EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF FOUR TYPES OF RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN IN THE NERVE CELLS OF THE CEREBELLUM IN THE ADULT CAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Nucleolar Apparatus ◽  
Adult Cat

In Helly-fixed cerebella, the toluidine blue – molybdate staining procedure reveals the existence of four distinct types of ribonucleoprotein in both the Purkinje cells of the vermian zone and the multipolar ganglion cells of the fastigial nucleus. These four types of ribonucleoprotein are found in, respectively, the ground substance (nucleolar matrix) of the nucleolus, the intranucleolar vacuoles (nucleolini), the intranuclear paranucleolar masses, and the cytoplasmic Nissl bodies. The relevant observational evidence suggests that the two organelles of the nucleolar apparatus, that is, the nucleolus and paranucleolar masses together with their associated chromocenters, are concerned with distinct synthetic activities with regard to the elaboration of neuronal ribonucleic acids or ribonucleoproteins. The significance of the above findings is discussed in the light of current concepts pertaining to cellular ribonucleoprotein metabolism.

Saccadic eye movements evoked by microstimulation of the fastigial nucleus of macaque monkeys

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Noda ◽  
S. Murakami ◽  
J. Yamada ◽  
J. Tamada ◽  
Y. Tamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Threshold Region ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Systematic exploration throughout the deep cerebellar nuclei and white matter disclosed that the region from which saccadic eye movements (saccades) were evoked with weak currents (less than 10 microA) was confined to the fastigial nucleus and the adjacent white matter. 2. When an electrode for stimulation was advanced in the cerebellum, saccades were evoked in the direction of the stimulated side (ipsilateral saccades) as it entered the low-threshold region. In some tracks, particularly when the electrode was advanced in the medial portion of the fastigial nucleus, the direction of the evoked saccades changed from the ipsilateral to the contralateral. 3. The mappings with microstimulation disclosed that the ipsilateral saccades were elicited from a relatively wide region that included almost the full extent of the fastigial nucleus. The low-threshold region continued in the white matter caudally into vermal lobule VII and rostrally into the dorsal aspect of the brachium conjunctivum. On the other hand, the contralateral saccades were evoked from a relatively circumscribed region in the ventromedial portion of the fastigial nucleus. 4. The reversal in the direction of the horizontal component occurred always in a narrow zone in the core of the fastigial nucleus. The caudal part of this zone coincided with an ellipsoidal region where anterogradely labeled axons of the Purkinje cells terminated when HRP was injected into vermal lobule VII. 5. When bicuculline (0.2-1 microgram) was injected in the ellipsoidal region, the ipsilateral saccades evoked from the dorsocaudal aspect of the region were suppressed for several hours. On the other hand, the contralateral saccades evoked from the ventromedial portion of the fastigial nucleus were either unchanged or enhanced. 6. Because the ipsilateral saccades were suppressed by bicuculline, they were most probably evoked by stimulation of the presynaptic component of gamma-amino-butyric acid-(GABA) mediated synapses, namely the axons of Purkinje cells. 7. Because stimulation of the presynaptic component of the inhibitory synapses evoked ipsilateral saccades, activation of the postsynaptic component would evoke contralateral saccades. In fact, the distribution of the fastigial sites yielding contralateral saccades coincided with the course of axons of fastigial neurons arising in the ellipsoidal region. It is most likely, therefore, that the contralateral saccades were evoked by stimulation of fastigial neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Purkinje Cells in the Adult Cat Cerebellar Cortex Possess a Perineuronal Net of Proteoglycans.

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru MABUCHI ◽  
Shinichiro MURAKAMI ◽  
Takehito TAGUCHI ◽  
Aiji OHTSUKA ◽  
Takuro MURAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Perineuronal Net ◽  
Adult Cat

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON MUCOPROTEINS IN NERVE CELLS OF THE DOG

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Sulkin
Keyword(s):  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Sensory Ganglion ◽  
Granular Form ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Periodic Acid Oxidation ◽  
Granular Deposition

Autonomic and sensory ganglion cells in the senile dog contain a deposition of PAS-positive substances which has been shown to be mucoprotein in nature. Data are presented to show that this PAS-positive mucoprotein can be demonstrated by metachromatic staining with toluidine blue after the mucoprotein is sulfated. This procedure indicates that mucoprotein is also present in a granular form in all nerve cells in both senile and young dogs. The evidence for this is further substantiated by the use of the aldehyde-fuchsin stain following both periodic acid oxidation and sulfation. The granular and non-granular deposition can be demonstrated by the periodic acid-aldehyde-fuchsin method due to the affinity of the aldehyde-fuchsin stain for aldehydes. It can be demonstrated following the sulfation-aldehyde-fuchsin method owing to the affinity of the stain for the sulfuric group. The evidence for this latter phenomenon has been reported by Scott and Clayton (6). It is concluded that mucoprotein is present in a granular form in all nerve cells in both senile and young dogs but is not concentrated enough in the latter to be demonstrated by the PAS method.

