Relacje pomiędzy katastrofami naturalnymi a zagrożeniami terrorystycznymi w kontekście Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) – prespektywa polska

Współczesne zagrożenia terrorystyczne są obszarem wieloaspektowym zarówno pod względem celów, jak i form przeprowadzania zdarzeń terrorystycznych. Wdrażane przez większość państw systemy bezpieczeństwa antyterrorystycznego wprawdzie redukują możliwe scenariusze ataków, jednak grupy terrorystyczne w celu osiągnięcia jak najszerszego spektrum skutków ataków poszukują rozwiązań, na które społeczeństwa nie są przygotowane. Coraz częściej w przeprowadzaniu ataków terrorystycznych następuje sprzężenie zwrotne warunkowane takimi czynnikami, jak zmiany klimatyczne, katastrofy naturalne lub klęski żywiołowe. Celem tego opracowania jest próba wskazania zależności, jakie zachodzą pomiędzy zmianami klimatycznymi, katastrofami naturalnymi lub klęskami żywiołowymi a terroryzmem.

What We Measure Matters: The Case of the Missing Development Data in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Monitoring

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030’s (SFDRR) framing moved away from disaster risk as a natural phenomenon to the examination of the inequality and injustice at the root of human vulnerability to hazards and disasters. Yet, its achievements have not seriously challenged the long-established capitalist systems of oppression that hinder the development leading to disaster risk creation. This article is an exploratory mapping exercise of and a collective reflection on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and SFDRR indicators—and their use in measuring progress towards disaster risk reduction (DRR). We highlight that despite the rhetoric of vulnerability, the measurement of progress towards DRR remains event/hazard-centric. We argue that the measurement of disaster risk could be greatly enhanced by the integration of development data in future iterations of global DRR frameworks for action.

The Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction: Insight from Covid-19 in Balikpapan City, Indonesia

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR) serves as the international standard for disaster risk reduction. The SFDRR places a new emphasis on risk reduction during the post-disaster recovery phase. Additionally, SFDRR encourages tangible and verifiable outcomes for catastrophe loss reduction, such as indicators for tracking progress toward seven global targets. The purpose of this article is to map the current response to the biological disaster (Covid-19) in the City of Balikpapan, Indonesia, for the Sendai Framework, using academic literature and publicly available data from governments and organizations. To provide timely responses to COVID-19 at the municipal level, this study conducted a rapid examination of newly available information from the Balikpapan government and other sources. According to the analysis’s findings, Covid 19 will have ramifications for the Sendai Framework unless the government adopts necessary legislation to keep the Sendai Framework on track. SDFRR was used to detect COVID-19 responses in Balikpapan City, although one target in the SFDRR is unclear or unidentified. Despite the fact that this goal, “Improving Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and “Building Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction,” is crucial to the Sendai Framework’s success.

National Health-Oriented Hazard Assessment in Iran Based on the First Priority for Action in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

Background. Understanding disaster risk is the first priority for action based on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR), and hazard assessment is the first step in the assessment of disaster risks. Therefore, assessing health-oriented hazards is the first measure in disaster risk assessment in the medical universities area in Iran. This article introduces a national experience and results obtained from designing a national tool for defining and assessment of health-oriented hazards in Iran. Methods. In the present study, a National Health-Oriented Hazard Assessment tool (NHHAT) was developed by experts and implemented by the Iranian Ministry of Health for gathering data according to frequency, probability, magnitude, and vulnerability of the hazards to identify the first ten hazards of medical universities in the two decades ago (2000–2021). Finally, the top 20 health-oriented hazards were identified among the ten hazards reported by each university. Results. According to the findings, the four most important hazards were road traffic accidents, earthquakes, drought, and seasonal floods. Nevertheless, the hazards such as desertification, tunnel events, soil liquefaction, mass population movement, and sea progression were among the rarest ones reported in the medical universities in Iran. Conclusion. Many functional aspects of disaster risk management depend on the realistic and accurate information related to the main elements of risk, especially the probable hazards in the communities. The comprehensive hazard assessment can only provide such information using context-bond tools. This is an applied study and a national implementation to fulfill the priority of the Sendai framework (i.e., understanding disasters risk) in Iran. It is suggested that other countries should also compile standard tools to explore the hazards for designing up-to-date hazard maps.

The Alignment of Australia’s National Construction Code and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in Achieving Resilient Buildings and Communities

The risks associated with extreme weather events induced by climate change are increasingly being recognized, and must be addressed through each country’s construction regulations, building codes, and standards. Ensuring that buildings and cities are resilient against disasters is becoming more important. Few studies have analyzed the impact of global polices and frameworks in reducing disaster risks and increasing resilience in built environments. This research reviews disasters associated with climate change in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, analyzing how Australia’s National Construction Code is aligned with the framework and the potential implications for reducing disaster risk. Decision-makers in construction companies in Sydney, Australia, were surveyed. The results show there is a statistically significant link among the National Construction Code, the Sendai Framework, and building resilience. The Sendai Framework is an effective mediator in this three-pronged relationship that can further enhance building resilience in Australia. Stakeholders in the construction industry will need to incorporate disaster risk reduction practices, especially authorities, such as local governments, building commissioners, and building certifiers that are responsible for the approval, quality, and defects mitigation of development applications and best practices. Overall, implementation of the Sendai Framework will help develop more regulations and standards for resilient buildings, set targets, and make improvements over time in the Australian construction industry.

Piani comunali di protezione civile: origini, sviluppo e nuove azioni di pianificazione territoriale (parte II)

La normativa degli ultimi venti anni dà ai piani comunali di protezione civile un valore crescente tra le attività di pianificazione del territorio, ma i relativi caratteri specifici stentano ad affermarsi tra gli addetti. Questo contributo, nella sua prima parte (pubblicata sul n. 95), ha restituito il percorso, dalla genesi a oggi, della pianificazione di protezione civile nel nostro paese, ricostruendone l'evoluzione tra norme e indirizzi. L'esito culminato nel D.Lgs. 1/2018 definisce i ruoli di sindaci, strutture amministrative comunali, regioni, volontariato e prefetture. Questa seconda parte espone il nuovo ruolo del piano di protezione civile comunale nel quadro del ‘Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction' e offre spunti per la cruciale direttiva nazionale sulla pianificazione di protezione civile in fase di stesura.

Social Network Analysis for Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in Iran

Background: Stakeholders are responsible for managing the risks of disasters. Hence, appropriate, collaborative, timely interactions of involved organizations, and having a collective view of these interactions, have an important influence on the operation of the whole system. This study was aimed at social network analysis (SNA) for the implementation of the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction in Iran. Methods: SNA was used in this study. A review of literature on disaster risk management (DRM) plus snowball sampling technique identified a list of 85 stakeholders. Delphi method among purposefully selected experts was used to score the relationship between the stakeholders. Louvain method, along with the modularity optimization method, was applied to identify groups of stakeholders with greater interactions. Centrality measurements were used to define organizations with key-roles in the network. Results: The density of this network was 0.75, which showed that not all the stakeholders were connected. The National Disaster Management Organization and Civil Defense Organization showed higher influences considering their responsibilities. A total of 3 clusters of stakeholders with specific duties that mostly interact with each other and have some interaction with other groups were recognized. Conclusion: Understanding the pre-disaster interaction of the network and the strengths and weaknesses of the interactions among stakeholders could help improve DRM.