Estimating lighting environments based on shadow area in an omni-directional image

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Baba ◽  
Kesuke Haruta ◽  
Shinsaku Hiura
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Area ◽  
Directional Image

The Shadow Widths of Very Small Particles are Formed Independently of the Metal Cap Build Up on the Particle

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
George C. Ruben
Keyword(s):  
Gold Particle ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Geometric Process ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Shadow Area

The formation of shadows behind small particles has been thought to be a geometric process (GP) where the metal cap build up on the particle creates a shadow width the same size as or larger than the particle. This GP cannot explain why gold particle shadow widths are generally larger than the gold particle and may have no appreciable metal cap build up (fig. 1). Ruben and Telford have suggested that particle shadow widths are formed by the width dependent deflection of shadow metal (SM) lateral to and infront of the particle. The trajectory of the deflected SM is determined by the incoming shadow angle (45°). Since there can be up to 1.4 times (at 45°) more SM directly striking the particle than the film surface, a ridge of metal nuclei lateral to and infront of the particle can be formed. This ridge in turn can prevent some SM from directly landing in the metal free shadow area. However, the SM that does land in the shadow area (not blocked by the particle or its ridge) does not stick and apparently surface migrates into the SM film behind the particle.

scholarly journals Multiband Printed Loop Mobile Phone Antenna for LTE/WWAN/GNSS Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Hao-Miao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Lumped Element ◽  
Shadow Area ◽  
Redundant Design ◽  
Resonant Modes ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

A multiband printed loop mobile phone antenna for LTE/WWAN/GNSS application is presented. It covers seven communication bands (VSWR < 3) and GNSS band (VSWR < 1.5). The so-called GNSS (global navigation satellite system) band includes COMPASS, GALILEO, GPS, and GLONASS. From the analysis of the structure, the coupled-fed antenna mainly consists of three parts: the feeding strip, shorted strip, and U-shaped parasitic coupling strip. The proposed antenna works in three resonant modes, respectively, at 860 MHz (0.25λ), 1620 MHz (0.5λ), and 2620 MHz (1λ). A solution is provided, by which the navigation antenna can be integrated into the communication main antenna to save space. The antenna not only can work in GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 bands but also covers the world’s four major navigation systems. Moreover, the proposed antenna can be easily printed on the circuit board without loading any lumped element and only occupies a small volume of 18 × 32 × 3 mm3, which is suitable for smartphone application. In addition, the redundant design of multinavigation system is quite favorable for the elimination of errors or shadow area caused by single navigation system, especially for outdoor investigation, national security, and so on.

Nipple Localization in Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound Coronal Scans Using Ensemble Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Alex Noel Joseph Raj ◽  
Ruban Nersisson ◽  
Vijayalakshmi G. V. Mahesh ◽  
Zhemin Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Texture Features ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Shadow Area ◽  
Hu Moments ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Cade System ◽  
Occurrence Matrix ◽  
Shape Complexity

Nipple is a vital landmark in the breast lesion diagnosis. Although there are advanced computer-aided detection (CADe) systems for nipple detection in breast mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of mammogram images, few academic works address the coronal views of breast ultrasound (BUS) images. This paper addresses a novel CADe system to locate the Nipple Shadow Area (NSA) in ultrasound images. Here the Hu Moments and Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) were calculated through an iterative sliding window for the extraction of shape and texture features. These features are then concatenated and fed into an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to obtain probable NSA’s. Later, contour features, such as shape complexity through fractal dimension, edge distance from the periphery and contour area, were computed and passed into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify the accurate NSA in each case. The coronal plane BUS dataset is built upon our own, which consists of 64 images from 13 patients. The test results show that the proposed CADe system achieves 91.99% accuracy, 97.55% specificity, 82.46% sensitivity and 88% F-score on our dataset.

scholarly journals Fingerprint classification by directional image partitioning

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cappelli ◽  
A. Lumini ◽  
D. Maio ◽  
D. Maltoni
Keyword(s):  
Fingerprint Classification ◽  
Directional Image

scholarly journals ANALYZING SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SHADOW AREA FROM ADS-40 HIGH RADIOMETRIC RESOLUTION AERIAL IMAGES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ta Hsieh ◽  
Shou-Tsung Wu ◽  
Chaur-Tzuhn Chen ◽  
Jan-Chang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Shadow Area ◽  
Vegetation Indexes ◽  
Research Findings

The shadows in optical remote sensing images are regarded as image nuisances in numerous applications. The classification and interpretation of shadow area in a remote sensing image are a challenge, because of the reduction or total loss of spectral information in those areas. In recent years, airborne multispectral aerial image devices have been developed 12-bit or higher radiometric resolution data, including Leica ADS-40, Intergraph DMC. The increased radiometric resolution of digital imagery provides more radiometric details of potential use in classification or interpretation of land cover of shadow areas. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyze the spectral properties of the land cover in the shadow areas by ADS-40 high radiometric resolution aerial images, and to investigate the spectral and vegetation index differences between the various shadow and non-shadow land covers. According to research findings of spectral analysis of ADS-40 image: (i) The DN values in shadow area are much lower than in nonshadow area; (ii) DN values received from shadowed areas that will also be affected by different land cover, and it shows the possibility of land cover property retrieval as in nonshadow area; (iii) The DN values received from shadowed regions decrease in the visible band from short to long wavelengths due to scattering; (iv) The shadow area NIR of vegetation category also shows a strong reflection; (v) Generally, vegetation indexes (NDVI) still have utility to classify the vegetation and non-vegetation in shadow area. The spectral data of high radiometric resolution images (ADS-40) is potential for the extract land cover information of shadow areas.

Comparison of Magnetic Properties and Shadow Area of Leading and Trailing Spots with Different Asymmetries

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Zagainova ◽  
V. G. Fainshtein ◽  
V. N. Obridko ◽  
V. G. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Shadow Area
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