scholarly journals Factors affecting optic nerve head biomechanics in a rat model of glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (165) ◽  
pp. 20190695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Schwaner ◽  
Andrew J. Feola ◽  
C. Ross Ethier
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Collagen Fibre ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ganglion Cell Death

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells, which carry vision information from the retina to the brain. Although it is well accepted that biomechanics is an important part of the glaucomatous disease process, the mechanisms by which biomechanical insult, usually due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), leads to retinal ganglion cell death are not understood. Rat models of glaucoma afford an opportunity for learning more about these mechanisms, but the biomechanics of the rat optic nerve head (ONH), a primary region of damage in glaucoma, are only just beginning to be characterized. In a previous study, we built finite-element models with individual-specific rat ONH geometries. Here, we developed a parametrized model of the rat ONH and used it to perform a sensitivity study to determine the influence that six geometric parameters and 13 tissue material properties have on rat optic nerve biomechanical strains due to IOP elevation. Strain magnitudes and patterns in the parametrized model generally matched those from individual-specific models, suggesting that the parametrized model sufficiently approximated rat ONH anatomy. Similar to previous studies in human eyes, we found that scleral properties were highly influential: the six parameters with highest influence on optic nerve strains were optic nerve stiffness, IOP, scleral thickness, the degree of alignment of scleral collagen fibres, scleral ground substance stiffness and the scleral collagen fibre uncrimping coefficient. We conclude that a parametrized modelling strategy is an efficient approach that allows insight into rat ONH biomechanics. Further, scleral properties are important influences on rat ONH biomechanics, and additional efforts should be made to better characterize rat scleral collagen fibre organization.

А. Bethe. About the neurofibrils in the ganglion cells of vertebrates and. their relations with the Golginets.— Archives f. microscope. Anatomy, Vol. 55, 1900. p. 513

1901 ◽  
Vol IX (1) ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
A. Geberg
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Direct Continuation ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
Cerebellar Molecular Layer ◽  
Axial Cylinder

The first part of this work is a direct continuation of the above abstracted one and contains a description of primary fibrils in various types of nerve cells (Cornu Ammonis cells, Purkinje cells, small cells of the cerebellar molecular layer, nuclei dentati cells, brain and gelatinosae cn.) note only some of the results obtained by the author. Въ axially cylindrical. process nerv. the cell and, in particular, in the cone, the fibrils are distributed equally; there are no gaps left in which the lumps of Nissl could fit. In the formation of an axial cylinder. The process involves only a part (bescheidene Anzahl) of the fibrils, most of which serve to connect the protoplasm. processes between themselves. As for the dendrites, in them some of the primary fibrils end freely, as it were, sparsely shaped, on the surface of the process; it can meet at various points along the protoplasm. process.

scholarly journals Histochemical and radiographic investigations of Malathion-induced malformations in embryonic chick limbs

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Gill ◽  
Q. N. LaHam
Keyword(s):  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

The organophosphate Malathion produces malformations in the limbs of chick embryos. Staining with buffered toluidine blue reveals abnormal areas in the cartilage characterized by hypertrophy of the chondroblasts, lack of ground substance, and weak (gamma) γ metachromasia. Radioautography with S35 shows little incorporation into the chondroitin sulfates of the cartilage ground substance.

HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PAS-POSITIVE INCLUSIONS IN THE PURKINJE CELL OF THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX IN THE ADULT CAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Dendritic Branches

A chemical analysis of the PAS-positive inclusions present in the Purkinje cell of the adult cat has been attempted utilizing various accepted histochemical procedures. Two distinct types of inclusions have been identified. The inclusions of the first type are present m the Purkinje cells of all investigated animals and appear as isolated granules distributed more or less at random within the pericaryone and the primary dendritic branches; these granules exhibit the histochemical characteristics of a neutral mucopolysaccharide. The inclusions of the second type are present in the Purkinje cells of only 9 of the 22 investigated animals and appear as granules grouped into clusters of varying size and shape usually located in the upper half portion of the pericaryone and also within the primary dendritic branches; these granules contain not only a mucopolysaccharide but also a lipid and a protein fraction. This mucopolysaccharide–lipid–protein complex exhibits the physical properties and the staining reactions of the lipofuscin pigments.

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