The Relationship between Mammography Readers’ Real-Life Performance and Performance in a Test Set–based Assessment Scheme in a National Breast Screening Program

This article reviews 103 gamified fitness tracker apps (Android and iOS) that incorporate step count data into gameplay. Games are labeled with a set of 13 game elements as well as meta-data from the app stores (e.g., avg rating, number of reviews). Network clustering and visualizations are used to identify the relationship between game elements that occur in the same games. A taxonomy of how steps are used as rewards is provided, along with example games. An existing taxonomy of how games use currency is also mapped to step-based games. We show that many games use the triad of Social Influence, Competition, and Challenges, with Social Influence being the most common game element. We also identify holes in the design space, such as games that include a Plot element (e.g., Collaboration and Plot only co-occur in one game). Games that use Real-Life Incentives (e.g., allow you to translate steps into dollars or discounts) were surprisingly common, but relatively simple in their gameplay. We differentiate between task-contingent rewards (including completion-contingent and engagement-contingent) and performance-contingent rewards, illustrating the differences with fitness apps. We also demonstrate the value of treating steps as currency by mapping an existing currency-based taxonomy onto step-based games and providing illustrations of nine different categories.

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The randomized trial of mammography screening that was not—A cautionary tale

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/09691413211059461 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096914132110594

Author(s):

Martin J Yaffe ◽

Jean M. Seely ◽

Paula B. Gordon ◽

Shushiela Appavoo ◽

Daniel B. Kopans

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Screening ◽

Clinical Breast Examination ◽

Control Group ◽

Multiple Indicators ◽

National Breast ◽

Breast Examination ◽

Screening Study ◽

Clinical Breast ◽

And Performance

Two randomized trials were conducted in Canada in the 1980s to test the efficacy of breast cancer screening. Neither of the trials demonstrated benefit. Concerns were raised regarding serious errors in trial design and conduct. Here we describe the conditions that could allow subversion of randomization to occur and the inclusion of many symptomatic women in a screening trial. We examine anomalies in data where the balance would be expected between trial arms. “Open book” randomization and performance of clinical breast examination on all women before allocation to a trial arm allowed women with palpable findings to be mis-randomized into the mammography arm. Multiple indicators raising suspicion of subversion are present including a large excess in poor-prognosis cancers in the mammography trial arm at prevalence screen. Personnel described shifting of women from the control group into the mammography group. There is compelling evidence of subversion of randomization in Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Mis-randomization of even a few women with advanced breast cancer could markedly affect measured screening efficacy. The Canadian National Breast Screening Study trials should not influence breast screening policies.

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The relationship between real life breast screening and an annual self assessment scheme

10.1117/12.811003 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hazel J. Scott ◽

Andrew Evans ◽

Alastair G. Gale ◽

Alison Murphy ◽

Jacquie Reed

Keyword(s):

Breast Screening ◽

Real Life ◽

Self Assessment ◽

The Relationship

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Recall and Outcome of Screen-detected Microcalcifications during 2 Decades of Mammography Screening in the Netherlands National Breast Screening Program

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiol.2020191266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 294 (3) ◽

pp. 528-537

Author(s):

Jacky D. Luiten ◽

Adri C. Voogd ◽

Ernest J. T. Luiten ◽

Mireille J. M. Broeders ◽

Kit C. B. Roes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Breast Screening ◽

Screening Program ◽

National Breast

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The Egyptian National Breast Screening Program: Priorities, challenges, and results of the pilot phase

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1523 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1523-1523

Author(s):

D. S. Salem ◽

R. Kamal ◽

N. H. Said ◽

I. Adel ◽

S. Talaat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Screening ◽

Screening Program ◽

University Hospital ◽

World Health ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Full Field ◽

Full Field Digital Mammography ◽

Mobile Mammography ◽

National Breast

1523 Background: According to the World Health Organization,the number of breast cancercases in developing countries will increase dramatically by the year 2050. Egypt is likely to see an increase in this disease burden unless effective programs for early detection and control are implemented. Many women, especially those who are medically underserved, still do not understand the importance of regular mammograms, or how and where to get one. Methods: Four mobile mammography vans were launched in October 2007, to screen women over 45 years old in the underserved areas of Cairo. Each van was equipped with a full field digital mammography (FFDM) machine, dedicated computer system linked to the National Breast Screening Center via video SAT & ADSL, sphygmomanometer, blood glucose measuring kit, and spring scale and meter to measure weight and height. Based on positive findings, patients were directed to Cairo University Hospital to receive appropriate treatment. Mobile units continued to operate through October, 2008. Results: From October 2007 through October 2008, 11,414 women were screened for breast cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Two hundred forty four (2.13%) women were radiologically positive for cancer; of these, only 112 (45.9%) women agreed to be recalled for assessment; of these, 49.1% were confirmed to be true positive with BI-RADS 4,5 (61% cases were mass, with 27.9 % 1–2 cm in size; 16.4% cases were microcalcifications alone; multicentricity in 6.6 %; bilaterality in 2.5% of cases). 36.6% were false positive, and 14.2% are under further investigation. Conclusions: Although Cairo is the most developed city in Egypt, there is lack of breast cancer awareness, especially in the underserved areas. Breast cancer is now a priority for the Ministry of Health, with four more vans and 10 fixed FFDM units to be implemented during the next year. A 5-year plan has been established to cover all 29 Egyptian Governorates. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Relation between capacity and performance in paediatric upper limb prosthesis users

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364617704802 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Helen Lindner ◽

Ayako Hiyoshi ◽

Liselotte Hermansson

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Myoelectric Control ◽

International Classification Of Functioning ◽

Upper Limb Prosthesis ◽

Unit Increase ◽

And Performance ◽

The Individual ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

The Relationship

Background: The International Classification of functioning, disability and health refers capacity to what an individual can do in a standardised environment and describes performance as what an individual really does and whether the individual encounters any difficulty in the real-life environment. Measures of capacity and performance can help to determine if there is any gap between them that may restrict participation. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between capacity scores obtained in a standardised clinical setting and proportional ease of performance obtained from a real-life environment. Methods: The Assessment of Capacity for Myoelectric Control and the Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index were used to assess capacity and performance in 62 prosthetic users (age 3–17). Spearman coefficient and generalised linear model were used to examine the association between these measures. Results: A strong correlation (Spearman = 0.75) was found between the capacity scores and the ease of performance. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, capacity was significantly associated with proportional ease of performance. The adjusted model showed that, by 1 unit increase in the Assessment of Capacity for Myoelectric Control score, the ratio of proportional ease of performance increases by 45%. Conclusion: This implies that Assessment of Capacity for Myoelectric Control can be a predictor for ease of performance in real-life environment. Clinical relevance The ACMC scores may serve as an indicator to predict the difficulties that the children may encounter in their home environment. This prediction can help the clinician to make decisions, such that if the child requires more control training or is ready to move on to learn more complex tasks.

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