Effect of endurance training on glucose kinetics during exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (5) ◽  
pp. E505-E512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
C. M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Flux

Control and endurance-trained rats received continuous infusions via jugular catheters of [U-14C]- and [6-3H]glucose under one of three conditions: rest (Re), running at 13.4 m/min (easy exercise, EE), or running at 26.8 m/min (hard exercise, HE). Arterial blood was sampled from carotid catheters. Blood glucose levels were not different between groups at rest (3.88 +/- 0.19 mM) or EE (4.32 +/- 0.35 mM). During HE, trained animals maintained blood glucose better (3.41 +/- 0.34 mM) than did untrained animals (3.03 +/- 0.42 mM). Respiratory exchange ratio (R) increased from rest (0.79 +/- 0.05) to exercise and was significantly lower in trained than in untrained animals during HE (0.87 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.03). Glucose turnover (Rt) calculated from [3H]glucose was not different between groups at rest (46.2 +/- 2.7 mumol x kg-1 x min-1). Turnover increased during EE to 91.5 +/- 7.5 vs. 72 +/- 8.5 mumol x kg-1 x min-1 in untrained and trained animals, respectively. During HE, Rt rose to 95.0 +/- 12.6 in trained animals but fell to 78.7 +/- 9.9 mumol x kg-1 x min-1 in untrained animals. The percentage of glucose flux oxidized increased from rest (44.0 +/- 6.8%) to exercise and was significantly lower in trained (73.7 +/- 4.3%) than in untrained animals (95.1 +/- 3.8%) during HE. Metabolic clearance rate increased from 12.5 +/- 0.8 in Re to 29.4 +/- 6.0 ml x min-1 x kg-1 in HE but did not differ between groups. Training improved glucose homeostasis during HE by increasing the glucose flux and by reducing the fraction of the flux lost to oxidation.

Relationship of substrate level to turnover rate in fasted adult and newborn dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. E137-E143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hulman ◽  
R. Kliegman ◽  
J. Heng ◽  
E. Crouser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

Glucose turnover, clearance and response to insulin were determined in fasted newborn and adult dogs. Fasting levels of glucose and insulin and rates of glucose turnover and clearance were not different between the two groups. Blood glucose correlated with basal glucose turnover in newborn pups but not in adult dogs. Glucose turnover was not related to fasting plasma insulin levels. Glucose clearance was an inverse function of blood glucose levels among newborn but not adult dogs. Glucose clearance and blood glucose levels were not related to insulin concentrations. In response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, glucose metabolism increased 4-fold among adults but only 1.7-fold in pups. Hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia increased glucose metabolism in both groups but to a much greater extent in the pups. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia increased the metabolic clearance rate of glucose 4.2-fold among adults but only 1.8-fold in newborn dogs. In response to hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia glucose clearance rates were now similar. Despite euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, the newborn dog had an attenuated response to insulin, demonstrating lower rates of glucose metabolism and glucose clearance. The response to the hyperglycemic stimuli suggests that maximal glucose uptake was not achieved during hyperinsulinemia alone. This response supports the concept of glucose-mediated regulation of glucose disposal in newborn animals.

Cord arterial blood glucose levels

1997 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. S164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ingemarsson ◽  
I. Amer-Wåhlin ◽  
R. Liedman ◽  
C. Lindoff ◽  
M. Westgren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood Glucose

scholarly journals Hyperglycemic Episodes Are Associated With Postoperative Infections After Cardiac Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Järvelä ◽  
N. K. Khan ◽  
E. L. Loisa ◽  
J. A. Sutinen ◽  
J. O. Laurikka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Deep Sternal Wound Infection ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background and Aims: To describe the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative infections and the correlation between postoperative hyperglycemia despite tight blood glucose control with infectious and other complications after contemporary cardiac surgery. Material and Methods: The study comprised 1356 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2013 and December 2014 and were followed up for 6 months. Patients surviving the first 2 days were included in the analysis. Preoperative demographic information, medical history, procedural details, and the postoperative course were recorded. The target range for blood glucose levels was 4–7 mmol/L and repeated arterial blood samples were obtained during the intensive care unit stay. The associations of blood glucose levels during the first postoperative day and the occurrence of postoperative infections and other significant complications were analyzed. Results: Of the study cohort, 9.8% developed infectious complications which were classified as major surgical site infections in 2.2%, minor surgical site infections in 1.1%, lung infections in 2.0%, unclear fever or bacteremia in 0.3%, cannula or catheter related in 2.6%, multiple in 1.5%, and other in 0.2%. The incidence of deep sternal wound infection was 2.0%. Repeated hyperglycemia occurred in 39.7% of patients and was associated with increased rates of postoperative infections, 12.1% versus 8.2%, p = 0.019; stroke, 4.9% versus 1.5%, p < 0.001; and mortality, 6.1% versus 2.1%, p < 0.001, when compared to patients with single or no hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Every 10th patient develops infectious complications after cardiac surgery. Repeated hyperglycemia is associated with increased rates of infectious complications, stroke, and mortality.

