Delayed stress-induced colonic hypersensitivity in male Wistar rats: role of neurokinin-1 and corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. G683-G691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Schwetz ◽  
Sylvie Bradesi ◽  
James A. McRoberts ◽  
Marciano Sablad ◽  
Jerry C. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Visceromotor Response ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Neurokinin 1

The mechanism(s) underlying stress-induced colonic hypersensitivity (SICH) are incompletely understood. Our aims were to assess the acute and delayed (24 h) effect of water avoidance (WA) stress on visceral nociception in awake male Wistar rats and to evaluate the role of two stress-related modulation systems: the substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor (SP/NK1R) and the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)/CRF1 receptor (CRF/CRF1R) systems, as well as the possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system. Visceral pain responses were measured as the visceromotor response to colorectal distension (CRD) at baseline, immediately after WA and again 24 h later. The NK1R antagonists RP-67580 and SR-140333 and the CRF1R antagonist CP-154526 were injected 15 min before WA or 1 h before the CRD on day 2. Chemical sympathectomy was performed by repeated injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. WA stress resulted in a significant increase in the visceromotor response on day 2, but no change immediately after WA. Injection of CP-154526 abolished delayed SICH when applied either before WA stress or before the CRD on day 2. Both NK1R antagonists only decreased SICH when injected before the CRD on day 2. Chemical sympathectomy did not affect delayed SICH. Our results indicate that in male Wistar rats, both NK1R and CRF1R activation, but not sympathetic nervous system activation, play a role in the development of SICH.

scholarly journals Effects of Virgin Olive Oil on Blood Pressure and Renal Aminopeptidase Activities in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5388
Author(s):  
Germán Domínguez-Vías ◽  
Ana Belén Segarra ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

High saturated fat diets have been associated with the development of obesity and hypertension, along with other pathologies related to the metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, has been proposed as a dietary factor capable of positively regulating cardiovascular function. These effects have been linked to changes in the local renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The main goal of this study was to analyze the role of two dietary fat sources on aminopeptidases activities involved in local kidney RAS. Male Wistar rats (six months old) were fed during 24 weeks with three different diets: the standard diet (S), the standard diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (20%) (VOO), or the standard diet enriched with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) (Bch). Kidney samples were separated in medulla and cortex for aminopeptidase activities (AP) assay. Urine samples were collected for routine analysis by chemical tests. Aminopeptidase activities were determined by fluorometric methods in soluble (sol) and membrane-bound (mb) fractions of renal tissue, using arylamide derivatives as substrates. After the experimental period, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) values were similar in standard and VOO animals, and significantly lower than in the Bch group. At the same time, a significant increase in GluAP and IRAP activities were found in renal medulla of Bch animals. However, in VOO group the increase of GluAP activity in renal medulla was lower, while AspAP activity decreased in the renal cortex. Furthermore, the VOO diet also affected other aminopeptidase activities, such as TyrAP and pGluAP, related to the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the metabolic rate. These results support the beneficial effect of VOO in the regulation of SBP through changes in local AP activities of the kidney.

Thyroid hormone-catecholamine interrelationships during exposure to cold

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Storm ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
A. A. H. Kassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Basal plasma levels for adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA), l-triiodothyronine (T3), and l-thyroxine (T4) were determined in rats with a chronically inserted catheter. The experiments described in this report were started 3 days after the surgical procedure when T3 and T4 levels had returned to normal. Basal levels for the catecholamines were reached already 4 h after the operation. The T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 3, 7, and 14 days in rats kept at 4°C and the same holds for the iodide in the 24-h urine after 7 and 14 days at 4°C. The venous NA plasma concentration was increased 6- to 12-fold during the same period of exposure to cold, whereas the A concentration remained at the basal level. During infusion of NA at 23°C the T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 7 days compared to pair-fed controls, and the same holds for the iodide excretion in the 24-h urine. This paper presents further evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system on T4 metabolism in rats at resting conditions.

Neurovascular Role of Sympathetic Nervous System and Beta-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms in Obesity and Hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin Lambert ◽  
Hiromi Rakugi ◽  
Toshio Ogihara ◽  
Murray Esler
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Resistant Hypertension: The Role of Sympathetic Nervous System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Tsioufis ◽  
Athanasios Kordalis ◽  
Dimitris Flessas ◽  
Ioannis Anastasopoulos ◽  
Dimitris Tsiachris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among the characteristics of patients with RH, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and aldosterone excess are covering a great area of the mosaic of RH phenotype. Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is present in all these underlying conditions, supporting its crucial role in the pathophysiology of antihypertensive treatment resistance. Current clinical and experimental knowledge points towards an impact of several factors on SNS activation, namely, insulin resistance, adipokines, endothelial dysfunction, cyclic intermittent hypoxaemia, aldosterone effects on central nervous system, chemoreceptors, and baroreceptors dysregulation. The further investigation and understanding of the mechanisms leading to SNS activation could reveal novel therapeutic targets and expand our treatment options in the challenging management of RH.

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