Multivariate differentiation of parapatric and allopatric populations of threespine stickleback in the Sangan River watershed, Queen Charlotte Islands

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2944-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Reimchen ◽  
E. M. Stinson ◽  
J. S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
River System ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands

A discriminant analysis was made of 17 morphometric and 10 meristic characters in the freshwater form (leiurus) of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from 16 localities in the Sangan River System on the Queen Charlotte archipelago and in the presumed ancestral form (trachurus) from a nearby locality in marine waters. While multivariate means were significantly different between trachurus and leiurus, there was even greater differentiation between the leiurus populations found in lakes, ponds, and streams, divergence which was independent of geographical distance between localities. Statistical removal of meristics, removal of body length, log transformation and size standardization of all morphometries did not substantially alter the discrimination of the populations. Two of the leiurus populations that overlap in a narrow zone appear to have achieved reproductive isolation.

Meristic Variation in the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in the Matamek River System, Quebec

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Coad ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
River System ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
River Sample ◽  
Meristic Variation ◽  
Gill Raker

Samples of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from two lakes and a river in the Matamek River system, Québec were analyzed for five meristic characters. Mean vertebral number differed for each area (range 32.00–32.85) but mean soft fin ray number showed little variation (dorsal rays 11.52–11.79, anal rays 8.68–8.76). Gill raker number was higher in the lake samples (21.25 and 21.80) than in the river sample (20.76). In Matamek Lake only semiarmatus plate morphs were found; in Bill Lake, semiarmatus and trachurus morphs in a ratio of 4:1 with about 10% intermediate; and in the lower Matamek River, semiarmatus and, at a low frequency, leiurus morphs.

Reproductive Isolation Among Lateral Plate Phenotypes (Low, Partial, Complete) of the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus Aculeatus, From the White Sea Basin and the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery V. Ziuganov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Freshwater Pond ◽  
White Sea Basin

AbstractReproductive isolation was investigated among sympatric lateral plate morphs of threespine stickleback from the White Sea basin and also among phenotypically similar morphs from the distant Kamchatka River basin (Lake Azabachije). Female choice tests show that gene flow is restricted among the completely plated and low plated morphs at both locations; behavioural isolation between these morphs is complete among Lake Azabachije fish, and nearly so (93% positive assortative mating) among White Sea basin fish. However, the experiments also demonstrate that there are no barriers to reproduction among the Azabachije and White Sea complete morphs, among the Azabachije low and White Sea complete morphs, nor among the Azabachije complete and White Sea low morphs. In addition, there is no evidence of barriers to gene flow among the low and partially plated morphs. Therefore, although gene flow is restricted among the extreme morphs within each locality, nevertheless gene exchange is possible, either directly or secondarily, among all phenotypes. The reproductive isolation between the complete and low morphs from the White Sea basin developed in situ no more than eight generations after the sticklebacks were introduced into an isolated freshwater pond. Therefore behavioural isolation can evolve very rapidly among the lateral plate phenotypes of Gasterosteus aculeatus.

scholarly journals Proteomics support the threespine stickleback egg coat as a protective oocyte envelope

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Killingbeck ◽  
Damien B. Wilburn ◽  
Gennifer E. Merrihew ◽  
Michael J. MacCoss ◽  
Willie J. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Reproductive Proteins ◽  
Disulfide Bonding ◽  
Protein Architecture ◽  
Gamete Recognition ◽  
Last Ice Age ◽  
Egg Coat

