The biology of Trypanosoma andersoni n. sp. and Trypanosoma grylli Nigrelli, 1944 (Kinetoplastida) from Hyla versicolor LeConte, 1825 (Anura)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O. Reilly ◽  
P. T. K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Osteopilus Septentrionalis ◽  
Centrifugation Technique ◽  
Acris Gryllus

From May 1979 to July 1980, the blood of 196 mature Hyla versicolor LeConte from six sites in southern Ontario and southeastern Manitoba was examined for trypanosomes using the haematocrit centrifugation technique. Trypanosoma andersoni n. sp. and Trypanosoma grylli Nigrelli were found in 5.2 and 5.6% of the frogs examined. Three frogs (1.5%) were infected with both species of trypanosomes. Blood trypomastigotes of both species were monomorphic. Blood trypomastigotes of T. andersoni n. sp. were long and slender, tapering at both ends, whereas those of T. grylli were pyriform with a rounded posterior and tapered anterior.Both blood and culture forms of these trypanosomes were infective to laboratory-raised H. versicolor and Hyla crucifer Wied. Trypanosoma grylli was also infective to a field-collected Acris gryllus (LeConte). Neither trypanosome was infective to laboratory-raised Rana catesbeiana Shaw, Rana clamitans Rafinesque tadpoles, Rana pipiens Schreber, Rana sylvatica LeConte, or Xenopus laevis Daudin. Trypanosoma andersoni n. sp. was also not infective to laboratory-raised Bufo americanus Holbrook, Pseudacris triseriata (Wied), or to field-collected Hyla cinerea (Schneider) and Osteopilus septentrionalis Dumeril and Bibron. Neither species was infective to field-collected Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque).

Redescription of Oswaldocruzia pipiens Walton, 1929 (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from amphibians of eastern North America

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Distal Process ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Inquirendae

Oswaldocruzia pipiens Walton, 1929 from the small intestine of Rana pipiens Shreber, R. sylvatica LeConte, R. clamitans melanota Latreille, Pseudacris triseriata triseriata Wied, Hyla versicolor LeConte, and Bufo americanus americanus Holbrook from southern Ontario is redescribed. O. collaris Walton, 1929 and O. euryceae Reiber, Byrd and Parker, 1940 are regarded as synonyms of O. pipiens. O. leidyi Travassos, 1917 is regarded as a nomen nudum and O. waltoni Ingles, 1936 and O. minuta Walton, 1941 as species inquirendae. O. pipiens most closely resembles O. goezei Skrjabin and Schulz, 1952. However, the terminal ends of the lateral distal processes of the spicules are divided into numerous small projections in O. goezei, whereas in O. pipiens each process divides into two incompletely separated projections. There is a slender, lateral spur on each lateral distal process in O. goezei, which are not present in O. pipiens.

Acidity and associated water chemistry of amphibian habitats in Nova Scotia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Dale ◽  
B. Freedman ◽  
J. Kerekes
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Rana Clamitans ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Field Transplant

One hundred and fifty-nine field sites consisting of ditches, bogs, marshes, ponds, and lakes in south and central Nova Scotia were surveyed for the presence of the adults, eggs, or larvae of 11 amphibian species. Water samples were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, color, conductivity, Na, K, Mg, Ca, SO4, and Cl. Discriminant function analysis revealed that none of these variables predicted a species' presence. Two three-species groups were found to be significantly associated among themselves, but mutually exclusive of each other. The two groups were (i) Ambystoma maculatum, Hyla crucifer, and Rana sylvatica and (ii) Rana clamitans, Rana catesbeiana, and Rana palustris. Rana sylvatica and A. maculatum were observed breeding successfully in an acidic bog (mean pH 4.1). Rana clamitans adults and larvae were located in the field at pHs as low as 3.5 and 3.9, respectively. Field transplant studies, using eggs of A. maculatum and R. sylvatica (at pH 5.7 and 4.1) and Bufo americanus (at pH 6.3 and 4.1), revealed that R. sylvatica was least sensitive to acidity. There is considerable variation in acid tolerance among the various species of Nova Scotia amphibians. Nevertheless, successful breeding by some species is occurring at very low pHs.

