Effect of insulin on in vivo glucose utilization in individual tissues of anesthetized lactating rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. E183-E188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Burnol ◽  
P. Ferre ◽  
A. Leturque ◽  
J. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

Glucose utilization rate has been measured in skeletal muscles, white adipose tissue, and mammary gland of anesthetized nonlactating and lactating rats. During lactation, basal glucose utilization is decreased by 40% in periovarian white adipose tissue and by 65% in epitrochlearis and extensor digitorum longus but not in soleus muscle. This may be related to the lower blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations observed during lactation. Basal glucose utilization rate in the mammary gland was, respectively, 18 +/- 2 and 350 +/- 50 micrograms/min in nonlactating and lactating rats. During the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, a physiological increment in plasma insulin concentration (231 +/- 18 in lactating vs. 306 +/- 24 microU/ml in nonlactating rats) induces a similar increase in glucose utilization rate in skeletal muscles (except soleus) and white adipose tissue in the two groups of rats. Furthermore this low increase in plasma insulin concentration does not alter mammary glucose utilization rate in nonlactating rats but induces the same increase (sevenfold over basal) as a maximal insulin concentration in lactating rats. These data show that the active mammary gland is the most insulin-sensitive tissue of the lactating rat that has been tested. The overall increase in insulin sensitivity and responsiveness that has been described in lactating rats can then mainly be attributed to the presence of the active mammary gland.

scholarly journals Gene expression of resistin in adipose tissue and mammary gland of lactating and non-lactating cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. R1-R5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Komatsu ◽  
F Itoh ◽  
S Mikawa ◽  
K Hodate
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Lactating Cows

Resistin has been suggested to induce insulin resistance in obesity and to inhibit adipocyte differentiation. In lactating cows, glucose uptake in the mammary gland is a rate-limiting step in milk synthesis, and to supply glucose to the mammary gland, insulin resistance increases. We examined the expression of the resistin gene by real-time PCR of cDNA in the adipose tIssue and mammary gland of lactating and non-lactating cows. Lactation induced a significant increase of resistin expression in adipose tIssue compared with that in the dry period, and decreased resistin expression in the mammary gland. There were no significant differences in the expression of insulin responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) mRNA between the adipose tIssue of lactating and non-lactating cows, and GLUT4 mRNA was not detected in the mammary gland. The plasma insulin concentration was lower in lactating cows than in non-lactating cows. These results indicate that the pattern of resistin expression in peripheral tIssues is changed in association with milk production. The increase of resistin expression and maintenance of a lower level of plasma insulin concentration may decrease glucose availability by increasing insulin resistance in adipose tIssue. Additionally, our results suggest that the decrease of resistin expression in the mammary gland may influence on the insulin-dependent glucose uptake in mammary epithelial cells during lactation.

Increased insulin sensitivity and responsiveness during lactation in rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. E537-E541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Burnol ◽  
A. Leturque ◽  
P. Ferre ◽  
J. Kande ◽  
J. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

In 12-day lactating rats blood glucose and plasma insulin were decreased by, respectively, 20 and 35% when compared with nonlactating rats, despite a 25% increase of their glucose turnover rate. Then, by using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, dose-response curves for the effects of insulin on glucose production and utilization in lactating and nonlactating rats were performed. Glucose production rate was totally suppressed at 250 microU/ml of insulin in lactating rats and for plasma insulin concentrations higher than 500 microU/ml in nonlactating rats. Plasma insulin level inducing half-maximal inhibition of glucose production was decreased by 60% during lactation. The maximal effect of insulin on glucose utilization rate and glucose metabolic clearance rate was, respectively, increased 1.5- and 2.4-fold during lactation and was obtained for plasma insulin concentrations lower in lactating than in nonlactating rats (250 vs. 500 microU/ml). Insulin concentrations inducing half-maximal stimulation of glucose utilization and glucose metabolic clearance were decreased by 50% during lactation. In conclusion, this study has shown that insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of liver and peripheral tissues are improved at peak lactation in the rat.

scholarly journals Hyperinsulinaemia increases insulin action in vivo in white adipose tissue but not in muscles

1990 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Takao ◽  
M C Laury ◽  
A Ktorza ◽  
L Picon ◽  
L Pénicaud
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp ◽  
Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp

