scholarly journals Extreme Events, Critical Infrastructures, Human Vulnerability and Strategic Planning: Emerging Research Issues

2016 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joern Birkmann ◽  
Friedemann Wenzel ◽  
Stefan Greiving ◽  
Matthias Garschagen ◽  
Dirk Vallée ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Human Vulnerability

The importance of critical infrastructures and strategic planning in the context of extreme events, climate change and urbanization has been underscored recently in international policy frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (UNISDR (United Nations/International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction) 2015), and the new Paris climate agreement (UNFCCC (United Nations — Framework Convention on Climate Change) 2015) as well as the New Urban Agenda (UN-HABITAT 2016). This paper outlines key research challenges in addressing the nexus between extreme weather events, critical infrastructure resilience, human vulnerability and strategic planning. Using a structured expert dialogue approach (particularly based on a roundtable discussion funded by the German National Science Foundation (DFG)), the paper outlines emerging research issues in the context of extreme events, critical infrastructures, human vulnerability and strategic planning, providing perspectives for inter- and transdisciplinary research on this important nexus. The main contribution of the paper is a compilation of identified research gaps and needs from an interdisciplinary perspective including the lack of integration across subjects and mismatches between different concepts and schools of thought.

scholarly journals Goals of the United Nations strategic development and international protection from disaster: correlation and implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Valentina Vlado Lisauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Development Goals

The subject of this research is the international relations on accomplishment of sustainable development goals, taking into account the risks of disasters and remedy against them. The object of this research is several documents: United Nations General Assembly Resolutions “Our Changing World: Agenda on Sustainable Development until 2030”, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015, Paris Agreement on Climate Change 2015. Detailed analysis is conducted on the provisions of the indicated documents in the context of their interrelation for effective implementation. Special attention is dedicated the impact of disaster risk upon sustainable development goals, namely their accomplishment. The following conclusions were formulated: sustainable development goals represents basic trends for development of each country and global community as  a whole; they are directly related to less significant problems that trying to be resolved by joint efforts of the global community (protection from disasters and climate change). These three block represent the equilateral sides of a triangle of international relations, realized for the purpose of harmonious development of modern civilization. The author’s special contribution lies in correlation of the particular provisions of aforementioned documents, and in schematic interpretation of such correlation. The novelty lies in the fact that the science of international law usually reviews these documents separately from each other, just mentioning their interrelation. The author reflect the approach that is being currently implemented by specific practitioners on elaboration of indicators of interrelation between sustainable development goals and disaster risk reduction.

scholarly journals Natural hazards and climate change are not drivers of disasters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alik Ismail-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Time Dependent

AbstractMany nations face challenges in assessing, understanding, and responding to the time-dependent nature of disaster risk. Changes in the intensity of occurrences of extreme events coupled with changes in vulnerability and exposure alter the impacts of natural hazards on society in mostly negative ways. Here an interrelationship between natural hazard (NH), climate change (CC), vulnerability (V), exposure (E), and decisionmaking (DM) is considered. While NHs trigger disasters and CC is likely to intensify occurrences of disasters, V and E present major drivers of disasters. Informed DM on disaster risk reduction should be based on scientific evidence from NH and CC, knowledge of V and E, and relevant options for actions on preventive disaster measures as a part of preparedness and public awareness.

Preventing Disasters: Public Health Vulnerability Reduction as a Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
Weather Events

ABSTRACTGlobal warming could increase the number and severity of extreme weather events. These events are often known to result in public health disasters, but we can lessen the effects of these disasters. By addressing the factors that cause changes in climate, we can mitigate the effects of climate change. By addressing the factors that make society vulnerable to the effects of climate, we can adapt to climate change. To adapt to climate change, a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction has been proposed. By reducing human vulnerability to disasters, we can lessen—and at times even prevent—their impact.Human vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that comprises social, economic, health, and cultural factors. Because public health is uniquely placed at the community level, it has the opportunity to lessen human vulnerability to climate-related disasters. At the national and international level, a supportive policy environment can enable local adaptation to disaster events. The purpose of this article is to introduce the basic concept of disaster risk reduction so that it can be applied to preventing and mitigating the negative effects of climate change and to examine the role of community-focused public health as a means for lessening human vulnerability and, as a result, the overall risk of climate-related disasters.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:140–148)

Linking disaster risk reduction, climate change and development

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lisa F. Schipper ◽  
Frank Thomalla ◽  
Gregor Vulturius ◽  
Marion Davis ◽  
Karlee Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Future Work

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance the dialogue between the disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation community by investigating their differences, similarities and potential synergies. The paper examines how DRR and adaptation can inform development to tackle the underlying drivers of disaster risk. Design/methodology/approach Based on a risk-based approach to the management of climate variability and change, the paper draws from a critical review of the literature on DRR and adaptation. The study finds that known and emerging risk from disasters continues to increase dramatically in many parts of the world, and that climate change is a key driver behind it. The authors also find that underlying causes of social vulnerability are still not adequately addressed in policy or practice. Linking DRR and adaptation is also complicated by different purposes and perspectives, fragmented knowledge, institutions and policy and poor stakeholder coordination. Findings The author’s analysis suggests that future work in DRR and adaptation should put a much greater emphasis on reducing vulnerability to environmental hazards, if there is truly a desire to tackle the underlying drivers of disaster and climate risks. Originality/value This will require coherent political action on DRR and adaptation aimed at addressing faulty development processes that are the main causes of growing vulnerability. The study concludes with a first look on the new Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and how it aims to connect with adaptation and development.

Development and validation of a geospatial model for monitoring indicators of the Sendai framework using the example of flooding in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Urrutia ◽  
Guido Riembauer ◽  
Angel A. Valdiviezo-Ajila ◽  
Stalin Jímenez ◽  
Antonio R. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Flood Loss ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Development And Validation

<p>The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) provides a concrete agenda for evidence-based policy for disaster risk reduction as a key component of the post-2015 global development agenda. However, the progress of implementing the seven Global Targets of the SFDRR at the national level via the monitor of a set of thirty-eight indicators is obstructed due to a lack of available, accessible, and validated data on disaster-related loss and damage, especially in developing countries. This weakens the accuracy, timeliness, and quality of the Sendai monitoring process. In the case of floods, which account for the highest number of people affected by hazards,[WY1]  there is a strong need for innovative and  appropriate tools for monitoring and reporting flood impacts.</p><p>The country of Ecuador and their validated national flood loss and damage database, which stretches back to 1970, is a stark counterpoint to the norm and serves as the case study for this research. In this research we develop a geospatial model approach, which combines earth observation-based information products with additional geospatial data to result quantitative measures for selected indicators of the SFDRR and validate them based on an existing database on flood loss and damage in Ecuador. Specifically, we build on automated  derivation of flood event characteristics from a full year of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar data to assess flood hazard in Ecuador, and complement this with geospatial data on flood-related exposure and vulnerability to model selected indicators of the SFDRR in a spatially explicit way. The validation process of this geospatial model is conducted in reference to in situ loss and damage data related to flooding for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019. The derivation of information products is conducted in close collaboration with the National Service for Risk and Emergency Management of the Government of Ecuador, the country office of the United Nations Development Program, and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. It is thereby assured that the development and validation of this methodology is in line with the national and international approach of implementing the SFDRR.</p><p> </p>

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