AbstractAfter the end of the last ice age, ancestrally marine threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have undergone an adaptive radiation into freshwater environments throughout the Northern Hemisphere, creating an excellent model system for studying molecular adaptation and speciation. Stickleback populations are reproductively isolated to varying degrees, despite the fact that they can be crossed in the lab to produce viable offspring. Ecological and behavioral factors have been suggested to underlie incipient stickleback speciation. However, reproductive proteins represent a previously unexplored driver of speciation. As mediators of gamete recognition during fertilization, reproductive proteins both create and maintain species boundaries. Gamete recognition proteins are also frequently found to be rapidly evolving, and their divergence may culminate in reproductive isolation and ultimately speciation. As an initial investigation into the contribution of reproductive proteins to stickleback reproductive isolation, we characterized the egg coat proteome of threespine stickleback eggs. In agreement with other teleosts, we find that stickleback egg coats are comprised of homologs to the zona pellucida (ZP) proteins ZP1 and ZP3. We explore aspects of stickleback ZP protein biology, including glycosylation, disulfide bonding, and sites of synthesis, and find many substantial differences compared to their mammalian homologs. Furthermore, molecular evolutionary analyses indicate that ZP3, but not ZP1, has experienced positive Darwinian selection across teleost fish. Taken together, these changes to stickleback ZP protein architecture suggest that the egg coats of stickleback fish, and perhaps fish more generally, have evolved to fulfill a more protective functional role than their mammalian counterparts. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD017488 and PXD017489.

Haidadinium ichthyophilum gen.nov. et sp.nov. (Phytodiniales, Dinophyceae), a freshwater ectoparasite on stickleback (Gastetosteus aculeatus) from the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1936-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Buckland-Nicks ◽  
D. J. Garbary ◽  
T. E. Reimchen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complex Life History

The dinoflagellate Haidadinium ichthyophilum gen.nov. et sp.nov. is associated with the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in freshwater. This new genus differs from all previously described dinoflagellates in the morphology and ultrastructure of its complex life history stages and in the ecology of its interaction with G. aculeatus. Distinguishing characters included (i) the absence of thecal plates and the occurrence of chloroplastes in the short-lived swarmer (=dinospore) stage; (ii) the development of four distinct amoeboid stages including a spheroidal, rolling amoeba unknown in any other species; and (iii) the fact that this dinoflagellate causes epithelial hyperplasia in the stickleback and does not result in massive fish kills. Haidadinium ichthyophilum is known only from two acidic lakes in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Haidadinium is tentatively assigned to the family Phytodiniaceae of the order Phytodiniales. Key words: dinoflagellates, Dinophyceae, Gasterosteus, Haidadinium ichthyophilum gen.nov. et sp.nov., Queen Charlotte Islands, Phytodiniales, symbiosis, taxonomy, ultrastructure.

scholarly journals Positive assortative mating between recently described sympatric morphs of Icelandic sticklebacks

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudbjörg Á Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Michael G Ritchie ◽  
Sigurdur S Snorrason
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
Important Character ◽  
Nest Type ◽  
Sympatric Morphs

Recently, models of sympatric speciation have suggested that assortative mating can develop between sympatric morphs due to divergence in an ecologically important character. For example, in sympatric pairs of threespine stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) size-assortative mating seems to be instrumental in reproductive isolation. Here, we examine courtship behaviour and assortative mating of newly described sympatric stickleback morphs in Lake Thingvallavatn, Iceland. We find that the two morphs show strong positive assortative mating. However, the mechanism involved in mate choice does not seem to be as straightforward as in other similar systems of sympatric stickleback morphs and may involve variation in nest type.

scholarly journals The relationship between intraspecific assortative mating and reproductive isolation between divergent populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Bolnick ◽  
Mark Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Darwin's Finches ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Darwin’S Finches ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The term ‘assortative mating’ has been applied to describe two very different phenomena: (1) the tendency for individuals to choose phenotypically similar mates from among conspecifics; or (2) the tendency to prefer conspecific over hete-rospecific mates (behavioral reproductive isolation). Both forms of assortative mating are widespread in nature, but the relationship between these behaviors remains unclear. Namely, it is plausible that a preference for phenotypically similar conspecifics incidentally reduces the probability of mating with phenotypically divergent heterospecifics. We present a model to calculate how the level of reproductive isolation depends on intraspecific assortative mating and the phenotypic divergence between species. For empirically reasonable levels of intraspecific assortment on a single trait axis, we show that strong reproductive isolation requires very substantial phenotypic divergence. We illustrate this point by applying our model to empirical data from threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and Darwin’s Finches (Geospiza spp). We conclude that typical levels of intraspecific assortment cannot generally be extrapolated to explain levels of interspecific reproductive isolation. Instead, reproductive isolation between species likely arises from different mate choice behaviors, or multivariate assortative mating.