Patterns of larval amphibian distribution along a wetland hydroperiod gradient

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1539-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J Babbitt ◽  
Matthew J Baber ◽  
Tracy L Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
Pseudacris Crucifer ◽  
Wetland Hydroperiod ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

We investigated the response of pond-breeding amphibian assemblages to wetland hydroperiod and associated predator changes (invertebrates (abundance and richness) and fish (presence/absence)) in relatively undisturbed landscapes in southern New Hampshire, U.S.A. We sampled 42 wetlands for larval amphibians in 14 spatial blocks (each with a short-, intermediate-, and permanent-hydroperiod wetland) in 1998 and 1999. Assemblages in short-hydroperiod wetlands (<4 months) were depauperate (4 species only) compared with intermediate-hydroperiod (non-permanent but >4 months) and permanent wetlands, which included 7 and 9 species, respectively. Total amphibian abundance did not vary among hydroperiod categories. Species distributions along the hydrological gradient also differed. Rana sylvatica dominated wetlands with short and intermediate hydroperiods, whereas Rana catesbeiana, Bufo americanus, Rana clamitans, and Pseudacris crucifer dominated in those with a longer hydroperiod. Among permanent wetlands, amphibian species richness and abundance did not differ with respect to the presence of predatory fish, although there were species-compositional differences. Amphibian species richness and abundance were positively correlated with the abundance and richness of predatory invertebrates, suggesting that both amphibian and macroinvertebrate predator assemblages may be responding similarly to differences in wetland characteristics (e.g., dissolved oxygen concentration). Overall, our results indicate that wetland hydroperiod has an important influence on amphibian distribution and should be incorporated into regulations and legislation designed to protect biologically diverse isolated wetlands.

Distribution of the middorsal stripe dimorphism in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, in eastern North America

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1643-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Schueler ◽  
Francis R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Maritime Canada ◽  
Eurasian Species

The frequency of the middorsally striped morph of Rana sylvatica in Ontario and Manitoba varies from absence in southern Ontario to 80% on the coast of Hudson Bay, with a general value of 20–30% in the boreal forest, a rise to 50% on the forest–grassland ecotone in southern Manitoba, and a decline westward to 20% on the edge of the prairies. This morph is rare in the northeastern United States and Maritime Canada. The suggested relationship between its frequency and the "grassiness" of the background on which predators view it is reexamined, and it is suggested that a linkage with earlier transformation as demonstrated in Eurasian species may explain certain anomalies.

Variation in amount of surrounding forest habitat influences the initial orientation of juvenile amphibians emigrating from breeding ponds

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy J. Walston ◽  
Stephen J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Woodland Ponds ◽  
Emigration Behavior

Juvenile dispersal is important for the persistence of ​amphibian populations. Previous studies have observed nonrandom orientation in juvenile amphibians emigrating from breeding ponds; however, the environmental cues associated with these movements are not well understood. We examined the emigration behavior of recently metamorphosed juveniles of three pond-breeding amphibian species from three woodland ponds. We found that juvenile small-mouthed salamanders ( Ambystoma texanum (Matthes, 1855)), American toads ( Bufo americanus Holbrook, 1836), and wood frogs ( Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825) exhibited nonrandom orientation upon exiting the breeding ponds. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between captures of juvenile small-mouthed salamanders and wood frogs and width of the surrounding forest habitat, indicating that these species are selecting areas with broader forested habitat upon exiting the breeding ponds. Our results indicate that migrating juvenile amphibians may rely on direct environmental cues because the orientation of small-mouthed salamanders and wood frogs was influenced by width of the surrounding forested habitat. These observations support previous studies suggesting that maintaining forest habitat, along at least a portion of breeding ponds, is important for the persistence of amphibian populations.

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