The effect of 4 days of stable hyperglycaemia and resulting hyperinsulinaemia on insulin-induced glucose utilization by individual rat tissues was studied in vivo. The treatment produced a net increase in the glucose utilization index under both basal and insulin-stimulated (euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp) conditions in white adipose tissue. On the contrary, glucose utilization was unchanged in aerobic muscles but was decreased in glycolytic skeletal muscles during the clamp.

scholarly journals Effects of fructose, sucrose and glucose feeding on plasma insulin concentrations and on adipose-tissue clearing-factor lipase activity in rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Cryer ◽  
Susan E. Riley ◽  
Edric R. Williams ◽  
Donald S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Tissue Clearing ◽  
Glucose Feeding

The rise in adipose-tissue clearing-factor lipase activity that results from feeding glucose to starved rats cannot be duplicated by giving equicaloric amounts of fructose or sucrose. An inability of the administered fructose and sucrose to raise the plasma insulin concentration probably accounts for this failure in enzyme response.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific effects of starvation and refeeding on the disposal of oral [1-14C]triolein in the rat during lactation and on removal of litter

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Oller do Nascimento ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
14Co2 Production

1. The effects of starvation and refeeding on the disposal of oral [14C]triolein between 14CO2 production and 14C-lipid accumulation in tissues of virgin rats, lactating rats and lactating rats with pups removed were studied. 2. Starvation (24 h) increased 14CO2 production in lactating rats and lactating rats with pups removed to values found in virgin rats. This increase was accompanied by decreases in 14C-lipid accumulation in mammary gland and pups of lactating rats and in white and brown adipose tissue of lactating rats with pups removed. 3. Short-term (2 h) refeeding ad libitum decreased 14CO2 production in lactating rats and lactating rats with pups removed, and restored the 14C-lipid accumulation in mammary glands plus pups and in white and brown adipose tissue respectively 4. Insulin deficiency induced with mannoheptulose inhibited the restoration of 14C-lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue on refeeding of lactating rats with pups removed, but did not prevent the restoration of 14C-lipid accumulation in mammary gland. 5. Changes in the activity of lipoprotein lipase in mammary gland and white adipose tissue paralleled the changes in 14C-lipid accumulation in these tissues. 6. It is concluded that 14C-lipid accumulation in mammary gland may not be affected by changes in plasma insulin concentration and that it is less sensitive to starvation than is lipogenesis or lactose synthesis. This has the advantage that the milk lipid content can still be maintained from hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein for a period after withdrawal of food. The major determinant of the disposal of oral 14C-triolein appears to be the total tissue activity of lipoprotein lipase. When this is high in mammary gland (fed lactating rats) or white adipose tissue (fed lactating rats with pups removed), less triacylglycerol is available for the muscle mass and consequently less is oxidized.

Dose-response characteristics for effects of insulin on production and utilization of glucose in man

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (6) ◽  
pp. E630-E639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rizza ◽  
L. J. Mandarino ◽  
J. E. Gerich
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Response Characteristics

To determine the dose-response characteristics for the effects of insulin on glucose production, glucose utilization, and overall glucose metabolism in normal man, 15 healthy subjects were infused with insulin for 8 h at sequential rates ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mU.kg-1.min-1; each rate was used for 2 h. Glucose production and utilization were measured isotopically ([3-3H]glucose). Tissue insulin receptor occupancy was estimated from erythrocyte insulin binding. Glucose production was completely suppressed at plasma insulin concentrations of approximately 60 microunits/ml. Maximal glucose utilization (10–11 mg.kg-1.min-1) occurred at insulin concentrations of 200–700 microunits/ml. The concentration of insulin causing half-maximal glucose utilization (55 + 7 microunits/ml) was significantly greater than that required for half-maximal suppression of glucose production (29 +/- 2 microunits/ml, P less than 0.01). Maximal effects of insulin on glucose production and utilization occurred at plasma insulin concentrations causing 11 and 49% insulin receptor occupancy, respectively. The above dose-response relationships indicate that in man 1) glucose production is more sensitive to changes in plasma insulin concentration than is glucose utilization; 2) both hepatic and peripheral tissues may contain “spare” insulin receptors; and 3) relatively minor changes in plasma insulin concentration or insulin receptor function can cause appreciable alterations in glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Physiological significance of altered insulin metabolism in the conscious rat during lactation

