QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITH A CONSTANT NUMBER OF EPR PAIRS

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (08) ◽  
pp. 1355-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIN-YUNG LU ◽  
SHIOU-AN WANG ◽  
YUH-JIUH CHENG ◽  
SY-YEN KUO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Dense Coding ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Epr Pairs ◽  
Single Qubit ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Epr Pair

In this paper, we propose a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol based on Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs. Previous QSDC protocols usually consume one EPR pair to transmit a single qubit. If Alice wants to transmit an n-bit message, she needs at least n/2 EPR pairs when a dense coding scheme is used. In our protocol, if both Alice and Bob preshare 2c + 1 EPR pairs with the trusted server, where c is a constant, Alice can transmit an arbitrary number of qubits to Bob. The 2c EPR pairs are used by Alice and Bob to authenticate each other and the remaining EPR pair is used to encode and decode the message qubit. Thus the total number of EPR pairs used for one communication is a constant no matter how many bits will be transmitted. It is not necessary to transmit EPR pairs before transmitting the secret message except for the preshared constant number of EPR pairs. This reduces both the utilization of the quantum channel and the risk. In addition, after the authentication, the server is not involved in the message transmission. Thus we can prevent the server from knowing the message.

QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION USING A SIX-QUBIT MAXIMALLY ENTANGLED STATE WITH DENSE CODING

2009 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI DONG ◽  
HAI-KUAN DONG ◽  
XIAO-MING XIU ◽  
YA-JUN GAO ◽  
FENG CHI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Dense Coding ◽  
Quantum Dense Coding ◽  
Maximally Entangled State ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Secret Information ◽  
Communication Scheme ◽  
Security Test

Using quantum dense coding, a quantum secure direct communication scheme with a six-qubit maximally entangled state is proposed. If the first security test is passed, the sender performs unitary transformations to encode the secret information on her particles and sends to the receiver. The receiver then performs projective measurements to decode the secret information. It enables the sender to transmit six-bit classical secret message by sending three particles to the receiver. The second security test is adopted to guarantee the security of the communication.

Improved Security Detection Strategy in Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Four-Particle Green–Horne– Zeilinger State

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Jin-Rui Nie ◽  
Rui-Fan Li ◽  
Bo Jing
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Ghz State ◽  
Dense Coding ◽  
Quantum Dense Coding ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Detection Strategies

To enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection in the quantum secure direct communication protocol, an improved quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a four-particle Green-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is presented. In the protocol, the four-particle GHZ state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. In the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information that the eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference that has been introduced. If the eavesdropper wants to obtain all the information, the detection rate of the quantum secure direct communication using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair block will be 50% and the detection rate of the presented protocol will be 87%. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol proposed is more secure than the others

QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITHOUT A PRE-ESTABLISHED SECURE QUANTUM CHANNEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
pp. 925-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN WANG ◽  
QUAN ZHANG ◽  
CHAOJING TANG
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Channel ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Secure Channel

Most of the quantum secure direct communication protocols need a pre-established secure quantum channel. Only after ensuring the security of quantum channel can the sender encode the secret message and send it to the receiver through the secure channel. In this paper, we present a quantum secure direct communication protocol using Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs and teleportation. It is unnecessary for the present protocol to ensure the security of the quantum channel before transmitting the secret message. In the present protocol, all Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs are used to transmit the secret message except those chosen for eavesdropping check. We also discuss the security of our protocol under several eavesdropping attacks.

scholarly journals QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITHOUT USING PERFECT QUANTUM CHANNEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN WANG ◽  
QUAN ZHANG ◽  
CHAOJING TANG
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Channel ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Secure Channel

Most of the quantum secure direct communication protocol needs a pre-established secure quantum channel. Only after insuring the security of quantum channel, could the sender encode the secret message and send them to the receiver through the secure channel. In this paper, we present a quantum secure direct communication protocol using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs without insuring the security of quantum channel before transmitting the secret message. Compared with the protocol proposed by Deng et al. [Phys. Rev. A68, 042317 (2003)] and the scheme proposed by Yan et al. [ Euro. Phys. J. B41, 75 (2004)], the present protocol provides higher efficiency.

scholarly journals Stronger correlations than dense coding with the same quantum resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bourennane ◽  
Amelie Piveteau ◽  
Emil Håkarsson ◽  
Jef Pauwels ◽  
Sadiq Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Dense Coding ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Classical Information ◽  
Single Qubit ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Epr Pair ◽  
General Communication ◽  
Theory And Experiment

Abstract Dense coding is the seminal example of how entanglement can boost quantum communication. By sharing an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair, dense coding allows one to transmit two bits of classical information while sending only a single qubit [1]. This doubling of the channel capacity is the largest allowed in quantum theory [2]. In this letter we show in both theory and experiment that same elementary resources, namely a shared EPR pair and qubit communication, are strictly more powerful than two classical bits in more general communication tasks. In contrast to dense coding experiments [3–8], we show that these advantages can be revealed using merely standard optical Bell state analysers [9, 10]. Our results reveal that the power of entanglement in enhancing quantum communications qualitatively goes beyond boosting channel capacities.

QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITH QUANTUM IDENTIFICATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250008 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI-WEI SUN ◽  
RUI-GANG DU ◽  
DONG-YANG LONG
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Cluster States ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Quantum Identification

A one-way quantum secure direct communication protocol with quantum identification utilizing two-photon three-qubit linear cluster states is proposed. The protocol can be used to transmit a secret message and identify user's identification simultaneously. The transmission of information is instantaneous, i.e. the information can be decoded during the transmission and no final transmission of additional information is needed. We prove its robustness against attacks: Any attempt of an adversary to obtain information (and even a bit of information) necessarily induces some errors that the legitimate parties could notice, even in noisy environments. Moreover, this protocol achieves a high efficiency and source capacity since more qubits can be encoded on the same photon.

ONE-PARTY QUANTUM-ERROR-CORRECTING CODES FOR UNBALANCED ERRORS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION TO QUANTUM DENSE CODING AND QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 697-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAI WEN ◽  
GUI LU LONG
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Dense Coding ◽  
Quantum Dense Coding ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Error Distributions ◽  
General Correspondence ◽  
The One ◽  
Quantum Error

In this article, we present unbalanced-quantum-error-correcting codes (one-party QECCs) — a novel idea for correcting unbalanced quantum errors. In some quantum communication tasks using entangled pairs, the error distributions between two parts of the pairs are unbalanced, and one party holds the whole entangled pairs at the final stage, and he or she is able to perform joint measurements on the pairs. In this situation the proposed one-party QECCs can improve error correction by allowing a higher-tolerated error rate. We have established the general correspondence between linear classical codes and the one-party QECCs, and we have given the general definition for these types of quantum-error-correcting codes. It has been shown that the one-party QECCs can correct errors as long as the error threshold is not larger than 0.5. They work even for fidelity less than 0.5 as long as it is larger than 0.25. We give several concrete examples of the one-party QECCs. We provide the applications of the one-party QECCs in quantum dense coding, so that it can function in noisy channels. As a result, a large number of quantum secure direct communication protocols based on dense coding are also able to be protected by this new type of one-party QECCs.

An efficient controlled quantum secure direct communication and authentication by using four particle cluster states

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Nanvakenari ◽  
Monireh Houshmand
Keyword(s):  
Cluster State ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Identity Authentication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Particle Cluster ◽  
Cluster States ◽  
Present Scheme ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Eavesdropping Detection ◽  
Base Identity

In this paper, a three-party controlled quantum secure direct communication and authentication (QSDCA) protocol is proposed by using four particle cluster states via a quantum one-time pad and local unitary operations. In the present scheme, only under the permission of the controller, the sender and the receiver can implement secure direct communication successfully. But under any circumstances, Charlie cannot obtain the secret message. Eavesdropping detection and identity authentication are achieved with the help of the previously shared reusable base identity strings of users. This protocol is unconditionally secure in both ideal and practical noisy cases. In one transmission, a qubit of each four particle cluster state is used as controller’s permission and the same qubit with another qubit are used to recover two classical bits of information. In the proposed scheme, the efficiency is improved compared with the previous works.

scholarly journals QUANTUM SECURE CONDITIONAL DIRECT COMMUNICATION VIA EPR PAIRS

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1293-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
TING GAO ◽  
FENGLI YAN ◽  
ZHIXI WANG
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Quantum Channels ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Classical Information ◽  
Epr Pairs ◽  
Unitary Transformations ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
The Common

Two schemes for quantum secure conditional direct communication are proposed, where a set of EPR pairs of maximally entangled particles in Bell states, initially made by the supervisor Charlie, but shared by the sender Alice and the receiver Bob, functions as quantum information channels for faithful transmission. After insuring the security of the quantum channel and obtaining the permission of Charlie (i.e., Charlie is trustworthy and cooperative, which means the "conditional" in the two schemes), Alice and Bob begin their private communication under the control of Charlie. In the first scheme, Alice transmits secret message to Bob in a deterministic manner with the help of Charlie by means of Alice's local unitary transformations, both Alice and Bob's local measurements, and both of Alice and Charlie's public classical communication. In the second scheme, the secure communication between Alice and Bob can be achieved via public classical communication of Charlie and Alice, and the local measurements of both Alice and Bob. The common feature of these protocols is that the communications between two communication parties Alice and Bob depend on the agreement of the third side Charlie. Moreover, transmitting one bit secret message, the sender Alice only needs to apply a local operation on her one qubit and send one bit classical information. We also show that the two schemes are completely secure if quantum channels are perfect.

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