Phenotypic Variation in Threespine Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) of the Chignik River System, Alaska

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Narver
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
River System ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lateral Plates

Four phenotypes of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, were identified from the two Chignik lakes, Alaska: unplated (2–6 anterior plates); half-plated (7–15 anterior plates); fully plated (18–22 plates) lacustrine; and fully plated (18–22) estuarine. Distinctions lie in number and size of lateral plates and extent of lateral keel development on the caudal peduncle. Composition of the three lacustrine phenotypes in either lake population was similar among the years 1962–64 for both age I and age II in Black Lake but dissimilar in Chignik Lake. The Black Lake population contained a higher proportion of the unplated and half-plated phenotypes but fewer of the fully plated phenotypes than the Chignik Lake population. The life history of the estuarine phenotype is outlined. The mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of the four phenotypes in the Chignik River system have not been determined.

Observations of asymmetric reproduction along a morphocline of the blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1477-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne G. Ayvazian
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Behavioral Cues

Assortative mating has been documented within the Gasterosteus aculeatus complex. The outcome of laboratory mating trials between individuals from allopatric populations of the blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, is reported. A total of 70 intra- and inter-population mating trials between individuals from Massachusetts and Connecticut were conducted between 1984 and 1987. The results showed differences in the proportion of successful matings, measured as nests constructed, eggs deposited, and young produced. Although intrapopulation mating trials yielded the greatest proportion of nests, eggs, and young, mating did not proceed beyond nest construction between males from Massachusetts population and females from Connecticut population. These results suggest asymmetric reproductive isolation between this mating combination, as all other mating types produced offspring. Further research is necessary to resolve questions concerning differences in motivational states and reproductive behavioral cues.

scholarly journals Adaptive divergence and the evolution of hybrid phenotypes in threespine stickleback

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avneet K. Chhina ◽  
Ken A. Thompson ◽  
Dolph Schluter
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Ecological Divergence ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Phenotypic Distance

AbstractThe fitness of hybrids is a critical determinant of gene flow between hybridizing populations. If hybrid phenotypes change predictably as parental populations become increasingly divergent, this could provide insight into general mechanisms linking ecological divergence with reproductive isolation. In this study, we used threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) to examine how phenotypic divergence between populations drives the evolution of dominance, phenotypic variation, and trait ‘mismatch’ in hybrids. We generated F1 and F2 hybrids between 12 freshwater populations—which ranged from highly planktivorous to highly benthic-feeding—and an anadromous population that is highly planktivorous and resembles the ancestral state of derived freshwater populations. We measured 16 phenotypic traits in hybrids and pure parental individuals raised under common conditions. We found that dominance varied markedly among traits. By contrast, dominance for a given trait was typically consistent among populations except for two traits where dominance was predicted by the phenotype of the freshwater parent. We find that multivariate phenotypic variation is greater in hybrids between more divergent parents. Finally, we demonstrate that the extent to which parental traits are ‘mismatched’ in both F1 and F2 hybrids increases with the phenotypic distance between the parent populations. Critically, this relationship was clearer in F1 hybrids than in F2s—largely due to traits having different dominance coefficients and F1s having relatively little phenotypic variation. Our results demonstrate that some aspects of hybrid phenotypes evolve predictably as parental populations diverge. We also find evidence for a possible general mechanistic link between ecological divergence and reproductive isolation—that more divergent parent populations tend to produce hybrids with novel and potentially deleterious multivariate phenotypes.

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