Induction of hyperglycemia in adult intrauterine growth-restricted rats: effects on renal function

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. F288-F294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungjoon Lim ◽  
Paul Lombardo ◽  
Michal Schneider-Kolsky ◽  
Lucinda Hilliard ◽  
Kate M. Denton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Secondary Insult ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Kidney Length ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to a reduction in nephron endowment at birth and is linked to renal dysfunction in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether kidneys of IUGR rat offspring are more vulnerable to a secondary insult of hyperglycemia. IUGR was induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats by maternal protein restriction. At 24 wk of age, diabetes was induced in male IUGR and non-IUGR offspring by streptozotocin injection; insulin was injected daily to maintain blood glucose levels at either a mild (7–10 mmol/l; n=8/group) or a moderate (10–15 mmol/l; n=8/group) level. At 32 wk of age, renal function was assessed using ultrasound and [3H]inulin and [14C]para-aminohippurate clearance techniques. Conscious mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged in IUGR offspring. Relative kidney length was increased significantly in IUGR offspring, and renal function was altered significantly; of importance, there was a significant increase in filtration fraction, indicative of glomerular hyperfiltration. Induction of hyperglycemia led to marked impairment of renal function. However, the response to hyperglycemia was not different between IUGR and non-IUGR offspring. Maintaining blood glucose levels at a mild hyperglycemic level led to marked improvement in all measures of renal function in IUGR and non-IUGR offspring. In conclusion, while the IUGR offspring showed evidence of hyperfiltration, the response to hyperglycemia was similar in IUGR and non-IUGR kidneys in adulthood. Importantly, maintaining blood glucose levels at a mild hyperglycemic level markedly attenuated the renal dysfunction associated with diabetes, even in IUGR offspring.

scholarly journals Prognostic Significance of Blood Glucose Levels and Alterations Among Patients with Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Prasanth Balasubramanian ◽  
Kiran D. Gill ◽  
Ashish Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of blood glucose levels and blood glucose alterations (i.e. hyper- or hypoglycaemia) among patients with aluminium phosphide (AlP) poisoning. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India, between January 2010 and June 2011. All patients presenting to the emergency department with a definitive history of AlP ingestion or symptoms compatible with AlP poisoning were included in the study. Blood glucose levels were recorded at presentation and every six hours thereafter. Alterations in blood glucose levels and other clinical and laboratory variables were subsequently compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results: A total of 116 patients with AlP poisoning were identified. Of these, 57 patients (49%) survived and 59 patients (51%) died. At presentation, the mean blood glucose levels of survivors and non-survivors were 119.9 ± 35.7 mg/dL and 159.7 ± 92.5 mg/dL, respectively (P <0.001). In comparison to the survivors, non-survivors had significantly higher heart rates, total leukocyte counts, blood glucose level alterations and serum creatinine levels (P <0.050). In addition, systolic blood pressure, Glasgow coma scale scores, arterial blood gas pH and bicarbonate values and duration of hospital stay was significantly lower compared to survivors (P <0.001). However, neither blood glucose levels at admission nor blood glucose alterations correlated independently with mortality in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The role of blood glucose level alterations in predicting patient outcomes in AlP poisoning cases remains inconclusive. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required.Keywords: Aluminum Phosphide; Poisoning; Blood Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia; Mortality; Prognostic Factors; India.

Assessment of Glucose Turnover in Normal Man with the Use of a Non-Radioactive Isotopically Labelled Preparation, [6,6-2H]Glucose, as Tracer

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Haigh ◽  
D. G. Johnston ◽  
A. J. McCulloch ◽  
M. F. Laker ◽  
J. Welby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Intravenous Bolus ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects

1. Glucose kinetics were assessed in seven normal adult male subjects by an intravenous bolus technique with the use of a non-radioactive isotopically labelled preparation, [6,6-2H]glucose, as tracer. Tracer enrichment in plasma was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For comparison five subjects also received a simultaneous intravenous bolus of [6-3H]glucose and kinetics were assessed by conventional means. 2. Administration of [6,6-2H]glucose did not alter circulating glucose or insulin concentrations. 3. Glucose turnover, assessed by the use of [6,6-2H]glucose, was 11·4 (±0·9) μmol min−1 kg−1 and 11·6 (±0·5) μmol min−1 kg−1 with [6-3H]glucose. The mean metabolic clearance rate of glucose was 2·3 (±0·3) ml min−1 kg−1 with both isotopically labelled tracers. Estimates of mean residence time, glucose pool and glucose space were also similar by each technique. 4. [6,6-2H]Glucose is therefore an effective tracer and allows investigation of glucose kinetics without administration of a radioactive label.

Increased Cerebral Blood Flow and Plasma Epinephrine in Hypoglycemic, Preterm Neonates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Pryds ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
B. Friis-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Cerebral blood flow, plasma epinephrine, and plasma norepinephrine were measured in 25 spontaneously breathing, preterm neonates (mean gestational age 30.4 weeks) 2 hours after birth, during a routine screening for low blood glucose levels. Increased cerebral blood flow and plasma epinephrine values were observed when blood glucose levels were low, whereas plasma norepinephrine was constant throughout the blood glucose range. Hypoglycemia (defined as blood glucose concentration &lt;30 mg/dL) was found in 13 neonates who were treated with intravenous glucose and milk enterally. Blood glucose levels were normal in the remaining 12 control neonates who received milk by a gastric line. Approximately 30 minutes after treatment with intravenous glucose and/or milk, cerebral blood flow had decreased by a mean of 11.3% in the 13 hypoglycemic neonates but was still 37.5% higher than cerebral blood flow in the control neonates despite normalization of plasma epinephrine concentration. Mean arterial blood pressure and blood gas values were identical between groups throughout the investigation. It is suggested that a normal coupling between cerebral metabolic demands and flow is present in very preterm neonates and that epinephrine may play a role in the cerebral hyperperfusion. Although none of the neonates had clinical signs of hypoglycemia, the data suggest that counterregulatory mechanisms are invoked when blood glucose values are &lt;30 to 45 mg/dL.

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