Electron Flow through Geometrical Discontinuity in Coaxial Magnetically Insulated Transmission Lines

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (Part 1, No. 9A) ◽  
pp. 5280-5286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hiraoka ◽  
Mitsuo Nakajima ◽  
Makoto Shiho ◽  
Kazuhiko Horioka
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Geometrical Discontinuity

scholarly journals The C Termini of Constitutive Nitric-oxide Synthases Control Electron Flow through the Flavin and Heme Domains and Affect Modulation by Calmodulin

2000 ◽  
Vol 275 (38) ◽  
pp. 29225-29232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Roman ◽  
Pavel Martásek ◽  
R. Timothy Miller ◽  
Dawn E. Harris ◽  
Melissa A. de la Garza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthases ◽  
Flow Through

scholarly journals Effective Impedance of Magnetically Insulated Transmission Lines with Geometrical Discontinuity

2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hiraoka ◽  
Mitsuo Nakajima ◽  
Makoto Shiho ◽  
Kazuhiko Horioka
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Effective Impedance ◽  
Geometrical Discontinuity

SINGLE ELECTRON DEVICES

1998 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 165-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
DORAN D. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Tunnel Junctions ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Superconducting Devices ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Single Electron Devices ◽  
Electron Devices ◽  
Electron Effects

In the mid 1980s Averin and Likharev predicted that with the use of ultrasmall tunnel junctions a time correlation of electron flow through a junction could be observed, and permit the measurement of the effect of a net charge of less than one electron on the junction. Both effects were soon experimentally verified, and since that time there has been an explosion of work in the filed of single electron devices. This chapter reviews the fundamental concepts behind the operation of such devices. it then describes some of the single electron effects studied in semiconductors. Superconducting devices are then constrasted to the semiconductor and the normal metal single electron devices. The details of some current applications are described, and a thumbnail sketch of current fabrication methods is given.

scholarly journals Correction to Electron Flow through Metalloproteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (14) ◽  
pp. 8313-8313
Author(s):  
Jay R. Winkler ◽  
Harry B. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Flow ◽  
Flow Through

scholarly journals The effects of acetaldehyde on nitrogenase, hydrogenase and photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Slatyer ◽  
A Daday ◽  
G D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Viologen ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Anabaena Cylindrica ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitor ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Flow ◽  
Separate Electron ◽  
Cyanobacterium Anabaena ◽  
Flow Through

Acetaldehyde was shown to be an irreversible inhibitor of nitrogenase, hydrogenase, CO2 fixation and growth in the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica, but had no effect on photosynthetic electron flow as measured by Methyl Viologen-dependent O2 uptake. The concentration-dependence of the inhibition of nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities was determined, and it was shown that acetaldehyde inhibition poses problems for anaerobic experiments in which the activities of these enzymes are measured in the presence of the frequently used glucose/glucose oxidase/catalase/ethanol O2 trap. It is suggested that acetaldehyde may find use as an inhibitor in experiments designed to separate electron flow through the photosystems from consequent fixation of CO2 and N2.

Two-Dimensional Modeling of Electron Flow Through a Poorly Conducting Layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-312
Author(s):  
J. P. Black ◽  
C. J. W. Breward ◽  
P. D. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Flow ◽  
Conducting Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Flow Through

Sulphur dioxide effects on cell structure and photosynthetic performance in the liverwort Frullania dilatata

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Gimeno ◽  
Vicente I Deltoro
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Induction Kinetics ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Flow Through

The effects of SO2 exposure, carried out in controlled-environment cuvettes, on the photosynthetic performance of the liverwort Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum. were investigated by means of chorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and gas-exchange measurements. Additionally, visible-injury symptoms developing in leaves as a result of exposure to the pollutant were quantified and described. The adverse effects of SO2 on photosynthesis could be seen as (i) a decreased electron flow through photosystem II (PSII), (ii) an increased degree of closure of PSII centres, (iii) a lowered capacity for dissipative processes, and (iv) reduced net CO2 assimilation rates. Additionally, SO2 induced severe cell injury that ranged from cells without oil bodies to cells with collapsed plasma membrane and disorganized organelles. The distribution pattern of injuries in the shoots ofF. dilatata suggests that SO2-induced damage is related to the degree of direct exposure to the pollutant. It is possible that, because this liverwort grows in dense patches with overlapping branches, some protection is conferred to basal leaves.Key words: Frullania dilatata, chlorophyll fluorescence, sulphur dioxide, fumigation, cellular injury.

scholarly journals Electron Flow through Metalloproteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 3369-3380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Winkler ◽  
Harry B. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Flow ◽  
Flow Through

Self-magnetically insulated electron flow in vacuum transmission lines

Physica B+C ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. VanDevender ◽  
J.T. Crow ◽  
B.G. Epstein ◽  
D.H. McDaniel ◽  
C.W. Mendel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electron Flow

scholarly journals Electron flow through biological molecules: does hole hopping protect proteins from oxidative damage?

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Winkler ◽  
Harry B. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Copper Proteins ◽  
Surface Sites ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Peroxidase Enzymes ◽  
Electron Transfers

AbstractBiological electron transfers often occur between metal-containing cofactors that are separated by very large molecular distances. Employing photosensitizer-modified iron and copper proteins, we have shown that single-step electron tunneling can occur on nanosecond to microsecond timescales at distances between 15 and 20 Å. We also have shown that charge transport can occur over even longer distances by hole hopping (multistep tunneling) through intervening tyrosines and tryptophans. In this perspective, we advance the hypothesis that such hole hopping through Tyr/Trp chains could protect oxygenase, dioxygenase, and peroxidase enzymes from oxidative damage. In support of this view, by examining the structures of P450 (CYP102A) and 2OG-Fe (TauD) enzymes, we have identified candidate Tyr/Trp chains that could transfer holes from uncoupled high-potential intermediates to reductants in contact with protein surface sites.

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