1984 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Jones ◽  
V Ilic ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
Secondary Result

Uptake of radioactively labelled insulin by the mammary gland of the rat increased 12-fold in lactation compared with non-lactating controls. This uptake was decreased by the presence of unlabelled insulin, indicating that it occurred via insulin receptors. The plasma half-life of insulin is decreased in lactation from 9.4 min to 4.8 min, and the metabolic clearance rate for insulin increased from 7.26 to 13.03 ml/kg body wt. per min. The basal insulin and glucose concentrations in the plasma were decreased in lactation. Infusion of insulin at a dose which led to a small physiological rise in plasma insulin concentration increased lipogenic rates in the mammary gland by 100% without causing marked hypoglycaemia. It is concluded that the lactating mammary gland is a highly insulin-sensitive tissue and that the lower plasma insulin during lactation occurs primarily as a result of this sensitivity increasing extraction of glucose by the gland and thus producing a decrease in the plasma glucose concentration. It is suggested that a secondary result of the fall in plasma insulin concentration is the preferential direction of substrates (glucose and non-esterified fatty acids) towards the lactating mammary gland and away from adipose tissue and the liver.

Pregnancy-induced insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscles of the conscious rabbit

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. E165-E169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hauguel ◽  
M. Gilbert ◽  
J. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Conscious Rabbit ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles

Insulin sensitivity of maternal nonuterine tissues (liver and skeletal muscles) has been investigated in the conscious rabbit during late gestation (24 and 30 days). The specific effect of insulin on glucose production and utilization was evaluated with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. The net balance of glucose across the hindlimb muscles was studied by means of the Fick principle in basal and insulin stimulated conditions (clamp study). Our results show that an insulin-resistant state develops between days 24 and 30 of gestation in the rabbit and involves both glucose producing (liver) and utilizing (muscles) tissues. On day 30 of gestation, muscle glucose uptake was not significantly stimulated at a plasma insulin concentration of 700 microU/ml, whereas it was stimulated by 30-40% in nonpregnant and 24 day pregnant rabbits. At similar plasma insulin concentration, endogenous glucose production was suppressed by 85% in both nonpregnant and 24 day pregnant rabbits, whereas it was decreased by only 30% in 30 day pregnant rabbits. The present data suggest that hindlimb muscles of late pregnant rabbits are able to reduce their insulin-induced glucose utilization. This could contribute to meet the glucose requirements of pregnant uterus in late gestation.

Measurement of interstitial insulin in human muscle

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. E151-E154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Sjöstrand ◽  
Agneta Holmäng ◽  
Peter Lönnroth
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Insulin Effect ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

Previous measurements in lymph and adipose tissue have indicated that interstitial insulin concentrations are ∼40% lower than in plasma. Measurements of insulin in human muscle interstitial fluid have not been performed yet. We developed a new external reference technique for calibration of microdialysis catheters in situ. This technique allows correct assessments of interstitial peptide concentrations and was employed to estimate the insulin concentration in medial quadriceps femoris muscle in 11 individuals (age: 37 ± 3 yr; body mass index: 25.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2) during a two-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. At steady-state insulin and glucose infusion, plasma glucose was 5.9 ± 0.2 mmol/l, plasma insulin was 155 ± 17 mU/l, and interstitial muscle insulin was 67 ± 19 mU/l ( n = 9; P < 0.01). At a higher insulin infusion rate, the steady-state plasma insulin concentration was 379 ± 58 mU/l, and interstitial insulin concentration was 180 ± 40 mU/l ( P < 0.01). The data show for the first time that high physiological and supraphysiological plasma insulin levels give 30–50% lower interstitial concentrations of insulin in the muscle. The importance of capillary delivery as a rate-limiting step for the insulin effect is suggested.

INSULIN AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN SHEEP FED DRIED GRASS OR GROUND MAIZE-BASED DIETS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. JANES ◽  
T. E. C. WEEKES ◽  
D. G. ARMSTRONG
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Key Words Insulin ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Dietary Starch

Feeding a maize-based compared with a dried grass diet increased rates of glucose utilization in sheep, with no effect on the basal plasma insulin concentration or on the sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin. The increased utilization of glucose appeared to be non-insulin-mediated. Key words: Insulin, glucose, sheep, dietary starch

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