-related genes were expressed at both the proximal and distal edges of the hole in the early stage of regeneration, suggesting that the regenerative response also occurs at the distal edge. One difference between the proximal and distal margins is a sheet-like tissue that is formed on the apical side of the regenerated tissue at the proximal margin. This sheet-like tissue was not observed at the distal edge. To investigate whether the distal margin was also capable of forming this sheet-like tissue and subsequent regeneration, we kept the distal margin separated from the proximal margin by manipulation. Consequently, the sheet-like tissue was formed at the distal margin and regeneration of the fin ray was also induced. The regenerated fin rays from the distal margin protruded laterally from the caudal fin and then bent distally, and their ends showed the same characteristics as those of the normal fin rays. These results suggest that fin rays have an ability to regenerate in both directions; however, under normal conditions, regeneration is restricted to the proximal margin because the sheet-like tissue is preferentially formed on the apical side of the regenerating tissue from the proximal margin.

scholarly journals Rediscovering species: redescription of Bryconops gracilis (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae), an often-misidentified species

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cárlison Silva-Oliveira ◽  
Rafaela P. Ota ◽  
Flávio C. T. Lima ◽  
Lúcia Rapp Py-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Pelvic Fin

ABSTRACT A redescription of Bryconops gracilis is provided, a species poorly known for more than a century. Bryconops gracilis differs from all congeners by having the following combination of features: eight branched pelvic-fin rays, 31-36 anal-fin rays, 15-17 predorsal scales arranged in a regular series, two rows of premaxillary teeth, and 53-60 lateral-line scales. The species was often misidentified as B. alburnoides by sharing an overall elongated body shape, caudal fin yellowish in life, and a high number of lateral-line scales. A diagnosis between B. alburnoides and B. gracilis is provided. The holotype of B. gracilis which for many years had whereabouts unknown, was recovered, examined and illustrated by CT-Scan. Additionally, more detailed information about the type locality, morphology, color pattern (including in living specimens), habitat and distribution pattern of species are provided.

Garra hormuzensis, a new species from the upper Kol River drainage in the Persian Gulf basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-394
Author(s):  
MAZAHER ZAMANI-FARADONBE ◽  
E. ZHANG ◽  
YAZDAN KEIVANY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
A New Species

Garra hormuzensis, new species, is described from the Kol River drainage. It is distinguished from its congeners in the Iranian part of the Persian Gulf basin by having 7½ branched dorsal-fin rays, usually 9+8 branched caudal-fin rays, the breast, belly and back in front of the dorsal-fin origin covered by scales, and a free lateral and posterior margins of the gular disc. It is further characterised by having a minimum K2P distance of 1.16% to G. mondica in the mtDNA COI barcode region.  

Internal Derangement of the Hip

2019 ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
Imran M. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Internal Derangement ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Synovial Tissues ◽  
Supporting Structures

Chapter 107 discusses the hip and its component tissues, including the bones, labrum, synovial tissues, muscles, and tendons, and covers the MRI appearances of many of the most common pathologies that occur in and around the hip joint. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint consisting of the femoral head and the cup-shaped acetabulum. Because of its shape, the hip allows multi-axial movements, including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation. A number of supporting structures, including the acetabular labrum and joint capsule, surrounding muscles and tendons, and bursae, help stabilize the hip and allow for a smooth range of motion. Injuries to any of these structures can result in hip pain and loss of function. MRI has become the test of choice to assess hip internal derangement because of its superior assessment of soft tissues and bone marrow and its contrast resolution, which improves conspicuity of pathologic conditions.

scholarly journals Astyanax totae, a new characid species (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ferreira Haluch ◽  
Vinícius Abilhoa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Dark Stripe ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Paraná Basin ◽  
Parana Basin ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Small Tributary

A new species of characid fish, Astyanax totae, is described from a small tributary in the upper drainage of the rio Iguaçu, Paraná basin, Brazil. The new species is distinct from most species of Astyanax by the vertically elongated humeral spot, slightly expanded above the lateral line to posterodorsal margin of opercle, followed by a midlateral dark stripe expanded from the humeral region to the median caudal-fin rays, maxilla with 2 to 5 teeth (usually 3) and 15 to 18 branched anal-fin rays.

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